QLJ v. State , 714 So. 2d 628 ( 1998 )

714 So. 2d 628 (1998)

Q.L.J., A Child, Appellant,
v.
STATE of Florida, Appellee.

No. 97-4851.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District.

July 27, 1998.

Nancy A. Daniels, Public Defender; P. Douglas Brinkmeyer, Assistant Public Defender, Tallahassee, for Appellant.

Robert A. Butterworth, Attorney General; Kristina White, Assistant Attorney General, Tallahassee, for Appellee.

WEBSTER, Judge.

In this juvenile delinquency appeal, appellant claims that the trial court erred when it deviated from the commitment-level placement recommended by the Department of Juvenile Justice. Because we conclude that the trial court relied upon appropriate considerations, which were supported by a preponderance of the evidence, we affirm.

Section 39.052(4)(e), Florida Statutes (Supp.1996), reads in pertinent part:

2. If the court determines that commitment to the department [of Juvenile Justice] is appropriate, the intake counselor or case manager shall recommend to the court the most appropriate placement and treatment plan, specifically identifying the restrictiveness level most appropriate for the child.... The court shall consider the department's recommendation in making its commitment decision.

3. The court shall commit the child to the department at the restrictiveness level identified or may order placement at a different restrictiveness level. The court shall state for the record the reasons which establish by a preponderance of the evidence why the court is disregarding the assessment of the child and the restrictiveness level recommended by the department.

Clearly, while a trial court is required to consider the recommendation of the Department of Juvenile Justice in reaching a decision regarding appropriate placement, it may order placement at a different restrictiveness level, provided that its reasons appear on the record and are supported by a preponderance of the evidence. Here, the record reflects that the Department had recommended that appellant be placed in a moderate-risk residential facility. Having concluded that such a placement would not be appropriate, the trial court directed the Department to place appellant in a high-risk residential program. This appeal follows.

The state filed a petition alleging that appellant was a delinquent child because he had committed a sexual battery upon a child who was younger than 12. Appellant initially denied the allegations. However, appellant ultimately entered a plea of guilty "for convenience" to the charge.

The predisposition report prepared by the Department reflected that appellant, who was 14 at the time, had vaginally penetrated a 5-year-old girl with his penis. Appellant's mother had been a babysitter for the victim on several prior occasions. Appellant had no history of prior referrals to the Department.

At the disposition hearing, the state disagreed with the Department's placement recommendation, arguing that a high-risk placement was more appropriate. After having heard testimony from several witnesses on behalf of appellant, the trial court concluded that a high-risk placement would be more appropriate than a moderate-risk one, noting that the act appellant had committed would be a life felony if committed by an adult, punishable by life imprisonment. It based its conclusion that a high-risk placement would be more appropriate principally upon the finding that appellant's actions established that he was a danger to society and that, therefore, he should be placed in a secure environment for the protection of society.

Section 39.052(4)(d), Florida Statutes (Supp.1996), requires that, in determining whether a child should be adjudicated delinquent and committed to the Department, the trial court consider (among other things) "[t]he seriousness of the offense to the community" and the need to protect the community from the child. Moreover, section 39.001(1)(c), Florida Statutes (Supp.1996), identifies "the protection of society" as one of the principal purposes of chapter 39, and section 39.002(3), Florida Statutes (1995), states that the first priority of the state juvenile justice system is to "protect the public from acts of delinquency." Thus, it was clearly proper for the trial court to be concerned about the need to protect society from the possibility that appellant might commit further criminal acts. The only remaining question is whether the trial court's finding that a high-risk placement was the more appropriate means of ensuring such protection is supported by a preponderance of the evidence.

Section 39.01(59)(c), Florida Statutes (Supp.1996), states that moderate-risk residential facilities are intended for children who "do not need placement in facilities that are physically secure"; whereas section 39.01(59)(d) states that high-risk residential facilities are designed to "provide[ ] 24-hour-per-day secure custody, care, and supervision." It is apparent that the trial court had this distinction in mind when it opted for high-risk placement rather than moderate-risk. The trial court was in a position far superior to ours for purposes of evaluating appellant and determining the most appropriate placement. Given the serious nature of the crime and the circumstances surrounding its commission, we are satisfied that the trial court's finding regarding the need to protect society was supported by a preponderance of the evidence. Accordingly, we affirm.

AFFIRMED.

LAWRENCE, J., concurs.

SHIVERS, DOUGLASS B., Senior Judge, dissents with written opinion.

SHIVERS, DOUGLASS B., Senior Judge, dissenting.

I respectfully dissent.

