-
June 7, 1999
No. 4-98-0729
IN THE APPELLATE COURT
OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
PEKIN INSURANCE COMPANY, ) Appeal from
Plaintiff-Appellant, ) Circuit Court of
v. ) Champaign County
STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE ) No. 98CH73
COMPANY, LINDA C. SAYLOR, and )
CAROLANNE HAGER, ) Honorable
Defendants-Appellees. ) John R. DeLaMar,
) Judge Presiding.
PRESIDING JUSTICE KNECHT delivered the opinion of the court:
In February 1998, CarolAnne Hager sued Linda C. Saylor for personal injuries resulting from an two-car accident. At the time of the accident, Saylor was test-driving a vehicle owned by Sullivan Chevrolet Company (Sullivan), an automobile dealership. Pekin Insurance Company (Pekin) insured Sullivan's vehicles, while State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company (State Farm) provided Saylor's automobile insurance. In May 1998, Pekin filed a declaratory judgment action against Saylor, Hager, and State Farm. Pekin alleged it was not primarily obligated to defend Saylor because language in Sullivan's policy excluded her from coverage. Both State Farm and Pekin filed cross-motions for summary judgment. The trial court granted State Farm's motion, con
cluding Pekin was primarily obligated to defend Saylor. We af
firm.
I. BACKGROUND
After Hager sued Saylor, State Farm tendered her de
fense to Pekin. Pekin accepted the defense but reserved the right to contest its obligation to provide such defense. In May 1998, Pekin filed this declaratory judgment action, arguing it was not primarily obligated to defend Saylor and seeking judgment from State Farm for the costs of Saylor's defense.
In June 1998, Pekin filed a motion for summary judg
ment. Pekin's motion relied on the following language from Sullivan's garage liability insurance policy:
"We will pay all sums an 'insured' le
gally must pay as damages because of 'bodily injury' or 'property damage' to which this insurance applies caused by an 'accident' and resulting from 'garage operations.'
We have the right and duty to defend any 'suit' asking for these damages. However, we have no duty to defend 'suits' for 'bodily injury' or 'property damage' not covered by this [c]overage [f]orm."
Sullivan's policy defined "insured" as:
"(2) Anyone *** using with your permission a covered 'auto' you own, hire or borrow
except:
* * *
(d) Your customers, if your business is shown in the [d]eclarations as an 'auto' dealership. However, if a cus
tomer of yours:
(i) Has no other available insur
ance (whether primary, excess or contingent), they are an 'in
sured' but only up to the com
pulsory or financial re sponsi
bility law limits where the cov
ered 'auto' is princi pally ga
raged.
(ii) Has other available insurance
(whether primary, excess or contingent) less than the com
pulsory or financial responsi bility law limits where the cov
ered 'auto' is principally ga
raged, they are an 'insured' only for the amount by which the com
pulsory or financial responsi
bility law limits ex ceed the limit of their other insur
ance."
Pekin argued Saylor's automobile insurance satisfied the minimum requirements imposed by Illinois statute (see 625 ILCS 5/7-203 (West 1996)); thus, Saylor was excluded from coverage, thereby making State Farm primarily obligated to defend her.
State Farm also moved for summary judgment in June 1998. State Farm argued Pekin was primarily obligated to defend Saylor regardless of the language contained in Sullivan's policy. In reaching this conclusion, State Farm relied on the recent supreme court decision in State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Universal Underwriters Group , 182 Ill. 2d 240, 244, 695 N.E.2d 848, 850 (1998). In August 1998, the circuit court denied Pekin's summary judgment motion and granted State Farm's motion.
II. ANALYSIS
On appeal, Pekin asserts the circuit court failed to consider the plain language of Sullivan's insurance policy. Pekin contends insurance carriers are entitled to enforce provi
sions as written (see Bruder v. Country Mutual Insurance Co. , 156 Ill. 2d 179, 185-86, 620 N.E.2d 355, 359 (1993)), and this court should defer to the manner in which the parties have chosen to articulate their obligations (see Madison Mutual Insurance Co. v. Universal Underwriters Group , 251 Ill. App. 3d 13, 16, 621 N.E.2d 270, 272-73 (1993)). Thus, Pekin argues it was not obligated to defend Saylor because she did not qualify as an "insured."
State Farm asserts section 7-317 of the Illinois Safety and Family Financial Responsibility Law (Code) (625 ILCS 5/7-
317(b) (West 1996)) requires Sullivan to insure all its test-
drivers. As a result, State Farm argues Pekin must provide pri
mary coverage regardless of the language contained in Sullivan's policy. See State Farm , 182 Ill. 2d at 244-45, 695 N.E.2d at 850-51. Accordingly, Pekin was primarily obligated to defend Saylor.
