FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
STATE OF FLORIDA
_____________________________
No. 1D16-4375
_____________________________
JON PAUL HOGLE,
Appellant,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA,
Appellee.
_____________________________
On appeal from the Circuit Court for Walton County.
Kelvin C. Wells, Judge.
June 18, 2018
PER CURIAM.
Jon Hogle exposed himself to a thirteen-year-old girl on a
panhandle beach. He was convicted of lewd or lascivious
exhibition, and he was sentenced to five years in prison and ten
years of sex-offender probation. On appeal, he argues that the trial
court erred in denying a motion in limine and that fundamental
error occurred during the prosecutor’s closing statement. We reject
these arguments and affirm Hogle’s convictions. Hogle also argues
that the court erred in imposing various fines and costs during
sentencing. We agree that several fines were improper, so we
reverse certain aspects of his sentence.
I.
At trial, the victim testified that she was jogging on the beach
when she heard Hogle yell to her from a nearby condo. She turned
to look and saw Hogle, pants down, touching his erect penis while
making eye contact with her. The victim immediately called police
and then ran down the beach toward her sister. She pointed out
Hogle to her sister, and then she and her sister went inside their
condo. The victim told her mother what happened, and everyone
waited for police to arrive. The victim and her sister then saw
Hogle drive by in a truck two or three times. Police had arrived by
the last time Hogle drove by, and an officer took off after Hogle,
ultimately stopping and arresting him.
When questioned by officers, Hogle denied exposing himself.
But testifying at trial, Hogle admitted pulling his pants down that
afternoon. He insisted it was all a misunderstood joke though, and
that he neither touched himself nor saw any children around.
Instead, he testified, an adult friend had just flashed her breasts,
and he responded by momentarily flashing his genitals.
After hearing these competing versions of events, the jury
voted to convict.
II.
Hogle first challenges an evidentiary ruling. He contends the
trial court should not have allowed testimony that he drove by the
victim’s condo after the incident. Hogle argues this testimony was
irrelevant or, alternatively, that any probative value was
substantially outweighed by the risk of unfair prejudice. We
review this claim for an abuse of discretion. See Heath v. State,
648
So. 2d 660, 664 (Fla. 1994) (“The trial court has broad discretion in
determining the relevance of evidence and such determination will
not be disturbed absent an abuse of discretion.” (citation omitted)).
As to relevance, Hogle argues that there was no question of
identity; after all, he admitted at trial that he was the one on the
balcony with his pants down. Where he drove afterward, he
argues, is completely irrelevant to whether his behavior on the
balcony was criminal. The problem with this argument is that
until he testified in his own defense, his identity was in question.
2
The State had to prove that he was the one on the balcony, and the
sisters’ testimony that they saw the man from the balcony
repeatedly drive by their condo—coupled with the officer’s
testimony that the man they pointed out turned out to be Hogle—
was relevant as to whether Hogle was the perpetrator. See Carter
v. State,
23 So. 3d 1238, 1243 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009) (finding
testimony about defendant’s companions on the day of carjacking
relevant because it tended to prove the material fact of the identity
of the assailant). The evidence was relevant, and we do not find
the trial court abused its discretion in concluding that the risk of
unfair prejudice (if any) did not substantially outweigh the
probative value. See § 90.403, Fla. Stat. (2016).
III.
Hogle next argues that the prosecutor’s closing argument
misstated the law and shifted the burden of proof, warranting a
new trial. Because Hogle offered no objection below, we review only
for fundamental error. See Rimmer v. State,
825 So. 2d 304, 323
(Fla. 2002).
During closing, Hogle’s attorney argued that Hogle briefly
flashed a friend at the beach and that the victim was mistaken in
thinking Hogle had an erection. In rebuttal, the prosecutor
responded:
The Judge is going to tell you that a reasonable doubt as
to the guilt of the defendant may arise from the evidence,
conflict in the evidence, or the lack of evidence. The
defendant took the stand today and he said, I was out
there and my friend flashed me and I flashed her back in
a joking manner. But the only evidence that we have to
support that is Mr. Hogle’s testimony. The only evidence
to support that claim. And Mr. Hogle himself said that he
has been dishonest in the course of this investigation.
So you have to determine whether or not you can believe
what he’s telling you. Whether or not that testimony is
credible. Or whether or not the testimony of [the victim]
that’s supported by the evidence in this case, that is
supported by other testimony[,] whether or not her
testimony is credible. . . . The State has to prove that he
3
exposed himself in a lewd or lascivious manner. And the
testimony from [the victim] is that he did.
