NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
OF FLORIDA
SECOND DISTRICT
ASSET MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, )
LLC, a/k/a AMH USA, LLC; and )
THIERRY CASSAGNOL, )
)
Appellants, )
)
v. ) Case Nos. 2D16-341
) 2D16-3599
ASSETS RECOVERY CENTER ) CONSOLIDATED
INVESTMENTS, LLC; 19-ASSET )
MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, LLC; MIA )
FUNDING, LLC; 17-ASSET )
MANAGEMENT HOLDING, LLC; )
16-ASSET MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, )
LLC; 14-TP FUNDING, LLC; 12 ASSET )
MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, LLC; 11 )
ASSET MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, LLC; )
10-ASSET MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, )
LLC; 9-COMP LOAN, LLC; )
6-MISPROPERTIES, LLC; )
5-HOMECOM.LOANS, LLC; )
4-TRADERS TRUST, LLC; 21 ASSET )
MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, LLC; )
3-STUDENT LOAN, LLC; 2 BANKING )
ONE FUNDING, LLC; 1, M, LLC, 1 M, )
INC.; JOHN OLSEN; and DANIEL )
COOSEMANS, )
)
Appellees. )
)
Opinion filed October 18, 2017.
Appeals from the Circuit Court for
Sarasota County; Stephen L. Dakan,
Associate Senior Judge.
John S. Jaffer, Sarasota, and Steele T.
Williams of Steele T. Williams, P.A.,
Sarasota, for Appellants.
Mark A. Levy of Brinkley Morgan, Ft.
Lauderdale, for Appellees.
ROTHSTEIN-YOUAKIM, Judge.
Defendants/Counterplaintiffs Asset Management Holdings, LLC, a/k/a
AMH USA, LLC, and Thierry Cassagnol (collectively, AMH) appeal an amended final
judgment awarding damages to Plaintiffs/Counterdefendants Assets Recovery Center
Investments, LLC, and various other entities (the plaintiff entities) on the plaintiff entities'
breach-of-contract claim and dismissing with prejudice all of the plaintiff entities'
alternative claims for relief and AMH's counterclaims. We agree with AMH's argument
that the trial court erred in denying its motion for an involuntary dismissal because the
plaintiff entities failed to prove damages.1 Accordingly, we affirm the amended final
judgment to the extent that it disposed of the plaintiff entities' alternative claims for relief
and AMH's counterclaims, reverse the amended final judgment to the extent that it
awarded damages to the plaintiff entities, and remand for entry of an involuntary
dismissal of the plaintiff entities' breach-of-contract claim.
Background
In 2003, the parties orally agreed that AMH would locate distressed
mortgages that holders were typically willing to sell for less than face value, the plaintiff
entities would provide the capital to finance the purchase of the distressed mortgages,
and AMH would service the loans on behalf of the plaintiff entities. Specifically, they
1
We reject AMH's other arguments without further comment.
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agreed that any money that AMH collected when servicing these loans would be applied
as follows: first, AMH would reimburse itself for certain hard costs incurred while
servicing and collecting the loans; second, the plaintiff entities would be reimbursed for
the capital expended to acquire the loans; and third, once the plaintiff entities had been
fully reimbursed as to a particular group of loans, the parties would split the remaining
proceeds from that group evenly. With the foreclosure crisis looming, however, AMH
became indebted to the plaintiff entities, and the parties' business relationship went
awry. Consequently, in November 2008, the parties orally agreed that AMH would stop
servicing the loans and would transfer all active loan files to the plaintiff entities and that
the plaintiff entities would not seek to recover any money that AMH owed them (the
walkaway agreement). About six months after AMH transferred the files to the plaintiff
entities, however, AMH claimed that it had accidentally included in the transfer
approximately 170 loans that were not originally part of the walkaway agreement, and it
resumed servicing and collecting payments on these 170 loans (the disputed loans).
The plaintiff entities sued AMH for breach of the walkaway agreement.2
The trial court bifurcated proceedings by holding a bench trial on all of the parties'
substantive claims and counterclaims followed by a separate bench trial on damages.
At the conclusion of the first bench trial, the court rejected AMH's assertions that the
walkaway agreement was unenforceable and that it owned the disputed loans; found
that, pursuant to the walkaway agreement, AMH owed the plaintiff entities any monies
that it had collected on the disputed loans and was liable for any damages; reserved
2
The plaintiff entities also raised alternative theories of recovery and
ancillary claims not relevant to the issues we address on appeal.