Summary judgment is proper when the pleadings, deposi
tions, admissions, and affidavits fail to establish a genuine issue of material fact. 735 ILCS 5/2-1005(c) (West 1996). The construction of insurance policy provisions is a question of law ( Outboard Marine Corp. v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. , 154 Ill. 2d 90, 108, 607 N.E.2d 1204, 1212 (1992)), which is reviewed de novo ( Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. v. O'Malley , 163 Ill. 2d 130, 142, 643 N.E.2d 825, 831 (1994)).
In State Farm , Joyce Pontiac (Joyce), a car dealership, allowed Rodney Luckhart to test-drive one of its vehicles. Dur
ing the test-drive, Luckhart was involved in a two-car accident. Luckhart had automobile liability insurance with State Farm. State Farm settled all claims against Luckhart, then sued Joyce's insurer, Universal Underwriters Group (Universal), for reimburse
ment. According to Joyce's policy, an insured was any person re
quired by law to be insured while test-driving one of its vehi
cles. The circuit court granted State Farm's summary judgment motion. The appellate court affirmed ( State Farm Mutual Automo
bile Insurance Co. v. Universal Underwriters Group , 285 Ill. App. 3d 115, 674 N.E.2d 52 (1996)).
In affirming the appellate court, the supreme court utilized section 7-317(b) of the Code, which provides:
"7-317 'Motor vehicle liability policy' defined. * * *
(b) Owner's Policy. Such owner's poli
cy of liability insurance:
1. Shall designate *** all motor vehicles with respect to which coverage is there
by intended to be granted;
2. Shall insure the person named there
in and any other person using or responsible for the use of such motor vehicle or vehicles with the express or implied permission of the insured ." (Emphasis added.) 625 ILCS 5/7-
317(b) (West 1996).
The court concluded section 7-317(b) mandates an owner's automo
bile insurance policy cover any person using the vehicle with the named insured's permission. Therefore, because Joyce was re
quired to insure Luckhart, the court held Luckhart qualified as an "insured" according to the terms of Universal's policy. See State Farm , 182 Ill. 2d at 244, 695 N.E.2d at 850.
The State Farm court extended its holding, stating when an insurance policy fails to include an omnibus clause providing coverage to persons who are permitted to use the name insured's vehicle, "such a clause must be read into every such policy." State Farm , 182 Ill. 2d at 244, 695 N.E.2d 850. In concluding Universal was primarily liable, the court stated section 7-317 of the Code "must be construed to require primary coverage." State Farm , 182 Ill. 2d at 246, 695 N.E.2d at 851.
Pekin argues the State Farm decision does not control this case because the supreme court was not deciding which insur
ance company should provide primary coverage. Instead, Pekin asserts the State Farm court decided whether Luckhart was an "in
sured" under the terms contained in Joyce's insurance policy, whereas here the language contained in Sullivan's policy explic
itly excluded Saylor from coverage. Pekin also notes the Code fails to indicate which insurer must provide primary coverage.
Contrary to Pekin's argument, we find State Farm con
trolling. The only distinction between this case and State Farm relates to the language in Sullivan's insurance policy excluding Saylor from coverage. However, this language cannot be enforced because it contradicts the mandatory language of section 7-317(b) of the Code (see 625 ILCS 7-317(b) (West 1996)). Sullivan's policy must insure Saylor regardless of the language contained therein. See State Farm , 182 Ill. 2d at 244, 695 N.E.2d at 850. Thus, similar to State Farm , we are left to decide whether State Farm or Pekin is primarily obligated.
As noted in State Farm , primary liability is generally placed on the insurer of the owner of an automobile rather than the insurer of the driver. See State Farm , 182 Ill. 2d at 246, 695 N.E.2d at 851, citing 7A Am. Jur. 2d Automobile Insurance
§543 (1997). While we agree the terms of Sullivan's insurance policy were consistent with the legislature's intent "to secure the solvency of those operating vehicles on public highways" (see Springfield Fire & Casualty Co. v. Garner , 255 Ill. App. 3d 685, 692, 627 N.E.2d 1147, 1151-52 (1993)), the supreme court deter
mined public policy was best served by requiring the automobile owner's insurer provide primary coverage to any person permitted by the owner to use the vehicle (see State Farm , 182 Ill. 2d at 245, 695 N.E.2d at 851). Thus, an automobile dealer's insurance policy must provide primary coverage for its test-drivers.
III. CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated, the circuit court's judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.
STEIGMANN and MYERSCOUGH, JJ., concur.
Document Info
Docket Number： 4-98-0729
Filed Date： 6/7/1999
Precedential Status： Precedential
Modified Date： 10/22/2015