Western Union Railroad v. Wagner , 65 Ill. 197 ( 1872 )

Mr. Chief Justice Lawrence

delivered the opinion of the Court:

We held in Burton v. Curyea, 40 Ill. 320, that while a warehouse receipt is not negotiable in the sense in which that term is applied to a promissory note, yet the transfer of such a receipt, accompanied by a sale or pledge of the property specified in the receipt, would have the same effect as the delivery of the property to the transferee—neither less nor more. This was b'efore the act of 1867 in regard to warehouses, in which the legislature seems to have made such receipts strictly negotiable. The rule laid down in that case is applicable to bills of lading, and is decisive of the present case.

When the vendor of the butter delivered it at the railway station, and authorized the railway agent to issue a bill of lading to the vendee, he thereby placed the vendee in the possession of the property so far as third persons, knowing nothing of the verbal arrangement, might become interested. The verbal agreement between the vendor, the vendee and the railway agent that the butter should not in fact be shipped until the residue of the purchase money should be paid, may-have been quite sufficient as between the parties, but was not of the slightest avail as against Hewitt, who, without notice of such arrangement, advanced to the vendee the value of the property on the pledge of the receipt. The mistake of the vendor was in consenting that the bill of lading or warehouse receipt—for it might be regarded in either light—should be issued to the purchaser and retained by him. Indeed, after taking the bill of lading or receipt into his own possession for the purpose of stamping it, the vendor delivered it himself to the purchaser. This was precisely the same thing as the delivery of the property would have been, and enabled the purchaser to transfer a good title to any person dealing with him without notice of the conditions annexed to the delivery. This last rule is settled by the cases of Jennings v. Gage, 13 Ill. 611, and Brundage v. Camp, 21 ib. 330. In the last case the authorities are fully reviewed.

The instructions of the court were not in harmony with these principles settled in the several cases above cited, and the judgment must be reversed and the cause remanded.

Judgment reversed.