HIALEAH HOSPITAL, INC. v. JOSHUA MISIUS HAYES-BOURSIQUOT, etc. ( 2021 )


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  •       Third District Court of Appeal
    State of Florida
    Opinion filed March 24, 2021.
    Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
    ________________
    No. 3D20-0050
    Lower Tribunal No. 15-24325
    ________________
    Hialeah Hospital, Inc.,
    Appellant,
    vs.
    Joshua Misius Hayes-Boursiquot, etc.,
    Appellee.
    An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Abby
    Cynamon, Judge.
    Falk, Waas, Hernandez, Solomon, Mendlestein & Davis P.A., and
    Glenn P. Falk and Scott L. Mendlestein and Khristen S. Vachal-Reese;
    Greenberg Traurig, P.A., and Elliot H. Scherker and Brigid F. Cech Samole
    and Katherine M. Clemente, for appellant.
    Law Offices of Alan Goldfarb, P.A., and Alan Goldfarb and David C.
    Appleby; Joel S. Perwin, P.A., and Joel S. Perwin; R. Fred Lewis
    (Tallahassee), for appellee.
    Before LINDSEY, MILLER and BOKOR, JJ.
    BOKOR, J.
    Hialeah Hospital, Inc. (“Appellant” or “Hialeah Hospital”) urges reversal
    of the jury verdict in favor of The Estate of Arleisha Hayes (“Appellee” or “the
    Estate”) based on the trial court’s refusal to permit the exercise of a defense
    peremptory challenge of an African-American potential juror.            Hialeah
    Hospital also argues the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to grant
    a new trial after allowing inadmissible expert testimony during trial. 1 For the
    reasons that follow, we affirm.
    I.    FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
    On January 28, 2014, Arleisha Hayes was admitted to Hialeah Hospital
    for respiratory failure and acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Over the
    course of several days, Ms. Hayes’s medical condition deteriorated,
    eventually reaching a critical point requiring a rapid response by hospital
    staff. On February 7th, 2014, Hialeah Hospital’s house physician 2 evaluated
    Ms. Hayes, ultimately deciding not to recommend further intervention. Sadly,
    despite the emergent response, Ms. Hayes passed.              The Estate sued
    1
    Hialeah Hospital also appeals the trial court’s refusal to grant a directed
    verdict based on lack of causation. The record demonstrates competent
    substantial evidence to support causation. Accordingly, we summarily affirm
    on this ground. See Graham Companies v. Amado, 
    305 So. 3d 572
    , 575-77
    (Fla. 3d DCA 2020).
    2
    It is worth noting that a house physician is not licensed to practice medicine.
    Instead, pursuant to state law and Hialeah Hospital’s policies, a house
    physician must be supervised by a licensed physician at all times.
    2
    Hialeah Hospital for negligence, alleging that its failure to properly assess
    and treat the decedent’s later-discovered pneumonia caused or contributed
    to her death.
    Prior to trial, the parties agreed not to reference the licensed physicians
    who cared for Ms. Hayes (the “Pretrial Agreement”).3              Nonetheless,
    Appellant’s counsel repeatedly discussed the involvement of numerous
    licensed physicians despite the Pretrial Agreement. Similarly, Appellee’s
    expert witnesses testified as to the attending licensed physician’s failure to
    supervise the house physician during the rapid response and to prescribe
    medicine. During trial, Appellee’s expert witness also testified as to the
    illegality of the house physician’s practice of medicine without a license
    based on her understanding as a licensed physician. 4 Upon objection, the
    trial court provided a curative instruction explaining to the jury that a doctor
    was unable to opine as to legal matters. Thereafter, the jury returned a
    verdict in favor of the Estate.
    3
    In pertinent part, the Pretrial Agreement provided that “there will be no
    evidence, testimony, claims, arguments, references, or suggestions made
    during the course of the proceeding that would suggest or lead to any
    inference of fault or liability as to the care and treatment rendered by any of
    Arleisha Hayes’ Florida licensed treating physicians.”
    4
    Appellee’s expert witness also discussed the house physician’s “arrogance
    and willingness to disobey” in a video deposition which was improperly edited
    and presented to the jury.
