Third District Court of Appeal
State of Florida
Opinion filed December 23, 2020.
Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
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Nos. 3D20-1348 & 3D20-1349
Lower Tribunal Nos. 19-79-A-K & 19-86-A-K
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Eric Wurtzel,
Appellant,
vs.
The State of Florida,
Appellee.
Appeals from the Circuit Court for Monroe County, Mark H. Jones, Judge.
Carlos J. Martinez, Public Defender, and Susan S. Lerner, Assistant Public
Defender, for appellant.
Ashley Moody, Attorney General, and Gabrielle Raemy Charest-Turken,
Assistant Attorney General, for appellee.
Before FERNANDEZ, SCALES and HENDON, JJ.
SCALES, J.
In this consolidated appeal, Eric Wurtzel appeals a September 11, 2020 trial
court order that imposed a thirty-month prison sentence on him for probation
violations. 1 The trial court found that Wurtzel violated general conditions and an
agreed-to special condition contained in an April 4, 2019 probation order, as
modified. Wurtzel neither disputes that he violated probation or that the resulting
sentences are lawful. Rather, he maintains in this appeal that the special condition
contained in the April 4, 2019 probation order – banishment from the county where
his crimes occurred – was invalid. We dismiss Wurtzel’s appeal because, in an
appeal of a probation revocation, our appellate review is limited to proceedings
occurring after the entry of the probation order.
I. Background
In January 2019, Key West police arrested Wurtzel for committing three petit
thefts at stores along Duval Street. Because of his history of felonies for similar
crimes, Wurtzel was charged under section 812.014(3)(c) of the Florida Statutes,2
which enhanced the charges to third-degree felonies. At an April 4, 2019 hearing,
the parties presented to the trial court, and the trial court approved, a negotiated plea
1
In lower tribunal case number 2019-CF-79, the State charged Wurtzel with two
counts of petit theft. In lower tribunal case number 2019-CF-86, the State charged
Wurtzel with one count of petit theft. In its probation revocation order, the trial court
sentenced Wurtzel to thirty months in prison on each of these three counts, with the
sentences to run concurrently.
2
This section reads as follows: “A person who commits petit theft and who has
previously been convicted two or more times of any theft commits a felony of the
third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.” § 812.014(3)(c),
Fla. Stat. (2019).
2
agreement. In the plea agreement, Wurtzel pled guilty to the charges and received a
jail sentence of six months, followed by a probation term of forty-two months.
Pertinent to this appeal, the plea agreement contained, and Wurtzel agreed to, a
provision that required Wurtzel to leave Monroe County after the completion of the
incarceration portion of his sentence, and to remain out of Monroe County during
the forty-two-month probation term.3 The trial court entered an April 4, 2019
probation order that included the “banishment” provision. Wurtzel did not appeal or
otherwise challenge the probation order.
Wurtzel completed his six-month jail sentence and departed Monroe County.
Immediately, however, he violated general conditions of his probation by failing to
obtain his probation officer’s consent to a change of residence and by not providing
his probation officer a change of address. Eventually, he was arrested in Broward
County and returned to Key West.
3
At the April 4, 2019 hearing, the State and Wurtzel’s public defender advocated
for the plea agreement, which contained Wurtzel’s agreement to depart from Monroe
County for the duration of his probation. Wurtzel asked the trial court to approve the
special condition, stating that he had no ties to the community and wished to return
to a homeless shelter in Delray Beach, Florida. A representative of the Department
of Corrections advised the trial court that a homeless shelter could not serve as a
forwarding address. Wurtzel responded that, during his remaining three months in
jail in Key West, he would establish a legitimate forwarding address. With these
stipulations, the trial court overcame some hesitance and approved the plea
agreement.
3
At Wurtzel’s September 12, 2019 probation violation hearing, the trial court
gave Wurtzel a second chance. It entered a September 18, 2019 Order on
Modification of Probation, nunc pro tunc to September 12, 2019, which restored the
April 4, 2019 terms and conditions of probation and added a second special
probation condition to Wurtzel’s probation. This second condition required Wurtzel
to be transported to and to reside in a Broward County alcohol rehabilitation facility
and to remain there until the successful completion of its treatment program. Wurtzel
did not appeal or otherwise challenge this modified probation order. Wurtzel
departed Monroe County a second time and entered the rehabilitation program.
Wurtzel, however, left the program without permission and without completing it.
