Lundquist v. State ( 2022 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO
Docket No. 48741
STEPHEN WILLIAM LUNDQUIST, )
) Filed: October 12, 2022
Petitioner-Appellant, )
) Melanie Gagnepain, Clerk
v. )
) THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED
STATE OF IDAHO, ) OPINION AND SHALL NOT
) BE CITED AS AUTHORITY
Respondent. )
)
Appeal from the District Court of the Fourth Judicial District, State of Idaho, Ada
County. Hon. Jonathan Medema, District Judge.
Judgment summarily dismissing petition for post-conviction relief, affirmed.
Riggins Law, P.A.; Paul E. Riggins, Boise, for appellant.
Hon. Lawrence G. Wasden, Attorney General; John C. McKinney, Deputy
Attorney General, Boise, for respondent.
________________________________________________
BRAILSFORD, Judge
Stephen William Lundquist appeals from the district court’s summary dismissal of his
petition for post-conviction relief. We affirm.
I.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In the underlying criminal case, the State charged Lundquist in 2014 with felony stalking
(2014 stalking case). After a jury found him guilty, the district court imposed a five-year sentence
with two years determinate, suspended the sentence, and placed Lundquist on probation for five
years. While on probation, Lundquist entered into a relationship with GSL, and in 2018, Lundquist
pled guilty to stalking her. Following this plea, the court entered a no-contact order (NCO)
prohibiting Lundquist’s contact with GSL. Several months later, Lundquist’s probation officer
found GSL at Lundquist’s home. As a result, the State charged Lundquist with violating the NCO
1
(the NCO case) and filed a motion for probation violation in Lundquist’s 2014 stalking case,
alleging he violated the NCO, consumed alcohol, and possessed marijuana.1
Before the trial in the NCO case, GSL filed a motion to quash the NCO and submitted a
letter in support. During the hearing on that motion, however, GSL withdrew the motion and
stated “in open court” that Lundquist had actually drafted the letter and that it contained falsehoods.
Following this hearing, Detective Dozier interviewed GSL in March 2019 about the false statement
Lundquist had prepared.2 Thereafter, GSL testified at the trial in the NCO case, and the jury found
Lundquist guilty of violating the NCO.
After Lundquist was convicted in the NCO case, the district court held a hearing in April
2019 on the State’s motion for probation violation in the 2014 stalking case. At the beginning of
the hearing, Lundquist’s counsel stated that “there was a plea agreement as to the probation
violation admission”; “Lundquist will admit allegation No. 1 of the motion for probation
violation,” which alleged Lundquist violated the law by violating the NCO; and the State “would
dismiss the remaining allegations.”
Following these statements, the district court asked whether Lundquist wanted to admit
that he willfully violated the conditions of his probation, and Lundquist responded, “Yes, Your
Honor.” The court then asked whether Lundquist admitted to violating the law by violating the
NCO, and again Lundquist responded, “Yes, Your Honor.” Based on Lundquist’s admission, the
court revoked his probation and executed the sentence in the 2014 stalking case without having an
evidentiary hearing on the alleged probation violations.
A few months later, on June 12, 2019, Detective Dozier met with Lundquist to question
him about the letter he purportedly falsified in support of GSL’s motion to quash the NCO.
Subsequently, in October 2019, Lundquist learned during discovery in a separate criminal case
about a police report Detective Dozier prepared (the Dozier report) regarding Lundquist’s alleged
1
This motion was the State’s third motion for probation violations in the 2014 stalking case.
After the district court initially placed Lundquist on probation, it found he violated the terms of
his probation, revoked probation, retained jurisdiction, and eventually returned Lundquist to
probation. Later, Lundquist admitted to violating his probation a second time, but the court did
not revoke his probation.
2
Sometime after this interview, the State charged Lundquist with preparing false evidence
and intimidating a witness.