This argument did not improperly shift the burden of proof.
Although the state cannot comment on a defendant’s failure to
produce evidence to refute an element of the crime, Jackson v.
State,
575 So. 2d 181, 188 (Fla. 1991) (noting that “doing so could
erroneously lead the jury to believe that the defendant carried the
burden of introducing evidence”), here the prosecutor was instead
noting the lack of credible evidence to support Hogle’s theory.
Defense counsel had challenged the credibility of the victim’s
testimony during its closing argument, and the prosecutor was
permitted to respond. See Bell v. State,
108 So. 3d 639, 648 (Fla.
2013) (rejecting burden-shifting argument: “When considered in
context, the prosecutor’s comment is properly understood as a
statement on the jury’s duty to analyze the evidence presented at
trial followed by the prosecutor’s argument regarding what
conclusion the jury should reach from the evidence.”). We also
reject Hogle’s argument that the prosecutor misstated the law in
such a way as to produce fundamental error.
IV.
Finally, Hogle challenges various fines and costs imposed by
the trial court. At sentencing, the court orally imposed a lump sum
of $775 in fines and costs, as well as $2,524.79 for the cost of
prosecution. The written judgment imposed $3,850.79 in fines and
costs based on various statutes. While this appeal was pending,
Hogle filed a rule 3.800(b)(2) motion to correct sentence, arguing
the lower court erred in imposing seven fines or costs. The court
denied the motion, and Hogle now challenges the same seven fees
on appeal. We conclude that five of the fees must be stricken, but
we affirm the court’s imposition of the remaining two.
In the written judgment, the court imposed $225 for felony
court costs and an additional $100 for misdemeanor court costs
pursuant to section 938.05(1), Florida Statutes. However, because
Hogle was not convicted of any misdemeanors, the court should not
have included the $100. Additionally, the court imposed a $342.86
fine pursuant to section 775.083, as well as a related $17.14
surcharge pursuant to section 938.04. Because the court imposed
these as part of the $775 lump sum, the court erred. See Nix v.
4
State,
84 So. 3d 424, 426 (Fla. 1st DCA 2012) (“The fine authorized
by section 775.083(1) is discretionary and, thus, it was error for the
trial court to impose the $1,050 fine under this statute without
specifically pronouncing the fine at the sentencing hearing. . . .
Because this fine was erroneously imposed, the surcharge
under section 938.04, which is based on the amount of fine, must
also be reversed.”). The State concedes these charges must be
stricken.
The trial court also imposed a $250 public defender
representation fee pursuant to section 938.29(1)(a), as well as
$2,5247.79 for prosecution costs pursuant to section 938.27(8). The
public defender fee must be stricken because the court did not
make findings to support the higher-than-minimum amount
permitted by the statute. See Chambers v. State,
217 So. 3d 210,
214 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017). The prosecution costs must also be
stricken, as the State concedes, because the court imposed the
costs without sufficient evidence of actual costs. See § 938.27(8),
Fla. Stat. (2016) (requiring state attorney costs to be set at no less
than $100 per felony case but permitting the court to set a higher
amount “upon a showing of sufficient proof of higher costs
incurred”); Brown v. State,
189 So. 3d 837, 840 (Fla. 4th DCA 2015)
(“[T]he state failed to provide competent substantial evidence of
these costs. Although the state attached a ‘costs compilation’
invoice to its motion for costs of prosecution and proffered
testimony from one of its employees, the document never was
admitted into evidence and the testimony never was taken. We
therefore reverse for a new hearing on costs.”). On remand, the
court may reimpose these costs after following the proper
procedure. We find no error with respect to the remaining aspects
of the sentence.
V.
Because there was no reversible error related to the motion in
limine or the prosecutor’s closing arguments, we affirm Hogle’s
conviction. But we reverse and remand for resentencing consistent
with this opinion.
AFFIRMED in part; REVERSED in part; REMANDED.
LEWIS, KELSEY, and WINSOR, JJ., concur.
5
_____________________________
Not final until disposition of any timely and
authorized motion under Fla. R. App. P. 9.330 or
9.331.
_____________________________
Andy Thomas, Public Defender, and Danielle Jorden, Assistant
Public Defender, Tallahassee, for Appellant.
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, and Kaitlin Weiss, Assistant
Attorney General, Tallahassee, for Appellee.
6
