DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
FOURTH DISTRICT
BRANDON GOLDBERG,
Appellant,
v.
UNIVERSAL PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY,
Appellee.
No. 4D19-3202
[September 9, 2020]
Appeal from the Circuit Court for the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit,
Broward County; David Haimes, Judge; L.T. Case No. CACE-18-002460.
Douglas H. Stein of Douglas H. Stein, P.A., Coral Gables, for appellant.
Elizabeth K. Russo and Paulo R. Lima of Russo Appellate Firm, P.A.,
Miami, and Walton Lantaff Schroeder & Carson LLP, Miami, for appellee.
GROSS, J.
Brandon Goldberg appeals a final summary judgment entered in favor
of Universal Property and Casualty Insurance Company in his action for
breach of contract. We affirm in part and reverse in part. Summary
judgment was proper as to the coverage on the dwelling, because Goldberg
did not comply with the policy requirement that he submit a supplemental
claim prior to filing suit; summary judgment was improperly entered on
the personal property claim, because Universal’s denial of all coverage
waived its right to insist on Goldberg’s compliance with the supplemental
claim requirement of the policy.
The Loss and the Relevant Policy Provisions
Goldberg’s condominium unit was damaged by Hurricane Irma on
September 11, 2017. On the date of the loss, the condominium was
insured under a homeowner’s policy issued by Universal. Relevant to this
appeal, the policy provided the following coverages: Coverage A (Dwelling)
and Coverage C (Personal Property).
The policy insures for “direct physical loss to the property described in
Coverages A and C caused by” listed perils, including windstorm or hail.
The “windstorm or hail” coverage
does not include loss to the inside of a building or the property
contained in a building caused by rain, snow, sleet, sand or
dust unless the direct force of wind or hail damages the
building causing an opening in a roof or wall and the
rain, snow, sleet, sand or dust enters through this
opening.
(emphasis added).
The policy was amended by an endorsement titled “Unit Owners
Coverage A,” which modified Coverage A as follows: “We insure against risk
of direct loss to property described in Coverage A, only if that loss is a
physical loss to property.” This endorsement did not impact personal
property coverage under Coverage C.
The policy also contains several other provisions, drawn from Florida
statutes, relevant to this appeal. First, the policy contains an endorsement
requiring an insured to provide Universal with notice of a “supplemental
claim” caused by the peril of windstorm or hurricane:
You must give notice of a claim, a supplemental claim, or
reopened claim for loss or damage caused by the peril of
windstorm or hurricane, with us in accordance with the terms
of this policy and within three years after the hurricane first
made landfall or the windstorm caused the covered damage.
For purposes of this Section, the term “supplemental claim”
or “reopened claim” means any additional claim for
recovery from us for losses from the same hurricane or
windstorm which we have previously adjusted pursuant
to the initial claim. . . .
(emphasis added). This provision tracks section 627.70132, Florida
Statutes (2017).
Second, the policy contains this provision governing loss settlement:
3. Loss Settlement (HO 00 06) property losses are settled as
follows:
…
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a. Personal property at actual cash value at the time of loss
but not more than the amount required to repair or replace.
b. Coverage A – Dwelling:
(1) At the actual cost to repair or replace.
(2) We will initially pay at least the actual cash value of
the insured loss, less any applicable deductible. We will
then pay any remaining amounts necessary to perform such
repairs as work is performed and expenses are incurred,
subject to b.(1) above and this item b.(2).
(emphasis added).
Finally, the policy contains a “no action” clause stating that “[n]o action
can be brought unless the policy provisions have been complied with and
the action is started within five (5) years after the date of loss.”
Universal’s Inspection and Estimate
On September 28, 2017, Goldberg submitted a Property Loss Notice to
Universal, describing the loss as follows: “Irma caused water damage.
Condo association didn’t secure door due to recent renovation. Once
hurricane came[,] wind forces seeped water into baseboard, lower walls,
wooden floors started to blister/swell and furniture, carpet, personal
property damaged throughout unit.”
On October 14, 2017, an adjuster inspected Goldberg’s condominium
on Universal’s behalf. The next day, the adjuster completed an estimate
stating that the replacement cost value for the loss to the dwelling was
$12,960.80, which, after depreciation, reflected an actual cash value of
$9,158.43. After subtracting the $1,000 deductible, the estimate arrived
at a net claim value of $8,158.43.