2
falsification of evidence in the NCO case.3 The Dozier report summarized in writing Detective
Dozier’s interview with GSL in March 2019 and his subsequent interview with Lundquist on
June 12. The Dozier report is dated “6/12/2019.”
In June 2020, Lundquist filed a petition for post-conviction relief in this case, challenging
the district court’s revocation of his probation in the 2014 stalking case. In his petition, Lundquist
alleges that:
The State never revealed the audio recording of the interview [of GSL by
Detective Dozier], the existence of the [Dozier report], the contents of the report,
the fact that the interview occurred, the knowledge possessed by law enforcement
agents of the [S]tate, or any summary of the interview, to the defense prior to [the]
jury trial [in the NCO case].
Further, Lundquist alleges “the interview revealed [GSL] was not honest under oath” at the
trial in the NCO case and “contained substantial specific and general impeachment information
which the defense could have utilized to impeach [GSL].” As a result, Lundquist alleged that the
State engaged in prosecutorial misconduct in the NCO case and that he had filed a petition for
post-conviction relief in that case, seeking to have his conviction for violating the NCO vacated.
Finally, Lundquist alleged if he “obtains the vacation of his conviction in [the NCO case], there
would be no criminal law violation upon which his probation could be revoked [in the 2014
stalking case].” Relying on Idaho Code § 19-4901(a)(4), Lundquist requests in his petition in this
case that “his probation violation conviction” in the 2014 stalking case be vacated.
The State filed a motion for summary dismissal of Lundquist’s post-conviction petition.
After a hearing on the motion, the district court entered a written decision granting the motion. It
ruled that Lundquist failed to plead a claim for relief under I.C. § 19-4901(4) because “he simply
wants to be returned to probation” in the 2014 stalking case. The court construed Lundquist’s
claim as seeking relief under I.C. § 19-4901(5) and concluded Lundquist failed to make “a cogent
argument that violation of his constitutional right in [the NCO case] can somehow result in a
successful collateral attack on a completely different proceeding” in the 2014 stalking case.
Nevertheless, the district court “discern[ed]” that “Lundquist is claiming his probation was
unlawfully revoked because the State failed to disclose the contents of the tape recording [of
Dozier’s interview with GSL] prior to his entering an admission [to a probation violation] in the
3
Lundquist learned about the Dozier report in the discovery of the case charging him with
preparing false evidence and intimidating a witness.
3
[2014] stalking case.” Considering this issue, the court concluded it “is not persuaded that the
State has an obligation to produce Brady[4] material in a probation revocation proceeding.”
Regardless, the court concluded that, even if the State had such an obligation, the State’s failure to
produce Brady material did not prejudice Lundquist because “a reasonable person in [his] position
would not have insisted on the probation evidentiary hearing even if the interview had been
disclosed to him.” In reaching this conclusion, the court found that “Lundquist has not provided
[the] court with [the Dozier report] nor the audio recording” of Dozier’s interview with GSL in
March 2019.
Lundquist timely appeals the summary dismissal of his petition for post-conviction relief.
II.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
A petition for post-conviction relief initiates a proceeding that is civil in nature. I.C. § 19-
4907; Rhoades v. State, 148 Idaho 247, 249, 220 P.3d 1066, 1068 (2009); State v. Bearshield, 104
Idaho 676, 678, 662 P.2d 548, 550 (1983); Murray v. State, 121 Idaho 918, 921, 828 P.2d 1323,
1326 (Ct. App. 1992). Like a plaintiff in a civil action, the petitioner must prove by a
preponderance of evidence the allegations upon which the request for post-conviction relief is
based. Goodwin v. State, 138 Idaho 269, 271, 61 P.3d 626, 628 (Ct. App. 2002). A petition for
post-conviction relief differs from a complaint in an ordinary civil action. Dunlap v. State, 141
Idaho 50, 56, 106 P.3d 376, 382 (2004). A petition must contain much more than a short and plain
statement of the claim that would suffice for a complaint under I.R.C.P. 8(a)(1). Rather, a petition
for post-conviction relief must be verified with respect to facts within the personal knowledge of
the petitioner, and affidavits, records, or other evidence supporting its allegations must be attached
or the petition must state why such supporting evidence is not included with the petition. I.C. § 19-
4903. In other words, the petition must present or be accompanied by admissible evidence
supporting its allegations, or the petition will be subject to dismissal. Wolf v. State, 152 Idaho 64,
67, 266 P.3d 1169, 1172 (Ct. App. 2011).
