People v. Jones , 2017 IL App (1st) 143718 ( 2017 )

Digitally signed by
Reporter of Decisions
Illinois Official Reports Reason: I attest to
the accuracy and
integrity of this
document
Appellate Court Date: 2017.10.10
13:31:34 -05'00'
People v. Jones, 2017 IL App (1st) 143718
Appellate Court THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v.
Caption KEVIN JONES, Defendant-Appellant.
District & No. First District, First Division
Docket No. 1-14-3718
Rule 23 order filed June 19, 2017
Motion to publish
allowed July 21, 2017
Opinion filed July 31, 2017
Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 13-CR-4451; the
Review Hon. Frank G. Zelezinski, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Reversed.
Counsel on Michael J. Pelletier, Patricia Mysza, and Darren E. Miller, of State
Appeal Appellate Defender’s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.
Kimberly M. Foxx, State’s Attorney, of Chicago (Alan J. Spellberg,
Mary L. Boland, and Hareena Meghani-Wakely, Assistant State’s
Attorneys, of counsel), for the People.
Panel PRESIDING JUSTICE CONNORS delivered the judgment of the
court, with opinion.
Justices Simon and Mikva concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 Following a bench trial, defendant Kevin Jones was convicted of failing to register weekly
at the Robbins police department in violation of the Sex Offender Registration Act (SORA)
(730 ILCS 150/3(a) (West 2012)). The trial court sentenced him to three years’ imprisonment.
Defendant appeals, arguing that the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt both that
he was required to register as a sex offender pursuant to SORA and that he lacked a fixed place
of residence. For the reasons set forth herein, we reverse the judgment of the trial court.
¶2 Defendant was charged with one count of violation of section 6 of SORA (730 ILCS 150/6
(West 2012)) in that, “having been previously convicted of attempt criminal sexual assault
under case No. 78-5878, he lacked a fixed residence and failed to report weekly with the
Robbins police department.” Defendant waived his right to a jury trial, and on October 14,
2014, the case proceeded to bench trial.
¶3 Officer Samuel Olloway testified that, on January 2, 2013, he was working as a day-shift
sergeant supervisor for the Robbins police department when he learned that a United States
Marshal had stopped defendant in Robbins pursuant to an active warrant out of South
Montgomery County. 1 Olloway took defendant into custody based on the warrant and
transported him back to the Robbins police department. There, defendant was Mirandized and
fingerprinted so that Olloway could view defendant’s complete criminal background. Olloway
learned that defendant was a registered sex offender. Olloway spoke with records department
officer Tawasha Walker and inquired into whether defendant was up to date on his sex
offender registration. After speaking with Walker, Olloway spoke to defendant, who indicated
that he was homeless and unaware that he was required to register weekly. Defendant also
indicated to Olloway that he was not up to date with his registration.
¶4 On cross examination, Olloway conceded that none of his reports detailed his conversation
with defendant and that there was no documentation which indicated that defendant waived his
Miranda rights.
¶5 Officer Tawasha Walker testified that she was employed as a records advisor officer for the
Robbins police department. On June 29, 2012, defendant came into the Robbins police
department to be registered pursuant to SORA. Walker had registered defendant in the past.
Defendant had previously registered as homeless and, on June 29, 2012, did not report a
change of this status. Walker went over a SORA registration form with defendant, and
defendant initialed next to stipulations regarding an offender’s duty to report. Walker
explained to him that he was required to register on a weekly basis. Defendant’s signature
On cross-examination, defense counsel asked Olloway if the warrant was out of “South
1
Montgomery County,” to which he answered in the affirmative. When asked where South Montgomery
County is located, he answered “I believe it’s in Illinois.” However, while there is a Montgomery
County in Illinois, there in not a South Montgomery County. In its ruling, the trial court noted that the
warrant was out of Montgomery County.
-2-
appears under paragraph stating “I have read and/or had read to me the above requirements. It
has been explained to me and I understand my duty to register on or before July 5th, of 2012.”
After Walker testified to the contents of defendant’s SORA registration form, the State entered
the form into evidence.
¶6 Defendant did not register or report to the Robbins police department on or after July 5,
2012, and Walker did not receive information about defendant registering with any other
police department. Walker tried to contact defendant but was unable to do so. In January of
2013, Walker received an Illinois State Police LEADS notification, which stated that
defendant was “overdue for registration.” Walker then instructed officers of the Robbins police
department, including Olloway, to try to “reach [defendant] so that he could come in and
register.”
¶7 On cross examination, Walker stated that officers from the police department generally
“canvas the area” to determine whether a registrant is homeless. She explained that she does
not personally go through procedures to verify if a registrant is homeless but that the
information provided on the registration is verbally provided by the registrants.
¶8 The State then entered into evidence a certified copy of defendant’s 1979 conviction for
attempted rape, for which he initially received 24 months’ probation. Defendant violated this
probation and was sentenced to 4 years’ imprisonment.2
¶9 Defendant made a motion for a directed verdict, which the trial court denied. The trial court
found defendant guilty of failure to register. Defendant did not file any posttrial motions. On
November 13, 2014, the trial court sentenced defendant to three years’ imprisonment.