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jurisdiction to determine the amount of damages, if any, due to the plaintiff entities; and
dismissed with prejudice the plaintiff entities' remaining claims and AMH's
counterclaims.
Before the damages trial, the plaintiff entities filed a written proffer of
damages in the amount of all monies that AMH had collected on the disputed loans
after the parties had entered into the walkaway agreement. AMH responded, in
pertinent part, that an award of damages in the amount of AMH's gross collections
would fail to account for the costs that AMH had incurred in collecting and servicing the
disputed loans and, as a remedy for breach of contract, would improperly put the
plaintiff entities in a better position than they would have been if the walkaway
agreement had not been breached.
At the damages hearing, the plaintiff entities relied on their proffer and
asserted that any costs that AMH had incurred in collecting and servicing loans covered
by the walkaway agreement had been incurred through AMH's own wrongdoing. AMH
responded that under a "breach of contract damage analysis, . . . the Plaintiff entities
should not be put into a position better than they would have been, but for the breach"
and asserted that the costs that AMH had incurred should be considered as "various
setoffs to the overall gross number." AMH offered to establish an appropriate setoff by
having Cassagnol testify, in pertinent part, to AMH's costs in servicing the disputed
loans, and it noted that, in discovery, the plaintiff entities had acknowledged that fifty
dollars per loan per month was a reasonable servicing fee. The plaintiff entities
responded by reiterating that AMH should not be entitled to a setoff based on its
wrongdoing.
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The trial court agreed that AMH was not entitled to a setoff. The court
noted that the first trial had addressed whether the walkaway agreement was valid and
could be enforced, and it clarified its prior ruling that AMH had breached the walkaway
agreement and that the disputed loans belonged to the plaintiff entities. Nonetheless, to
preserve the issue for appeal, the court directed AMH to submit a written proffer of the
setoff.
In addition to submitting this written proffer of their servicing costs, AMH
moved for an involuntary dismissal. AMH reiterated its argument that awarding gross
collections as damages would improperly put the plaintiff entities in a better position
than they would have been had AMH not breached the walkaway agreement. AMH
asserted that because the plaintiff entities had not introduced any evidence of the costs
that they necessarily would have incurred in servicing the disputed loans, they had
failed to satisfy their burden of proving damages under a lost-profits theory. The plaintiff
entities responded that lost profits was not the correct measure of damages and that
AMH could properly be denied a setoff based on its wrongful conduct. The plaintiff
entities continued to rely solely on their original proffer; they neither proffered nor
requested an opportunity to proffer what costs they would have incurred in servicing the
disputed loans absent the breach.
The trial court denied AMH's motion without explanation and, on the same
day, entered an amended final judgment. The amended final judgment included the
same findings and rulings as the original final judgment and awarded the plaintiff entities
all monies that AMH collected on the disputed loans after November 2008. AMH timely
appealed.
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Analysis
Whether the trial court applied the correct measure of damages on a
breach-of-contract claim is a question of law that this court reviews de novo. Del Monte
Fresh Produce Co. v. Net Results, Inc.,
77 So. 3d 667, 673 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011). If the
trial court employed the correct measure of damages, we review the damages award for
support by competent, substantial evidence.
Id.
On appeal, AMH argues that the trial court erred in denying its motion for
an involuntary dismissal because the plaintiff entities did not present sufficient evidence
of damages under the correct measure. AMH contends that, to recover on their breach-
of-contract claim, the plaintiff entities had to prove lost profits, which required evidence
not only of AMH's gross collections but also of the costs the plaintiff entities necessarily
would have incurred in servicing and collecting payments on the disputed loans if AMH
had not done so in the breach. We agree.
At the damages part of the trial, the trial court stated that it had previously
found that the walkaway agreement was enforceable and that AMH had breached it and
that it had previously rejected AMH's claim of ownership over the disputed loans.
Therefore, contrary to the plaintiff entities' suggestion, the court was apparently
proceeding solely on the plaintiff entities' breach-of-contract claim; the court did not
indicate that it had made or was relying on any other findings that implicated the plaintiff
entities' other causes of action. See Rollins, Inc. v. Butland,
951 So. 2d 860, 876 (Fla.
2d DCA 2006) ("The elements of an action for breach of contract are: (1) the existence
of a contract, (2) a breach of the contract, and (3) damages resulting from the breach.").