Arrested in Palm Beach County, he was again returned to Key West to face his
second probation violation hearing.
Wurtzel’s second probation violation hearing occurred on April 24, 2020. The
trial court gave Wurtzel a third chance. On April 29, 2020, the trial court entered a
second Order on Modification of Probation, nunc pro tunc to April 24, 2020, which
restored the terms and conditions of Wurtzel’s probation and ordered him to leave
Monroe County within six days. Wurtzel did not appeal or otherwise challenge this
modified probation order. Wurtzel proceeded to violate probation by remaining in
Monroe County and by not advising his probation officer of both a destination and
proof of departure. He was arrested by Key West police.
4
At his third probation violation hearing, held on September 11, 2020, Wurtzel
explained that he was unable to provide a forwarding address due to the pandemic,
and further that his family in New Jersey was now willing to take him in but he could
not travel to New Jersey under the terms of his probation. The trial court revoked
Wurtzel’s probation and entered the challenged sentencing order. 4 We, sua sponte,
consolidated the appeals of each of the lower tribunal cases, and granted Wurtzel’s
motion to expedite his appeal.
II. Analysis
Wurtzel does not challenge (i) the trial court’s determination that he violated
the special condition of his probation requiring him to leave Monroe County, (ii) the
validity of the trial court’s thirty-month prison sentence, or (iii) any other proceeding
occurring after the trial court’s entry of the April 4, 2019 probation order or its
subsequent modifications. Rather, Wurtzel argues that the agreed-to special
condition of banishment from Monroe County contained in the trial court’s April 4,
2019 probation order – and re-stated in the modifications – is not a valid special
4
The facts demonstrate that Wurtzel’s difficulties in abiding by the conditions of his
probation begin with his ongoing failure to communicate with his probation officer.
As this Court has observed: “Although we recognize that a homeless probationer
may find it challenging to report to his probation officer as directed, homelessness
alone does not justify or excuse a probationer’s failure to report.” Duquesne v. State,
242 So. 3d 1183, 1186 (Fla. 3d DCA 2018).
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condition of probation because there is no nexus between his petit thefts and the
banishment special condition. Biller v. State,
618 So. 2d 734 (Fla. 1993).
In this appeal, however, our review is expressly limited by section 924.06(2)
of the Florida Statutes, which, in relevant part, provides as follows: “An appeal of
an order revoking probation may review only proceedings after the order of
probation.” § 924.06(2), Fla. Stat. (2020) (emphasis added). We therefore do not
reach the issue of, and we express no opinion regarding, the special condition’s
validity, because section 924.06(2) limits the scope of our review of a probation
revocation order only to those proceedings occurring after the issuance of the
probation order. In an appeal of a probation revocation order, an appellate court does
not have appellate jurisdiction to review the validity of the underlying restriction
contained in the probation order. Matthews v. State,
736 So. 2d 72, 74-75 (Fla. 4th
DCA 1999) (en banc); see also Stuart v. State,
353 So. 2d 165, 166 (Fla. 3d DCA
1977). For a defendant to obtain appellate review of the validity of a special
condition of probation, the defendant must appeal the probation order that contains
the condition. State v. Jacobson,
536 So. 2d 373, 375 (Fla. 1988). Not only did
Wurtzel not appeal the probation orders containing the special condition of which
he now complains, he urged the trial court to implement the special condition.
Section 924.06(2)’s restraint on appellate review has an ethical aspect that is
implicated in this case. The statute prevents a criminal defendant from gaining his
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release from incarceration by agreeing to probation conditions, then, after
benefitting from the court’s mercy, challenging the validity of those probation
conditions only upon his violation of such conditions. While Wurtzel purports to
appeal the trial court’s September 11, 2020 sentencing order, his challenge is to the
special condition contained in the trial court’s April 4, 2019 probation order. Section
924.06(2) prevents our review of Wurtzel’s challenge.
III. Conclusion
Wurtzel appeals his probation revocation sentence solely on the basis that
banishment is an invalid special condition of probation. Wurtzel does not appeal
from any proceeding occurring after the trial court’s entry of the April 4, 2019
probation order or its subsequent modifications. Section 924.06(2) limits our scope
of review to proceedings occurring after the trial court’s entry of the probation
orders. As such, we do not have jurisdiction to review Wurtzel’s challenge.
Appeal dismissed.
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