The estimate did not include any payment for damage to personal
property. Two photographs the adjuster submitted to Universal contained
the notation that “[p]ersonal property damaged by wind driven rain, no
coverage under the policy.” In a deposition, Universal’s corporate
representative testified that there was no coverage for Goldberg’s personal
property because there was “no storm-created opening.” The
representative elaborated that “[t]he field adjuster did not observe any
storm-created opening.” The representative conceded that Universal had
not relied upon any sort of causation expert to make its coverage decision
with respect to coverage for personal property.
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Universal’s Payment to Goldberg
On October 16, 2017, Universal issued a payment to Goldberg in the
amount of $8,158.43, which was its estimate of the actual cash value of
the loss, less the $1,000 deductible.
That same day, Universal sent Goldberg a letter advising him that his
policy included “a replacement cost option for the dwelling portion of the
loss.” The letter explained that “depreciation has been applied and is
recoverable as work is performed and expenses are incurred,” and that
“[t]he total of your recoverable depreciation would be up to $3,802.37.”
The letter further stated: “Once any additional expenses are verified, we
will evaluate your eligibility for disbursement of the recoverable
depreciation.”
Pre-Suit Communications with Universal
About three weeks later, Goldberg called Universal and “advised that
he had a proposal which was higher than” Universal’s estimate. Universal
asked Goldberg to forward the proposal, but he never did. Universal’s
corporate representative testified that Universal never received an estimate
from Goldberg, that Goldberg never asked Universal to pay a specific
amount, that Goldberg never submitted an inventory form for damaged
contents, and that for Universal to have paid additional amounts in this
case would have required the company to guess the amount that Goldberg
claimed in additional damages.
On December 21, 2017, Goldberg’s counsel sent Universal a letter of
representation, requesting various categories of documents related to the
claim. The letter stated that “this office is requesting this information prior
to commencing any litigation in the interest of attempting to amicably
resolve this matter.” The attorney’s letter did not provide Universal with a
supplemental claim or a damage estimate.
Universal did not provide any documents in response to Goldberg’s
counsel’s letter. On January 30, 2018, an attorney for Goldberg called
Universal requesting to know the status of the claim.
The Pleadings
The next day, Goldberg filed a one-count complaint against Universal
for breach of contract, alleging that Universal “underpaid the claim,”
“refused to pay the full value of the claim,” and “materially breached the
Policy by failing to pay all of the benefits due and owing.”
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Universal filed an answer and affirmative defenses, contending that it
had “accepted coverage and fully paid all covered damages under the
policy.” As an affirmative defense, Universal asserted that Goldberg never
filed a supplemental claim and never provided Universal with a separate
estimate prior to filing suit.
Universal’s Motion for Summary Judgment and Goldberg’s
Response
After discovery, Universal moved for summary judgment on Goldberg’s
failure to submit a supplemental claim. Universal argued that it was
entitled to summary judgment because Goldberg did not submit an
estimate or a supplemental claim prior to filing suit.
Goldberg filed a response to the motion for summary judgment,
contending that he was not required to submit a supplemental claim
because Universal breached the policy by (1) failing to issue payment for
at least the actual cash value of the insured loss, less any deductible, as
required by both the policy and section 627.7011(3), Florida Statutes, and
(2) failing to issue payment for the loss to his personal property.
At the hearing on the motion for summary judgment, the trial judge
focused on whether there was any record evidence of a breakdown in the
claims process before Goldberg filed suit.
Ultimately, the trial court granted Universal’s motion for summary
judgment, ruling that “[p]laintiff failed to submit a supplemental claim as
required by the terms and conditions of the subject policy and Florida law,
with resulting prejudice to Defendant.” The trial court denied Goldberg’s
motion for rehearing, but clarified that nothing in its ruling would preclude
Goldberg from “filing a supplemental claim as permitted under the subject
policy.”
Summary Judgment Standard
The standard of review of an order granting summary judgment is de
novo. Gomez v. Fradin,
41 So. 3d 1068, 1071 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010). A
movant is entitled to summary judgment “if the pleadings and summary
judgment evidence on file show that there is no genuine issue as to any
material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a
matter of law.” Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.510(c). “[T]he burden is upon the party
moving for summary judgment to show conclusively the complete absence
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of any genuine issue of material fact.” Albelo v. S. Bell,
682 So. 2d 1126,
1129 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996).
Goldberg was Required to File a Supplemental Claim with
Universal before Filing his Lawsuit for Alleged Underpayment of
the Loss to the Dwelling
The threshold issue is whether Goldberg was required to submit a
supplemental claim before filing suit for additional payment for the loss to
the dwelling. The policy’s “no action” clause stated that no action could
be brought against Universal unless Goldberg complied with the policy
conditions. Based on the policy language drawn from a Florida statute,
we hold that Goldberg was required to file a supplemental claim setting
forth those damages he sought in excess of what the insurance company
had already paid.