¶ 10 Defendant appeals, arguing that the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he
had a duty to register under SORA. Alternatively, he argues that the State failed to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that he lacked a fixed place of residence.
¶ 11 As an initial matter, the State argues that defendant has forfeited his claims as he did not
raise this issue at trial or in a posttrial motion. However, “when a defendant makes a challenge
to the sufficiency of the evidence, his or her claim is not subject to the waiver rule and may be
raised for the first time on direct appeal.” People v. Woods, 214 Ill. 2d 455, 470 (2005).
¶ 12 The due process clause of the fourteenth amendment protects defendants against
conviction in state courts except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary
to constitute the charged crime. People v. Brown, 2013 IL 114196, ¶ 48 (discussing U.S.
Const., amend. XIV); Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 315-16 (1979). When a court reviews
the sufficiency of evidence, it must determine “ ‘whether the record evidence could reasonably
support a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.’ ” (Emphasis omitted.) People v.
Cunningham, 212 Ill. 2d 274, 279 (2004) (quoting Jackson, 443 U.S. at 318). A reviewing
court must decide whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the
prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense
beyond a reasonable doubt. People v. Lloyd, 2013 IL 113510, ¶ 42. This means that we must
draw all reasonable inferences from the record in favor of the prosecution and that “ ‘[w]e will
not reverse a conviction unless the evidence is so improbable, unsatisfactory, or inconclusive
2
In 1979, a person who had committed a sex offense, such as attempted rape, did not have a duty to
register as a sex offender. Effective January 1, 1996, SORA imposed a duty to register on any person
who had previously committed a sex offense. See People v. Malchow, 306 Ill. App. 3d 665, 668 (1999)
(explaining the evolution of Illinois laws requiring the registration of sexual offenders).
-3-
that it creates a reasonable doubt of defendant’s guilt.’ ” Id. (quoting People v. Collins, 214 Ill.
2d 206, 217 (2005)).
¶ 13 SORA was designed to aid law enforcement agencies in monitoring the whereabouts of
sexual offenders by allowing “ ‘ready access to crucial information’ ” about their residency
and movements. People v. Molnar, 222 Ill. 2d 495, 499 (2006) (quoting People v. Adams, 144
Ill. 2d 381, 388 (1991)). The plain language of SORA makes clear that the duty to report as a
sex offender follows from the duty to register as a sex offender: If one is not required to register
as a sex offender, then one does not have a duty to report. 730 ILCS 150/10 (West 2012) (“Any
person who is required to register under [SORA] who violates any of the provisions of [SORA]
*** is guilty of a Class 3 felony.”).
¶ 14 Section 3(a) of SORA imposes upon sex offenders and sexual predators the duty to register
with the chief of police or sheriff in the jurisdiction where they reside. 730 ILCS 150/3(a)
(West 2012). Section 7 of SORA states that sex offenders who have not been adjudicated to be
sexually dangerous, and who are not also labeled sexual predators, are required to register for a
period of 10 years after conviction or adjudication “if not confined to a penal institution,
hospital or any other institution or facility, and if confined, for a period of 10 years after parole,
discharge or release from any such facility.” 3 730 ILCS 150/7 (West 2012). Section 7 also
states that “[r]econfinement due to a violation of parole, a conviction reviving registration, or
other circumstances that do not relate to the original conviction or adjudication shall toll the
running of the balance of the 10-year period of registration, which shall not commence running
until after final parole, discharge, or release.” Id.
¶ 15 Section 6 imposes on those required to register a duty to report periodically to the law
enforcement agency with whom they last registered. 730 ILCS 150/6 (West 2012). “Any
person who lacks a fixed residence” is required to report weekly. Id. “In order to sustain a
conviction under section 6 of [SORA], the State must generally prove that (1) defendant was
subject to the reporting requirements under [SORA], and (2) defendant knowingly failed to
report in person at the requisite reporting agency.” People v. Brock, 2015 IL App (1st) 133404,
¶ 21; see 730 ILCS 150/6 (West 2012).
¶ 16 Defendant acknowledges that he “at one time had a 10-year registration requirement
starting on September 4, 1979, the date when he was convicted of attempt rape.” See 730 ILCS
150/2(B)(1), (B)(2) (West 2012) (labeling attempted criminal sexual assault, and “any former
law of this State substantially equivalent to” it, a sex offense, a perpetrator of which is labeled
a sex offender); 730 ILCS 150/7 (West 2012) (providing that sex offenders must register for 10
years). He also does not dispute that he did not register or report after June 29, 2012. He argues,
however, that the State did not prove that he “was still required to register on January 2, 2013,
the date of the alleged violation,” long after the 10-year period expired on September 4, 1989.