Idaho Code Section 19-4906 authorizes summary dismissal of a petition for post-
conviction relief, either pursuant to a motion by a party or upon the court’s own initiative, if it
appears from the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions and
4
Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).
4
agreements of fact, together with any affidavits submitted, that there is no genuine issue of material
fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. When considering summary
dismissal, the district court must construe disputed facts in the petitioner’s favor, but the court is
not required to accept either the petitioner’s mere conclusory allegations, unsupported by
admissible evidence, or the petitioner’s conclusions of law. Roman v. State, 125 Idaho 644, 647,
873 P.2d 898, 901 (Ct. App. 1994); Baruth v. Gardner, 110 Idaho 156, 159, 715 P.2d 369, 372
(Ct. App. 1986). Moreover, the district court, as the trier of fact, is not constrained to draw
inferences in favor of the party opposing the motion for summary disposition; rather, the district
court is free to arrive at the most probable inferences to be drawn from uncontroverted evidence.
Hayes v. State, 146 Idaho 353, 355, 195 P.3d 712, 714 (Ct. App. 2008). Such inferences will not
be disturbed on appeal if the uncontroverted evidence is sufficient to justify them. Id.Claims may be summarily dismissed if the petitioner’s allegations are clearly disproven by
the record of the criminal proceedings, if the petitioner has not presented evidence making a prima
facie case as to each essential element of the claims, or if the petitioner’s allegations do not justify
relief as a matter of law. Kelly v. State, 149 Idaho 517, 521, 236 P.3d 1277, 1281 (2010); DeRushé
v. State, 146 Idaho 599, 603, 200 P.3d 1148, 1152 (2009). Thus, summary dismissal of a claim
for post-conviction relief is appropriate when the court can conclude, as a matter of law, that the
petitioner is not entitled to relief even with all disputed facts construed in the petitioner’s favor.
For this reason, summary dismissal of a post-conviction petition may be appropriate even when
the State does not controvert the petitioner’s evidence. See Roman, 125 Idaho at 647, 873 P.2d at
901.
Conversely, if the petition, affidavits, and other evidence supporting the petition allege
facts that, if true, would entitle the petitioner to relief, the post-conviction claim may not be
summarily dismissed. Charboneau v. State, 140 Idaho 789, 792, 102 P.3d 1108, 1111 (2004);
Sheahan v. State, 146 Idaho 101, 104, 190 P.3d 920, 923 (Ct. App. 2008). If a genuine issue of
material fact is presented, an evidentiary hearing must be conducted to resolve the factual issues.
Goodwin, 138 Idaho at 272, 61 P.3d at 629.
On appeal from an order of summary dismissal, we apply the same standards utilized by
the trial courts and examine whether the petitioner’s admissible evidence asserts facts which, if
true, would entitle the petitioner to relief. Ridgley v. State, 148 Idaho 671, 675, 227 P.3d 925, 929
(2010); Sheahan, 146 Idaho at 104, 190 P.3d at 923. Over questions of law, we exercise free
5
review. Rhoades, 148 Idaho at 250, 220 P.3d at 1069; Downing v. State, 136 Idaho 367, 370, 33
P.3d 841, 844 (Ct. App. 2001).
III.