    3
    II.   ANALYSIS
    Hialeah Hospital seeks a new trial based on the following purported
    errors: (a) sustaining a Melbourne challenge 5 to a defense peremptory strike;
    and (b) allowing inadmissible and prejudicial expert testimony. We address
    each issue in turn.
    a. Melbourne Challenge
    During jury selection, Appellant’s counsel sought to exercise
    peremptory challenges to excuse three potential jurors belonging to a
    protected class based on race, specifically, one Haitian-American and two
    5
    See Melbourne v. State, 
    679 So. 2d 759
    , 764 (Fla. 1996). Melbourne
    established the following guidelines for a trial court’s evaluation of whether
    an impermissible race-based motive underlies a party’s peremptory
    challenge:
    [Step 1.] A party objecting to the other side’s use of a peremptory
    challenge on racial grounds must: a) make a timely objection on
    that basis, b) show that the venireperson is a member of a
    distinct racial group, and c) request that the court ask the striking
    party its reason for the strike.
    [Step 2.] At this point, the burden of production shifts to the
    proponent of the strike to come forward with a race-neutral
    explanation.
    [Step 3.] If the explanation is facially race-neutral and the court
    believes that, given all the circumstances surrounding the strike,
    the explanation is not a pretext, the strike will be sustained.
    Julmice v. State, 
    14 So. 3d 1199
    , 1203 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009).
    4
    African-American potential jurors. 6 Appellant takes issue on appeal with only
    the third peremptory challenge in which the trial court upheld Appellee’s third
    Melbourne challenge. In sustaining this Melbourne challenge, the trial court
    found what it considered to be an impermissible pattern of peremptory
    challenges based on race. Accordingly, we examine the trial record to
    discern whether the trial court abused its discretion in finding an
    impermissible pattern of striking jurors based on race.
    In each of the three Melbourne challenges, Appellee’s counsel timely
    objected, noted that each challenged potential juror was a member of a
    protected class based on race, and sought a race-neutral and non-pretextual
    reason for the peremptory challenge. For the Melbourne challenge related
    to the first potential juror, Appellant’s counsel proffered the race-neutral
    explanation that this potential juror expressed a devotion to policies and
    procedures in the context of her employment as a baker at Whole Foods.
    Counsel explained that he exercised a peremptory challenge on this
    potential juror because policies and procedures would feature heavily during
    trial. The trial court found this explanation race-neutral and non-pretextual
    and overruled the Melbourne challenge. For the second challenged potential
    6
    Notably, the decedent was identified by the Estate’s counsel as “Haitian
    and African-American.”
    5
    juror, Appellant’s counsel proffered that this potential juror’s employment as
    hospital staff and relationship with a nurse rendered him unsuitable. After
    consideration, the trial court found the explanation pretextual and sustained
    the Melbourne objection.
    Finally, for the third Melbourne challenge, the only one challenged on
    appeal, Appellant’s counsel proffered the race-neutral explanation that he
    sought to strike this potential juror due to his training and experience in the
    medical field as a licensed practical nurse. In this case, the trial court found
    that Appellant’s race-neutral explanation was not genuine due to an
    impermissible pattern of seeking to excuse potential jurors based on race. 7
    Accordingly, the trial court sustained the Melbourne objection.
    The trial court’s focus during a Melbourne challenge is not “the
    reasonableness of the asserted nonracial motive . . . [but] rather . . . the
    genuineness of the motive[,] . . . . a finding which turn[s] primarily on an
    assessment of credibility.” Melbourne, 
    679 So. 2d at 764
     (internal quotations
    omitted) (emphasis in original).      This Court evaluates the trial court’s
    assessment of credibility under a clearly-erroneous standard of review. See
    Melendez v. State, 
    787 So. 2d 918
    , 920 (Fla. 3d DCA 2001); see also Pringle
    7
    In considering, and rejecting, Appellant’s race-neutral explanation and
    assessing credibility, the trial court noted that “[a] pattern of striking members
    of a racial group is relevant to the Court’s determination.”
    6
    v. State, 
    792 So. 2d 533
    , 536 (Fla. 3d DCA 2001). It is well established that
    a juror’s occupation can be the foundation of a proper peremptory challenge.
    See Landis v. State, 
    143 So. 3d 974
    , 979 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014); see also
    James v. State, 
    768 So. 2d 1221
    , 1223 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000). Here, however,
    the record demonstrates that Appellant’s counsel exercised three
    peremptory challenges in a row on members of a race-protected class
    matching the decedent’s identification. Additionally, the trial court found the
    proffered reasons for two of three such challenges pretextual. Accordingly,
    there is sufficient record evidence to support the trial court’s credibility
    assessments such that they may not be disturbed under the clearly-
    erroneous standard.