The policy in this case states that one of the insured’s duties after loss
is to notify Universal of a “supplemental claim” caused by the peril of
windstorm or hurricane within three years of the storm making landfall.
The policy defines a “supplemental claim” for the purpose of this section
as “any additional claim for recovery from us for losses from the same
hurricane or windstorm which we have previously adjusted pursuant to
the initial claim.” This definition tracks the definition of a “supplemental
claim” set forth in section 627.70132, Florida Statutes, which states in
pertinent part:
A claim, supplemental claim, or reopened claim under an
insurance policy that provides property insurance . . . for loss
or damage caused by the peril of windstorm or hurricane is
barred unless notice of the claim, supplemental claim, or
reopened claim was given to the insurer in accordance with
the terms of the policy within 3 years after the hurricane first
made landfall or the windstorm caused the covered damage.
For purposes of this section, the term “supplemental claim” or
“reopened claim” means any additional claim for recovery
from the insurer for losses from the same hurricane or
windstorm which the insurer has previously adjusted
pursuant to the initial claim.
§ 627.70132, Fla. Stat. (2017) (emphasis added).
Here, the record shows that Universal “previously adjusted” Goldberg’s
initial claim after he filed the Property Loss Notice in September 2017, and
then promptly paid $8,158.43 on that claim. After Universal had
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“previously adjusted” the initial claim, any request by Goldberg for
additional payment for losses from the same hurricane fell within the
meaning of an “additional claim for recovery . . . for losses from the same
hurricane” which Universal had “previously adjusted.” Thus, under the
terms of the policy, Goldberg was required to notify Universal that he
claimed further damages from Hurricane Irma.
We distinguish this case from the two cases upon which Goldberg
relies, Chavez v. Tower Hill Signature Insurance Co.,
278 So. 3d 231 (Fla.
3d DCA 2019), and Milhomme v. Tower Hill Signature Insurance Co.,
227
So. 3d 724 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017), as neither case applied the definition of a
“supplemental claim” applicable to hurricane losses set forth in the
Universal policy and in section 627.70132.
Milhomme was a case where the insurer paid its own estimate of the
insureds’ claim for water damage and stated that it would consider
“supplemental claims for any damages discovered in the covered
reconstruction and repair” of the insured property. 227 So. 3d at 725.
The Third District concluded that the insureds’ claim for the amount of
their independent adjuster’s estimate “was not a ‘supplemental claim,’ or
one for ‘damages discovered in the covered reconstruction and repair’ of
the property.” Id. Rather, the claim “addressed the original casualty event
and the amounts contended to be necessary to repair and restore the direct
physical loss to the covered property.” Id.
Similarly, Chavez involved an insurance claim for water damage from
a broken drain line. 278 So. 3d at 233. The Third District held that an
insured’s second lawsuit seeking damages arising out of the same loss as
the first lawsuit was barred by res judicata, even though the trial court’s
order granting summary judgment in the first lawsuit allowed the insured
to submit “supplemental claims.” Id. The Third District ultimately
concluded that a “supplemental claim” under the “unique facts” of Chavez
meant an “additional claim” after the insured had commenced repairs
arising out of damages for a covered loss and after the insurer’s initial
payment of its determination of the actual cash value. Id. at 241.
Neither Milhomme nor Chavez are on point here. Neither case involved
hurricane or windstorm losses, so neither would have invoked the
definition of “supplemental claim” in section 627.70132, which applies
only to hurricane or windstorm losses. Neither case applied the definition
of a “supplemental claim” contained in the policy here at issue. The
definition of “supplemental claim” in this case is broader than the
definitions applied in Chavez and Milhomme. In those cases, the definition
of a “supplemental claim” was limited to an additional claim made after an
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insured had commenced repairs. By contrast, the definition of a
“supplemental claim” in this case encompasses “any additional claim for
recovery” for losses from the same hurricane which Universal had
“previously adjusted pursuant to the initial claim”—whether or not the
insured had commenced making repairs.
Thus, to the extent Goldberg sought additional payment for his losses
from the same hurricane after the adjustment of his initial claim, the policy
required him to submit a “supplemental claim,” which is an “additional
claim for recovery.” A competing estimate by an insured’s independent
adjuster, or by a prospective contractor, which is submitted to the insurer
would fall within this definition of a “supplemental claim.”
