People v. Coyne , 2014 IL App (1st) 123105 ( 2014 )

Illinois Official Reports
Appellate Court
People v. Coyne, 2014 IL App (1st) 123105Appellate Court THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v.
Caption DANIEL T. COYNE, Defendant-Appellant.
District & No. First District, Sixth Division
Docket No. 1-12-3105
Filed September 5, 2014
Held In proceedings seeking the involuntary commitment of respondent
(Note: This syllabus under the Sexually Violent Persons Commitment Act, the trial court
constitutes no part of the erred in ordering respondent’s counsel to turn over to the State the
opinion of the court but reports of the forensic psychologist appointed to conduct an
has been prepared by the examination of respondent and another respondent in an unrelated
Reporter of Decisions case, since the psychologist was appointed as a consultant under
for the convenience of Supreme Court Rule 201(b)(3), the psychologist would not be a
the reader.) witness at either respondent’s hearing, and both respondents had the
right, in proceedings under the Act, to the appointment of such a
consulting expert or professional person whose identity, opinions, and
work product would not be discoverable absent exceptional
circumstances; therefore, the orders compelling counsel to turn over
the reports, finding him in direct civil contempt, and imposing a fine
of $100 were vacated, and the cause was remanded for further
proceedings.
Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. ACC-120187; the
Review Hon. Michael B. McHale, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Vacated and remanded.
Counsel on Matthew M. Daniels, Michael R. Johnson, and Elizabeth Raki, law
Appeal student, all of Law Offices of Chicago Kent College of Law, of
Chicago, for appellant.
Lisa Madigan, Attorney General, of Chicago (Michael A. Scodro,
Solicitor General, and Michael M. Glick and Joshua Schneider,
Assistant Attorneys General, of counsel), for the People.
Panel JUSTICE HALL delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Rochford and Lampkin concurred in the judgment and
opinion.
OPINION
¶1 This is an interlocutory appeal pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 304(b)(5) (eff. Feb.
26, 2010). The defendant, attorney Daniel T. Coyne (attorney Coyne), was held in direct civil
contempt for refusing to comply with the discovery orders of the circuit court of Cook County,
which required him to turn over to the State his nontestifying expert witness’s reports. On
appeal, attorney Coyne contends that: (1) the civil discovery rules do not require disclosure of
a nontestifying expert’s report; (2) the attorney-client privilege bars the disclosure of the
expert’s report; (3) the work-product privilege bars the disclosure of the expert’s report; (4)
requiring disclosure of the expert’s report violates the due process clause of the United States
Constitution; (5) requiring disclosure of the expert’s report violates the equal protection clause
of the United States Constitution; and (6) even if this court affirms the circuit court’s decision,
the finding of contempt and the $100 fine imposed on attorney Coyne should be vacated.
¶2 In separate cases, attorney Coyne was appointed to represent respondent Percy Dixon and
respondent Derrick Moody. The State was seeking to have the respondents involuntarily
committed under the Sexually Violent Persons Commitment Act (the Act) (725 ILCS 207/15
(West 2010)). In each case, attorney Coyne filed a motion to have Dr. Lesley Kane, a forensic
psychologist, appointed to conduct an examination of the respondent. The circuit court granted
the motion in each case.
¶3 Following the completion of Dr. Kane’s examination of respondent Dixon, she prepared a
report. Attorney Coyne filed a motion seeking to have Dr. Kane designated as a consultant
under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 201(b)(3) (eff. July 1, 2002) since she would not be a
witness at respondent Dixon’s hearing. The State responded that the Act did not provide for the
appointment of consultants. Following a hearing, the circuit court denied the motion and
ordered attorney Coyne to turn over Dr. Kane’s report on respondent Dixon to the State. The
court also denied attorney Coyne’s motion to have Dr. Kane designated as a consulting expert
in respondent Moody’s case and ordered attorney Coyne to turn over Dr. Kane’s report on
respondent Moody to the State.
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¶4 Attorney Coyne refused to comply with the court’s orders. The court found him in direct
civil contempt of court and imposed a fine of $100. This appeal followed. During the pendency
of this appeal, we granted attorney Coyne leave to cite In re Commitment of Clark, 2014 IL
App (1st) 133040, as additional authority.
¶5 ANALYSIS
¶6 The dispositive issue in this case is whether section 25(e) of the Act provides for the
appointment of experts or professional persons as consultants as provided for in Rule
201(b)(3). We hold that it does. We vacate the circuit court’s orders as to discovery and
findings of contempt and remand for further proceedings.