ANALYSIS
Lundquist argues the district court erred by “converting” his claim under I.C. § 19-
4901(a)(4)5 to a claim under I.C. § 19-4901(a)(5).6 In doing so, the court construed Lundquist’s
claim as asserting a Brady violation related to the probation revocation proceeding in the 2014
stalking case. Specifically, the court assumed that the State had an obligation under Brady to
disclose information to Lundquist about Dozier’s March 2019 interview with GSL before the
probation revocation proceeding and that “a violation of that duty is cognizable” for post-
conviction relief.
Contrary to the district court’s assumptions, however, Lundquist’s allegations clearly state
the Brady violation about which Lundquist complains occurred in the NCO case--not in the
probation violation proceeding in the 2014 stalking case. For example, Lundquist alleges in his
petition that the State failed to reveal the information about Dozier’s interview with GSL before
the NCO trial, “engaged in prosecutorial misconduct by not revealing this potentially exculpatory
information” before the NCO trial, and deprived Lundquist “of a fair trial by their [sic] non-
disclosure of exculpatory evidence to the defense” before the NCO trial.
Similarly, Lundquist’s appellate arguments also demonstrate he premises his claim for
post-conviction relief in the 2014 stalking case on an alleged Brady violation in the NCO case.
For example, Lundquist contends his “theory of relief is simple[:] If he had the Dozier report prior
to the [NCO] violation trial, the outcome of the trial would have been different. If the trial had
been different, [then the State] may not have pursued proceedings to violate his probation in the
[2014 stalking] case.” Lundquist argues, “the prosecution was obligated to disclose all impeaching
or exculpatory evidence to [him] prior to [the trial] for violating the [NCO].” Further, he argues
5
Idaho Code § 19-4901(a)(4) provides for post-conviction relief if “there exists evidence of
material facts, not previously presented and heard, that requires vacation of the conviction or
sentence in the interest of justice.”
6
Idaho Code § 19-4901(a)(5) provides for post-conviction relief if the petitioner’s “sentence
has expired, his probation, or conditional release was unlawfully revoked by the court in which he
was convicted [or] he is otherwise unlawfully held in custody or other restraint.”
6
“the real inquiry” for the district court should have been “whether, setting aside the conviction for
violating the [NCO] due to the [Brady] violation, there would have still been enough in the record
to revoke [Lundquist’s] probation” in the 2014 stalking case.
Because Lundquist’s claim clearly seeks post-conviction relief in the 2014 stalking case
for a Brady violation that allegedly occurred in the NCO case, we analyze the claim as such and
conclude that it fails--regardless of whether it arose under I.C. § 19-4901(a)(4) as Lundquist
alleges or under I.C. § 19-4901(a)(5) as the district court analyzed it.7 Ordinarily, whether the
State committed a Brady violation is an issue the court resolves in a post-conviction case seeking
relief from a conviction in an underlying case in which the alleged violation occurred or on direct
appeal from that conviction. In Lundquist’s petition in this case, he alleges he also filed a post-
conviction petition challenging the conviction in the NCO case. Lundquist, however, fails to
provide any proof a court in that case has ruled the State actually committed a Brady violation in
the NCO case. Rather, Lundquist simply notes that “case is pending on appeal.”8 Regardless of
whether Lundquist’s claim is construed under subsection (a)(4) or (a)(5) of I.C. § 19-4901,
Lundquist is not entitled to post-conviction relief for an unproven, assumed Brady violation in
another case.
Further, Lundquist provides neither a cogent argument nor any supporting authority for the
proposition that the district court in this post-conviction case had the authority to resolve whether
a Brady violation actually occurred in the NCO case, which is not the underlying case giving rise
7
Although we do not need to resolve the issue for purposes of this appeal, this Court’s prior
decisions indicate Lundquist could have asserted his claim challenging the probation revocation
under either subsection (a)(4) or (a)(5) of I.C. § 19-4901. In Knutsen v. State, 144 Idaho 433, 440,
163 P.3d 222, 229 (Ct. App. 2007), this Court ruled that “for the purposes of I.C. § 19-4901(a)(4),
the sentencing process includes the probation revocation proceedings.” Similarly, in Lake v. State,
126 Idaho 333, 336, 882 P.2d 988, 991 (Ct. App. 1994), this Court ruled that under I.C. § 19-
4901(a)(5), “post-conviction relief proceedings are available to address a convicted defendant’s
claim that his probation was unlawfully revoked by the court in which he was convicted.”