    Moreover, a trial court may consider logical implications in evaluating
    the likelihood of racial discrimination where a pattern exists. See Sparks v.
    Allstate Const., Inc., 
    16 So. 3d 161
    , 164 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009). A trial court’s
    finding of pretext premised on a pattern will survive review under an abuse
    of discretion standard where, as here, the “transcript demonstrates a
    systematic use of [peremptory challenges], followed by what seem to be
    quickly-contrived excuses for the strikes, in a manner calculated to exclude
    African Americans from serving on the jury.” Id.; see also Melbourne, 
    679 So. 2d at 765
     (noting that this court’s review is guided by “reason and
    7
    common sense”). As such, we find that the trial court properly exercised its
    discretion in sustaining a Melbourne challenge based on an impermissible
    pattern of striking potential jurors based on race.
    b. Expert Testimony
    We review the denial of a motion for a new trial for abuse of discretion.
    50 State Sec. Serv., Inc. v. Giangrandi, 
    132 So. 3d 1128
    , 1133 (Fla. 3d DCA
    2013). First, Appellant argues that the trial court’s refusal to enforce the
    Pretrial Agreement and subsequent denial of its motion for a new trial
    constitutes reversable error.      In response, Appellee argues Appellant
    “opened the door” once it introduced evidence and testimony in
    contravention of the stipulation. While a pretrial stipulation should be strictly
    enforced, LPI/Key W. Assocs., Ltd. v. Beachcomber Jewelers, Inc., 
    77 So. 3d 852
    , 854 (Fla. 3d DCA 2012), a trial court has broad discretion due to its
    unique vantage point both to determine the scope of an alleged violation, if
    any, and the appropriate remedy. See Jennings v. State, 
    124 So. 3d 257
    ,
    266 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013) (“Being present in the courtroom and having listened
    to the witnesses, examined the exhibits, heard the arguments, and observed
    the jurors, the trial judge was in the best position to gauge the impact of the
    improper arguments on the entire trial.”).
    8
    In its order, the trial court found mistrial unwarranted, noting “that both
    parties elicited testimony about other doctors and the actions they took.”
    Here, the record supports the trial court’s determination that both parties
    violated the Pretrial Agreement on numerous occasions.            We therefore
    conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding that the
    stipulation violations did not warrant a new trial.
    Second, Appellant argues the trial court erred in refusing to grant a
    new trial after allowing inadmissible and unduly prejudicial testimony.
    Namely, Appellant contends references to the house physician’s “arrogance,
    willingness to disobey and illegal behavior” merit a new trial. However, a trial
    court should only grant a mistrial when the error is prejudicial enough to
    vitiate the entire trial. Ward v. State, 
    306 So. 3d 1004
    , 1007 (Fla. 3d DCA
    2020). As we explained in Ward,
    In order to grant a mistrial based on impermissible trial testimony
    from a witness, the witness’s comments must either deprive the
    defendant of a fair and impartial trial, materially contribute to the
    conviction, be so harmful or fundamentally tainted as to require
    a new trial, or be so inflammatory that they might have influenced
    the jury to reach a more severe verdict than that it would have
    otherwise.
    
    Id.
     (internal citations omitted); see also Talley v. State, 
    260 So. 3d 562
    , 568
    (Fla. 3d DCA 2019) (explaining that mere prejudicial error does not merit
    reversal of a trial court’s determination).
    9
    In this case, it appears the expert witness’s deposition was
    inadvertently presented to the jury as an isolated part of trial. In other words,
    the video deposition remarking on the house physician’s “arrogance and
    willingness to disobey” did not become the “focus of the trial.” Ward, 306 So.
    3d at 1007. As such, Appellant was not deprived of a fair trial. Further, “this
    is particularly true where an appropriate curative instruction is given.” Id.
    Here, the record reflects that the trial court provided a curative instruction
    after Appellee’s expert witness testified as to the illegality of practicing
    medicine without a license. See Jennings, 
    124 So. 3d at 266
     (“Generally
    speaking, the use of a curative instruction to dispel the prejudicial effect of
    an objectionable comment is sufficient.”). Accordingly, we find that the trial
    court did not abuse its discretion in issuing a curative instruction instead of
    granting mistrial.
    Affirmed.
    10