There is no preponderance of evidence, as the statute requires, to justify the court's overruling the recommendation of the Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) and elevating the commitment level.

Q.L.J. is a first-time offender. The predisposition report of the DJJ, noting that Q.L.J. had no prior referrals to court, was well-behaved at home and well-behaved at school, recommended a moderate risk residential commitment.

Q.L.J. was charged, by delinquency petition, with sexual battery on a person less than twelve years of age. According to the arrest report, appellant, a fourteen-year-old, admitted placing his penis in the vagina of a five-year-old girl, but stopped when she said it hurt.

At the disposition hearing, the only witnesses were character and behavior witnesses, all of whom testified affirmatively and positively about Q.L.J. The state presented no witnesses or evidence. The trial court stated that DJJ's moderate risk recommendation was not appropriate:

THE COURT: ... Your conduct is outrageous. And anything in your background pales when you look at the act itself because the act is outrageous and the first thing that I look for is protection of the community and also look for the element of punishment for such an outrageous deed, sexually assaulting a five year old child.

You knew exactly what you were doing. Moderate risk is not appropriate for a number of reasons. The most important reason, however, is I think actually, you're now 15, are you not?

THE CHILD: Uh-huh.

THE COURT: The most important reason is that you constitute a potential danger to the community. And also the element of punishment, I think, overrides in this case the other considerations. So. The court is departing from the recommendation of the department. (R 85-86).

The court's oral comments to justify deviation from the department's recommendation indicate only those factors inherent in the crime, of which DJJ was already aware when it made its recommendation.

The operative juvenile statute provides:

(e) 1. If the court determines that the child should be adjudicated as having committed a delinquent act and should be committed to the department, such determination shall be in writing or on the record of the hearing. The determination shall include a specific finding of the reasons for the decision to adjudicate and to commit the child to the department, including any determination that the child was a member of a criminal street gang.

2. If the court determines that commitment to the department is appropriate, the intake counselor or case manager shall recommend to the court the most appropriate placement and treatment plan, specifically identifying the restrictiveness level most appropriate for the child. If the court has determined that the child was a member of a criminal street gang, that determination shall be given great weight in identifying the most appropriate restrictiveness level for the child. The court shall consider the department's recommendation in making its commitment decision.

3. The court shall commit the child to the department at the restrictiveness level identified or may order placement at a different restrictiveness level. The court shall state for the record the reasons which establish by a preponderance of the evidence why the court is disregarding the assessment of the child and the restrictiveness level recommended by the department. Any party may appeal the court's findings resulting in a modified level of restrictiveness pursuant to this subparagraph.

§ 39.052(4)(e), Fla. Stat. (Supp.1996) (emphasis supplied).

In K.M.T. v. State, 695 So. 2d 1309 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997), that court held the judge could not rely on "the nature of the charge" to justify elevating the commitment level from level 2 to level 6. In the instant case, the judge's comments about punishment for such "an outrageous deed" reflect a decision based on the nature of the charge.

In J.M. v. State, 677 So. 2d 890 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996) the state filed a petition for delinquency after J.M. was charged with sexual battery upon a minor. J.M. entered an admission to the reduced charge of lewd and lascivious act upon a person under the age of 16. HRS prepared a predisposition report which recommended that J.M. be placed in a level two moderate community control program. The trial judge committed J.M. to the custody of HRS for placement in a (higher) level four low risk residential program. That court's stated reasons for the departure were that (1) it found this offense to be especially heinous and serious; and (2) that the victim had gone through an experience that she would remember the rest of her life. The 3d DCA agreed with J.M. that the court's reasons were not supported by a preponderance of the evidence. Other than stating at the hearing that the state disagreed with the HRS recommendations because the crime was "rather serious," the state presented no evidence, and made no argument, that the commission of this offense to this particular victim was more egregious than the other similarly situated victims. The 3d DCA wrote that it is beyond peradventure that every victim of a crime will have a lasting impression of the incident. It emphasizes that that fact alone is insufficient to support a departure. The 3d DCA reversed and remanded for a new trial.

As the court stated in P.W.G. v. State, 682 So. 2d 1203 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996), rehabilitation is the principal focus of Florida's system of dealing with delinquent children. The goal is to prevent delinquent children from becoming adult offenders.

Although what Q.L.J. did was certainly bad, he appears to be potentially rehabilitatable. It was the judgment of DJJ that the recommended moderate risk level of commitment was appropriate for Q.L.J.'s rehabilitation.

There is absence of the statutorily required preponderance of evidence to justify the trial court's overriding the recommendation of the Department of Juvenile Justice. I would reverse and remand.