8
Lundquist’s appeal of the denial of his petition for post-conviction relief from his
conviction in the NCO case is Docket No. 49532. In that case, Lundquist is appealing the district
court’s decision on intermediate appeal affirming the magistrate court’s order denying post-
conviction relief. Following an evidentiary hearing in that case, the magistrate court ruled
Lundquist had failed to establish a Brady violation. Lundquist has not yet filed an opening brief
in Docket No. 49532.
7
to the probation revocation Lundquist challenges here. A party waives an issue on appeal if either
argument or authority is lacking. Powell v. Sellers, 130 Idaho 122, 128, 937 P.2d 434, 440 (Ct.
App. 1997). Regardless, even assuming the district court has such authority, Lundquist failed to
present admissible evidence in this case to establish as genuine issue of material fact that the State
committed a Brady violation in the NCO case.
Establishing a Brady violation requires a three-part showing: (1) the evidence at issue must
be favorable to the accused because it is exculpatory or impeaching; (2) the State must have
suppressed that evidence, either willfully or inadvertently; and (3) prejudice must have ensued.
Strickler v. Greene, 527 U.S. 263, 281-82 (1999). As Lundquist acknowledges, “to establish
prejudice, [he] must show the omitted evidence was material, meaning there was a reasonable
probability of a different result at [the NCO] trial had the [S]tate turned over the Dozier report and
the contents of the interview.” See Baker v. State, 169 Idaho 284, 304, 494 P.3d 1256, 1276 (Ct.
App. 2021) (discussing proof of prejudice element sometimes also referred to as materiality).
Lundquist, however, did not submit admissible evidence in this case to create a material,
factual issue of a reasonable probability of a different result at the NCO trial if the State had
produced in the NCO case the information regarding Detective Dozier’s interview with GSL.
Although Lundquist submitted the Dozier report9 and a transcript of GSL’s testimony at the trial
in the NCO case in support of his petition in this case, this evidence is inadequate to establish a
material factual issue that the State committed a Brady violation in the NCO case for several
reasons. For example, Lundquist did not submit in this case any of the trial evidence in the NCO
case--other than GSL’s testimony. Without the remaining evidence, determining whether there
was a reasonable probability of a different result in the NCO case is not possible. Further,
Lundquist failed to establish that the June 2019 Dozier report (which is dated months after the
9
Lundquist argues the district court erred by concluding he failed to submit the Dozier report
in support of his petition for post-conviction relief. For example, the court concluded, “Lundquist
has not provided this court with Detective Dozier’s report nor the audio recording of his interview
with [GSL]. Therefore, the court can make no findings about what she may have told Detective
Dozier.” The appellate record shows, however, that Lundquist did submit the Dozier report with
his affidavit in support of his petition in this case. Additionally, the Dozier report appears
elsewhere in the record. The court’s failure to review the Dozier report, however, does not affect
our conclusion that Lundquist’s claim for post-conviction relief fails, including because Lundquist
has not shown a material factual issue despite submitting the Dozier report in support of his
petition.
8
March 2019 trial in the NCO case) actually existed at the time of the NCO trial and, if not, what
information regarding Dozier’s interview of GSL did exist for the State to produce under Brady.
Without this information, it is not possible to determine the evidentiary value to Lundquist of what
information the State actually possessed at the time of the trial in the NCO case but did not produce.