¶ 17 The State agrees that defendant was subject to a 10-year registration requirement
commencing on September 4, 1979. However, it explains that the 10-year registration period
extended beyond September 4, 1989, and encompassed the time period between July 5, 2012,
3
A person who is convicted of attempted criminal sexual assault after July 1, 1999, is labeled a “sex
offender” as well as a “sexual predator.” 730 ILCS 150/2(E)(1) (West 2012). As defendant was
convicted of attempted rape in 1979, he is labeled only as a “sex offender.” 730 ILCS 150/2(A)(1)(a),
(B)(1) (West 2012). Sexual predators, as well as offenders who have been adjudicated as “sexually
dangerous” or “sexually violent” are required to register for life. 730 ILCS 150/7 (West 2012).
-4-
and defendant’s arrest on January 2, 2013, because the period was tolled by defendant’s
continuous confinement following his 1979 conviction.4
¶ 18 We note that, while the indictment in the record charges defendant with failure to report
weekly under section 6 of SORA (730 ILCS 150/6 (West 2012)), he was convicted of failure to
report weekly under section 3(a) of SORA (730 ILCS 150/3(a) (West 2012)). Both sections of
SORA require a defendant with no fixed residence to report to the police station once a week.
730 ILCS 150/3(a) (West 2012) (“Any person who lacks a fixed residence must report weekly,
in person, with the sheriff’s office of the county in which he or she is located in an
unincorporated area, or with the chief of police in the municipality in which he or she is
located.”); 730 ILCS 150/6 (West 2012) (“Any person who lacks a fixed residence must report
weekly, in person, to the appropriate law enforcement agency where the sex offender is
located.”).
¶ 19 This court recently explained in People v. Wlecke, 2014 IL App (1st) 112467, ¶ 37, “[t]he
plain language of [SORA] therefore requires a person who lacks a ‘fixed residence,’ to
‘register’ his address by simply reporting and notifying the agency of jurisdiction that he lacks
a ‘fixed residence’ and to report weekly thereafter.” (Emphasis omitted.) See 730 ILCS
150/3(a) (West 2012). As both sections require persons who lack a fixed address to report to a
police station weekly, defendant’s conviction under section 3(a), based on the trial court’s
finding that he failed to register, i.e., report, did not violate his right to due process, even
though the indictment cites section 6 for his failure to report. See People v. Roe, 2015 IL App
(5th) 130410, ¶ 13 (no due process violation where the defendant was convicted of a SORA
violation with which he was not specifically charged; the charged SORA violation dealt with
the same culpable act as the conviction and, therefore, did not mislead the defendant in making
his defense or expose him to double jeopardy).
¶ 20 On appeal, to rebut defendant’s assertion that it failed to prove that defendant was required
to register at the time of the instant offense, the State details how, before the end of his
probation term, defendant was arrested in connection with a murder. Defendant was convicted
of murder and, on January 21, 1981, was sentenced to 21 years’ imprisonment. Subsequently,
defendant was convicted of a violation of probation in the 1979 attempted rape case and
sentenced to 4 years’ imprisonment. While imprisoned, defendant was twice convicted of
aggravated battery; on November 9, 1995, he was sentenced to 8 years’ imprisonment, and on
June 11, 1999, he was sentenced to 5 years’ imprisonment. He was ultimately released from
Department of Corrections’ custody on October 23, 2003.
¶ 21 This information arguably could have been used to prove that defendant still had a duty to
register and report on July 5, 2012, given the fact that a sex offender’s duty to register is tolled
by confinement. See 730 ILCS 150/7 (West 2012). However, as defendant points out, none of
this information was presented by the State at trial. A challenge to the sufficiency of the
evidence is not a question of what the State could have proved at trial; it is a question of what
the State actually proved at trial.
4
Information regarding defendant’s convictions and custody status following his attempted rape
conviction can be found in defendant’s presentence investigation report, and defendant’s Illinois
Department of Corrections Inmate Status Sheet. See People v. Steward, 406 Ill. App. 3d 82, 93 (2010)
(“This court may take judicial notice of Department of Corrections records because they are public
documents.”). However, this information was not adduced at trial.
-5-
¶ 22 We find that the evidence adduced at trial was insufficient to prove beyond a reasonable
doubt that defendant was still subject to the reporting requirements of SORA nearly 33 years
after his underlying conviction for attempted rape from 1979. The State failed to provide any
information regarding when or if defendant’s registration period was tolled due to
reconfinement. Officer Walker testified that she registered defendant on June 29, 2012, and
had done so in the past but provided no explanation as to why defendant’s underlying felony,
listed on his SORA form as a conviction for attempted rape on February 16, 1981, required him
to register on July 5, 2012.5 Even viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State,
we find that no rational trier of fact could have found that defendant was still subject to the
reporting requirements of SORA. Where a sex offender’s duty to register has been tolled by
imprisonment or extended by a subsequent conviction, the State should provide evidence of
such at trial. It failed to do so here.
¶ 23 As we hold that the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant was
required to register, an essential element of a violation of SORA, we need not address
defendant’s remaining claims.
¶ 24 For the foregoing reasons, we reverse defendant’s conviction.
¶ 25 Reversed.
5
Further, the information provided on this form is inaccurate, as defendant was convicted of
attempted rape in 1979. This inaccuracy underscores that testimony regarding the contents of a SORA
form, or information provided by defendant on a SORA form, may be insufficient to prove that a
defendant was required to register under SORA.
-6-