¶7 I. Standard of Review
¶8 The correctness of a discovery order may be tested through contempt proceedings. Payne
v. Hall, 2013 IL App (1st) 113519, ¶ 10. Normally, the standard of review of contempt orders
in such cases is an abuse of discretion. Payne, 2013 IL App (1st) 113519, ¶ 10. Our resolution
of this issue requires that we construe pertinent portions of the Act. Since the construction of a
statute presents a question of law, our review is de novo. In re Application of the County
Treasurer & ex officio County Collector, 403 Ill. App. 3d 985, 990 (2010); see also In re
Marriage of Newton, 2011 IL App (1st) 090683, ¶ 10 (when the facts of a contempt order are
not in dispute and the court is presented with a question of law, the de novo standard of review
applies).
¶9 II. The Act
¶ 10 Under the Act, the State may file a petition alleging that an individual is a sexually violent
person (725 ILCS 207/15 (West 2010)) and seek commitment of the individual to the custody
of the Department of Human Services for control, care, and treatment until such time as he or
she is no longer a sexually violent person (725 ILCS 207/40(a) (West 2010)). A sexually
violent person is “a person who has been convicted of a sexually violent offense, has been
adjudicated delinquent for a sexually violent offense, or has been found not guilty of a sexually
violent offense by reason of insanity and who is dangerous because he or she suffers from a
mental disorder that makes it substantially probable that the person will engage in acts of
sexual violence.” 725 ILCS 207/5(f) (West 2010).
¶ 11 Proceedings under the Act are civil in nature. “The provisions of the Civil Practice Law
and all existing and future amendments of that Law shall apply to all proceedings hereunder
except as otherwise provided in this Act.” 725 ILCS 207/20 (West 2010). Section 25 of the Act
sets forth the rights of the person subject to the petition, including the following:
“Whenever the person who is the subject of the petition is required to submit to an
examination under this Act, he or she may retain experts or professional persons to
perform an examination. The State has the right to have the person evaluated by an
expert chosen by the State. All examiners retained by or appointed for any party shall
have reasonable access to the person for the purpose of the examination, as well as to
the person’s past and present treatment records and patient health care records. If the
person is indigent, the court shall upon the person’s request, appoint a qualified and
available expert or professional person to perform an examination. Upon the order of
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the circuit court, the county shall pay, as part of the costs of the action, the costs of a
court-appointed expert or professional person to perform an examination and
participate in the trial on behalf of the indigent person.” 725 ILCS 207/25(e) (West
2010).
¶ 12 III. Discussion
¶ 13 Our main objective in construing a statute is to ascertain and give effect to the legislative
intent. In re Application of the County Treasurer, 403 Ill. App. 3d at 990. “Where the language
is clear and unambiguous, the statute must be given its plain, ordinary, and popularly
understood meaning without resort to further aids of statutory construction.” In re Application
of the County Treasurer, 403 Ill. App. 3d at 990.
¶ 14 The proceedings under the Act are governed by the Civil Practice Law, unless a contrary
provision is found in the Act. 725 ILCS 207/20 (West 2010). The Civil Practice Law (735
ILCS 5/2-101 et seq. (West 2010)) is part of the Code of Civil Procedure (the Code) (735 ILCS
5/1-101 et seq. (West 2010)). The Code incorporates the Illinois Supreme Court Rules. See 735
ILCS 5/1-105 (West 2010) (our supreme court may provide by rule for the administration and
enforcement of the Code); see also In re Marriage of Ricard, 2012 IL App (1st) 111757,
¶¶ 34-35 (the doctrine of forum non conveniens set forth in Illinois Supreme Court Rule 187
(eff. Aug. 1, 1986) applied to a dissolution action where the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution
of Marriage Act (750 ILCS 5/105(a) (West 2008)) provided that it was governed by the Civil
Practice Law).
¶ 15 In the present case, Rule 201(b)(3), which governs discovery procedures, provides as
follows:
“A consultant is a person who has been retained or specially employed in anticipation
of litigation or preparation for trial but who is not to be called at trial. The identity,
opinions, and work product of a consultant are discoverable only upon a showing of
exceptional circumstances under which it is impracticable for the party seeking
discovery to obtain facts or opinions on the same subject matter by other means.” Ill. S.
Ct. R. 201(b)(3) (eff. July 1, 2002).