Finally, even assuming Lundquist had proven the State actually committed a Brady
violation in the NCO case, that violation does not create a material factual issue that Lundquist’s
probation revocation was unjust or unlawful and must be vacated, as Lundquist’s post-conviction
petition requests. Lundquist argues “the law is clear that a probation revocation in one case that
is derived from a conviction in a separate legal proceeding that is later set aside must be
remedied.” In support, he cites State v. Blake, 133 Idaho 237, 985 P.2d 117 (1999), and State v.
Day, 154 Idaho 649, 301 P.3d 655 (Ct. App. 2013). In both of these cases, the defendant
challenged an order revoking probation after the appellate court reversed the conviction forming
the basis of the probation revocation, and in both cases, the appellate court remanded for a
redetermination of the defendant’s probationary status. Blake, 133 Idaho at 243, 985 P.2d at 123;
Day, 154 Idaho at 651, 301 P.3d at 657. As the Court stated in Day, however:
That [a defendant’s] underlying conviction was vacated does not mean the district
court cannot still revoke probation upon reconsideration of the issue. There is no
requirement that a judgment of conviction be a prerequisite to finding a probation
violation when the alleged violation is the commission of a crime. A probation
violation, unlike a criminal conviction, need not be proven beyond a reasonable
doubt.
Day, 154 Idaho at 651 n.1, 301 P.3d at 657 n.1 (citation omitted).
Indeed, the Idaho Supreme Court in State v. Herren, 157 Idaho 722, 339 P.3d 1126 (2014),
declined to vacate a probation revocation after holding substantial evidence did not support the
conviction on which the trial court based the revocation. In that case, the State charged Herren
with violating a NCO. Id. at 724, 339 P.3d at 1128. After a jury found Herren guilty, he admitted
to violating his probation. Id. On appeal, Herren challenged both the conviction for violating the
NCO and the revocation of his probation based on that conviction. The Court held that substantial
evidence did not support the conviction for the NCO violation. Id. at 725-26, 339 P.3d at 1129-
30. The Court, however, declined to vacate Herren’s probation revocation because Herren had
admitted to violating his probation. Id. at 726, 339 P.3d at 1130. It ruled that “a defendant’s
admission to having violated the terms and conditions of probation constitutes substantial evidence
9
upon which a trial court may rely in finding the existence of a probation violation.” Id. at 727, 339
P.3d at 727.
Similar to Herren, Lundquist admitted to violating his probation by violating the law.
Although Lundquist repeatedly asserts he admitted only to being convicted of violating the NCO,
a review of the record shows he admitted to violating the law by committing the crime of violating
the NCO. For example, during the probation revocation hearing the following exchange occurred:
THE COURT: So are you willing to admit that you violated the law by
committing the crime of violation of a no contact order on
December 31st?
[LUNDQUIST]: Yes, Your Honor.
We also reject Lundquist’s assertion that he did not admit this violation was “willful,” as required
by Idaho Criminal Rule 33(f). At the hearing, the district court expressly inquired whether
Lundquist’s violation was “willful”:
THE COURT: My question here is whether you’re willing to admit that you
were on probation and that you willfully violated the law?
[LUNDQUIST]: Yes, Your Honor.
Lundquist’s admission to willfully violating the NCO is an additional reason to conclude he failed
to establish a genuine issue of material fact that his probation revocation was unjust or unlawful. 10
IV.
CONCLUSION
The district court did not err in summarily dismissing Lundquist’s petition for post-
conviction relief. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment.
Judge GRATTON and Judge HUSKEY CONCUR.
10
On appeal, Lundquist argues that “an admission entered in ignorance of [the facts disclosed
in the Dozier report] may not be knowing and intelligent though it is otherwise voluntary.”
Lundquist, however, did not assert before the district court that his admission was not knowing
and intelligent. See State v. Wilson, 169 Idaho 342, 347, 495 P.3d 1030, 1035 (2021) (providing
preservation of issue requires “both the issue and a party’s position on that issue must be presented
to the trial court”).
10