Universal’s Conduct Did Not Excuse the Requirement that Goldberg
File a Supplemental Claim
We next address whether the requirement that Goldberg submit a
supplemental claim was excused because Universal breached the
insurance policy by not paying the actual cash value of the loss to the
dwelling. Under the facts of this case, we hold that Universal was not in
breach of the insurance policy.
A material breach of a contract “by one party may be considered a
discharge of the other party’s obligations thereunder.” Nacoochee Corp. v.
Pickett,
948 So. 2d 26, 30 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006); see also Mercury Ins. Co. of
Fla. v. Anatkov,
929 So. 2d 624, 627 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006) (holding that
where the insurer first breached the policy by denying coverage which
actually existed, the insured was no longer bound by the policy provision
prohibiting settlement).
The policy in this case contains a provision tracking section
627.7011(3), Florida Statutes (2017). Subsection (3)(a), which applies to
replacement-cost homeowner’s policies, states that “[f]or a dwelling, the
insurer must initially pay at least the actual cash value of the insured loss,
less any applicable deductible.” In applying this statute, we agree with the
approach taken by the Third District, which that court summarized in
Vazquez v. Southern Fidelity Property & Casualty, Inc.,
230 So. 3d 1242,
1243 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017):
Section 627.7011(3) requires payment of actual cash
value—not merely the insurance company’s estimate of
actual cash value. Where, as here, there is a genuine issue
of material fact as to the amount of actual cash value, the
insurance company has sent the homeowners a letter
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indicating it does not intend to make any additional payments
unless and until repairs are made, and the homeowners have
brought an action challenging whether the insurance
company paid actual cash value as required by the policy and
statute, summary judgment may not be granted in favor of the
insurance company.
(emphasis added); see also Siegel v. Tower Hill Signature Ins. Co.,
225 So.
3d 974, 978 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017); Francis v. Tower Hill Prime Ins. Co.,
224
So. 3d 259, 262 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017).
This case is different than the Third District cases because in each of
the cases cited in the preceding paragraph, the insured submitted a
competing estimate of damages to the insurance company before filing
suit. While an insurer’s unilateral determination of the cash value of a
loss does not entitle it to summary judgment in the face of a competing
estimate of damages, the insurer should not be deemed to have breached
the contract where it accepted coverage and paid the only estimate it
received of the actual cash value of the loss.
Where Universal paid its own estimate of the actual cash value of the
loss to the dwelling, Goldberg’s breach of contract action with respect to
that loss was premature when he filed suit without having first submitted
a supplemental claim, a competing estimate, or even a demand letter
specifying the claim to inform Universal of the amount of additional
benefits to which he believed he was entitled.
Goldberg was Not Required to File a Supplemental Claim after
Universal Denied all Coverage for his Personal Property Loss
The final issue is whether Goldberg was required to submit a
supplemental claim after Universal denied coverage for his personal
property loss. 1
An insurer’s repudiation of coverage waives the insurer’s right to insist
upon the insured’s compliance with policy conditions, such as filing a
proof of loss. See Bryant v. GeoVera Specialty Ins. Co.,
271 So. 3d 1013,
1021 (Fla. 4th DCA 2019). “[W]here an insurer’s ‘denial of liability is based
upon grounds other than failure to furnish a notice or proof of loss, such
1 We conclude that Goldberg adequately preserved the argument that a
supplemental claim was not required where no payment was issued for personal
property.
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denial is tantamount to a waiver of the policy requirements.’”
Id. (quoting
Keel v. Indep. Life & Acc. Ins. Co.,
99 So. 2d 225, 227 (Fla. 1957)).
Here, by failing to pay any amount for the personal property loss,
Universal effectively denied coverage for that loss. Such a denial of
coverage waives the insurer’s right to insist upon the insured’s compliance
with policy conditions, such as submitting supplemental claims. For this
reason, the trial court erred in granting summary judgment on the
personal property loss on the sole ground that Goldberg did not submit a
supplemental claim for the personal property loss. 2
Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded for further proceedings.
ARTAU, J., and SCHOSBERG FEUER, SAMANTHA, Associate Judge, concur.
* * *
Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
2 Universal’s argument that Goldberg’s claim for personal property damage was
not covered by the policy cannot support the summary judgment, because this
is a coverage issue that was not raised in Universal’s motion for summary
judgment. See, e.g., Hurchalla v. Homeowners Choice Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co.,
281
So. 3d 510, 513 (Fla. 4th DCA 2019) (stating that “[i]t is reversible error to enter
summary judgment on a ground not raised with particularity in the motion for
summary judgment”).
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