And, therefore, the plaintiff entities had to prove the third element of a breach-of-
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contract claim: damages resulting from the breach. See Siever v. BWGaskets, Inc.,
669 F. Supp. 2d 1286, 1300 (M.D. Fla. 2009) ("Under Florida law, damages are an
essential element of an action for breach of contract." (citing Butland, 951 So. 2d at
876)).
The trial court's conclusion that AMH's wrongful conduct precluded a
"setoff" misapprehends the purpose of a damages award on a breach-of-contract claim,
which "is to restore an injured party to the same position that he would have been in had
the other party not breached the contract." Verandah Dev., LLC v. Gualtieri,
201 So. 3d
654, 659 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016) (quoting Lindon v. Dalton Hotel Corp.,
49 So. 3d 299, 305
(Fla. 5th DCA 2010)). In so concluding, the court incorrectly focused on punishing AMH
for its breach rather than on putting the plaintiff entities in the same position that they
would have been but for the breach. See
id. As a result, the court incorrectly put the
plaintiff entities in a better position than they would have been, see
id. ("In restoring the
injured party to the 'same position,' he 'is not entitled to be placed, because of that
breach, in a position better than that which he would have occupied had the contract
been performed.' " (quoting
Lindon, 49 So. 3d at 305)), because if AMH had not
resumed servicing and collecting the disputed loans, the plaintiff entities would have
incurred costs by doing it themselves or by outsourcing it to a third party.
The burden of proving damages rested solely with the plaintiff entities.
See Montage Grp., Ltd. v. Athle-Tech Comput. Sys., Inc.,
889 So. 2d 180, 195 (Fla. 2d
DCA 2004) ("The plaintiff bears the burden of proving an entitlement to lost profits.");
James Crystal Licenses, LLC v. Infinity Radio Inc., 43 So. 3d 68, 75, 80 (Fla. 4th DCA
2010) (reversing lost profits award and remanding for entry of defense judgment
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because plaintiff introduced evidence of only some fees it would have incurred but failed
to deduct general overhead expenses); Indian River Colony Club, Inc. v. Schopke
Constr. & Eng'g, Inc.,
619 So. 2d 6, 8 (Fla. 5th DCA 1993) (holding that plaintiff failed to
carry burden of proving costs and expenses that it had to deduct from income when
calculating lost profits); Physicians Reference Lab., Inc. v. Daniel Seckinger, M.D. &
Assocs., P.A.,
501 So. 2d 107, 109 n.1 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987) (rejecting nonbreaching
party's argument that breaching party's failure to present evidence warranted affirmance
of damages award because nonbreaching party bore burden of proving lost profits).
Because they introduced no evidence of the costs they would have incurred in servicing
and collecting the disputed loans, they failed to carry that burden, and the trial court
should have granted AMH's motion for an involuntary dismissal. See Fla. R. Civ. P.
1.420(b); Allard v. Al-Nayem Intern., Inc.,
59 So. 3d 198, 201 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011)
("Involuntary dismissal is proper where there is inadequate proof at trial on the correct
measure of damages."); St. Petersburg Hous. Auth. v. J.R. Dev., 706 So. 2d 1377, 1377
(Fla. 2d DCA 1998) (reversing order granting rehearing, entered after court had
originally found that plaintiff failed to introduce sufficient damages of expenses to
support lost profits, because "[t]his procedure improperly allows appellee a 'second bite
at the apple' at proving damages, an element of proof that should have been proven at
trial"); Teca, Inc. v. WM-TAB, Inc.,
726 So. 2d 828, 830 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999) (reversing
damage award, remanding for entry of defense judgment because plaintiff failed to
prove expenses in support of claim of lost profits, and rejecting approach that would
have "allow[ed] a second bite at the apple when there has been no proof at trial
concerning the correct measure of damages").
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Conclusion
The plaintiff entities failed to introduce evidence essential to their burden
of proving lost profits on their breach-of-contract claim. In light of this failure, the trial
court erred in denying AMH's motion for an involuntary dismissal. Accordingly, we
affirm the court's dismissal of the plaintiff entities' alternative claims for relief and its
dismissal of AMH's counterclaims; reverse the amended final judgment; and remand for
entry of an involuntary dismissal of the plaintiff entities' breach-of-contract claim.
Affirmed in part; reversed in part; remanded with directions.
LaROSE, C.J., and WALLACE, JJ., Concur.
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