¶ 16 We find nothing in the Act restricting a court-appointed expert or professional person from
serving as a consultant under Rule 201(b)(3). Section 25(e) requires the county to pay for both
the examination by and the participation of the appointed expert at a hearing. It does not state
that the court-appointed expert or professional expert must then testify at the hearing, only that
the expert will be compensated if he or she participates at the hearing. “A court may not depart
from the plain language of the statute and read into it exceptions, limitations, or conditions that
are not consistent with the express legislative intent.” In re Commitment of Trulock, 2012 IL
App (3d) 110550, ¶ 37. While section 30(c) of the Act (725 ILCS 207/30(c) (West 2010))
provides for the admissibility of all evaluations under the Act, admissibility does not
automatically mean that Dr. Kane’s reports are discoverable. See Wilson v. Norfolk & Western
Ry. Co., 109 Ill. App. 3d 79, 85 (1982) (the trial court erred in denying a motion to compel a
witness to answer questions; the information was admissible and there was no suggestion of
privilege or other facts rendering the information exempt from discovery). Pursuant to Rule
201(b)(3), a consultant’s identity, opinions and work product are not subject to discovery
absent exceptional circumstances.
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¶ 17 Contrary to the State’s argument below, the Act does provide for the appointment of
experts to serve as consultants. Section 20 of the Act directs the court to consider the civil law
rules which include the applicable supreme court rules. See In re Detention of Hardin, 238 Ill.
2d 33, 41 (2010) (the Act was not silent about the appellate rules since the applicable civil rules
provided for an appeal).
¶ 18 Our decision in this case is supported by Clark. In that case, an interlocutory appeal
pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 308 (eff. Feb. 26, 2010)), this court considered
whether a respondent, subject to the provisions of the Act, had the right to issue subpoenas
before a probable cause hearing under the Act. Clark, 2014 IL App (1st) 133040, ¶ 1. The court
held that since proceedings under the Act are governed by the Civil Practice Law, which
provided for the issuance of subpoenas, and in the absence of any contrary provision in the Act,
the respondent had a statutory right to issue a subpoena prior to the probable cause hearing.
Clark, 2014 IL App (1st) 133040, ¶ 23.
¶ 19 Contrary to the position it took in the circuit court, on appeal, the State now agrees that an
expert appointed pursuant to section 25(e) of the Act may be a consultant under Rule
201(b)(3). The State contends now that Dr. Kane’s reports are discoverable to the extent that
they do not contain privileged material. The State asserts that Dr. Kane’s reports must be
disclosed after the privileged material has been redacted and a privilege log prepared to justify
the redactions.
¶ 20 An appellee may raise any argument in support of the trial court’s judgment, even if the
argument was not raised before the trial court, provided the argument has a sufficient factual
basis in the record. People v. Pinkonsly, 207 Ill. 2d 555, 563 (2003). In the present case, the
State’s argument on appeal is not in support of the circuit court’s judgment. The State’s
argument requires that the court’s order, that Dr. Kane’s reports in their entirety must be turned
over to the State, be modified to allow any privileged provisions to be redacted. Assuming the
State’s argument was in support of the judgment, the State failed to establish in the circuit
court any exceptional circumstances allowing it to seek discovery from a Rule 201(b)(3)
consultant. Finally, the State’s opposition to attorney Coyne’s motion to have Dr. Kane
designated a consultant under Rule 201(b)(3) led to the circuit court’s turnover order and the
direct civil contempt finding against attorney Coyne. See Pinkonsly, 207 Ill. 2d at 564(although it had a basis in the record, the State forfeited its timeliness argument by raising it for
the first time on appeal; the defendant could have amended his petition pursuant to section
2-1401 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (West 2002)) and any factual issues could have been
resolved in the circuit court). The State’s argument raised for the first time on appeal is
forfeited.
¶ 21 We determine that respondents under the Act have a right to have experts or professional
persons appointed in accordance with Rule 201(b)(3). The State forfeited its argument that Dr.
Kane’s reports are subject to discovery after any privileged material is redacted by raising it for
the first time on appeal. While our review is de novo, to confirm the contempt finding and fine
in this case for a reason not presented in the circuit court runs contrary to the purpose of our
discovery rules. See Illinois Emcasco Insurance Co. v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co., 393
Ill. App. 3d 782, 790 (2009) (in vacating a contempt finding for failing to comply with
discovery, the reviewing court declined to address other arguments in favor of affirming the
contempt finding that were raised by the appellee for the first time on appeal).
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¶ 22 In proceedings under the Act, respondents have a right to the appointment of consulting
experts or professional persons whose identity, opinions and work product are not discoverable
absent exceptional circumstances. Ill. S. Ct. R. 201(b)(3) (eff. July 1, 2002). Therefore, the
circuit court erred in ordering attorney Coyne to turn over Dr. Kane’s reports to the State. In
light of our finding that the respondents have a statutory right to a consultant, we need not
address the remaining arguments raised on appeal.
¶ 23 We vacate the circuit court’s orders compelling attorney Coyne to turn over Dr. Kane’s
reports evaluating respondents Dixon and Moody. We also vacate the order finding attorney
Coyne in direct civil contempt and the $100 fine imposed. This case is remanded to the circuit
court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
¶ 24 Vacated and remanded.
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