People v. Richardson , 2011 IL App (5th) 90663 ( 2011 )

ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS
Appellate Court
People v. Richardson, 2011 IL App (5th) 090663Appellate Court Caption THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v.
LEON RICHARDSON, Defendant-Appellant.
District & No. Fifth District
Docket No. 5-09-0663
Filed August 17, 2011
Held The testimony of three officers describing the course of their
(Note: This syllabus investigation, which led to defendant’s arrest for burglary, was properly
constitutes no part of the admitted over defendant’s hearsay objection where the trial court
opinion of the court but instructed the jury that it could consider the testimony for that limited
has been prepared by the purpose and not for the truth of the matters asserted.
Reporter of Decisions
for the convenience of
the reader.)
Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of St. Clair County, No. 09-CF-195; the
Review Hon. John Baricevic, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Affirmed; mittimus amended.
Counsel on Michael J. Pelletier, Johannah B. Weber, Dan W. Evers, all of State
Appeal Appellate Defender’s Office, of Mt. Vernon, for appellant.
Brendan F. Kelly, State’s Attorney, of Belleville (Patrick Delfino,
Stephen E. Norris, Timothy James Ting, all of State’s Attorneys
Appellate Prosecutor’s Office, of counsel), for the People.
Panel JUSTICE WEXSTTEN delivered the judgment of the court, with
opinion.
Presiding Justice Chapman and Justice Goldenhersh concurred in the
judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 A St. Clair County jury found the defendant, Leon Richardson, guilty of burglary (720
ILCS 5/19-1(a) (West 2008)), and he was subsequently sentenced to serve a seven-year term
of imprisonment. On appeal, the defendant argues that the State’s evidence was insufficient
to support his conviction, that the erroneous admission of hearsay testimony denied him a
fair trial, and that he is entitled to an additional day of credit against his sentence. For the
reasons that follow, we affirm the defendant’s conviction and grant him the additional day
of credit that he seeks.
¶2 BACKGROUND
¶3 In No. 09-CF-195, the defendant was charged by information with two counts of burglary
(counts I and II). Count I alleged that, without authority, the defendant knowingly entered
Route 3 Liquors in Sauget with the intent to commit a theft therein. Count II alleged that,
without authority, the defendant remained within Route 3 Liquors with the intent to commit
a theft therein. In October 2009, the cause proceeded to a jury trial, where the evidence
established the following.
¶4 Route 3 Liquors in Sauget has a large common “floor area” that is open to the public.
Beyond the floor area, there is an office area in the back where cash and change are stored
in a large brown safe and books of instant lottery tickets are stored in a large blue safe. On
the double doors leading into the office area, there are three signs reading, “EMPLOYEES
ONLY.”
¶5 On February 18, 2009, shortly before 5 p.m., the defendant, who was not an employee
of Route 3 Liquors, was observed walking out of the office area with “something in the front
of his coat.” He then exited the store through the front doors and drove away in a white Ford
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Contour. Moments later, Route 3 Liquors was advised by its security service that the silent
alarm on one of the large safes in the office area had been activated. An ensuing inventory
of the safes revealed that instant lottery tickets with a face value of $900 were missing from
the blue one and that cash and coins in the amount of $693 were missing from the brown
one. The coins, which were in a change bag in the brown safe, were rolled in clear plastic
wrappings and consisted of $130 in quarters, $14 in nickels, and $2 in pennies. Most of the
missing cash came from a tan cash box in the brown safe. Soon after the defendant exited
Route 3 Liquors, the police arrived at the scene, and the store’s general manager called the
Illinois State Lottery’s hotline and “reported the book numbers and ticket numbers that were
stolen.”
¶6 On February 19, 2009, the defendant tried to cash an instant lottery ticket at the Crown
Food Mart in Washington Park but was denied payment. The ticket had a payout amount of
$2, and after it was rejected, the defendant reclaimed it and left the store. The cashier who
was on duty at the time testified that when she “scanned the ticket[,] *** the machine said
contact the retailer.” She further suggested that the ticket was stolen because the lottery
machine displays “contact the retailer” only in cases of stolen tickets and payout amounts in
excess of $600. The cashier knew the defendant because he “was a regular at the store,” and
she testified that she later spoke with a detective from the Sauget police department about
what had occurred.
¶7 On February 20, 2009, the defendant was arrested at the Crown Food Mart in Washington
Park after attempting to exchange rolled coins for cash. The rolled coins consisted of
quarters, nickels, and pennies and were in clear plastic wrappings. The defendant’s white
Ford Contour was towed from the scene.
¶8 A security camera positioned near the entrance of Route 3 Liquors videoed the defendant
entering the store shortly before 5 p.m. on February 18, 2009, and leaving approximately four
minutes later. Additionally, a security camera in the back room area videoed the defendant
entering the area and looking around before approaching and opening the two large safes,
neither of which was locked. While keeping a lookout, the defendant is seen removing items
from both safes and putting the items in the front of his coat. The defendant’s fingerprints
were later found on the cash box from the brown safe and on one of the doors of the blue
safe. The defendant’s attempt to cash the lottery ticket in Washington Park was also caught
on camera.
¶9 At the conclusion of the State’s case in chief, defense counsel moved for a directed
verdict arguing, inter alia, that the State had failed to prove that the defendant entered Route
3 Liquors with the intent to commit a theft. Counsel further suggested that if the State did not
elect to proceed on only one of its counts against the defendant, the jury could possibly return
a legally inconsistent verdict. In response, to “make it easier,” the State withdrew count I and
elected to proceed on count II only. The defendant presented no evidence in his defense.
¶ 10 In its closing argument to the jury, the State maintained that while the defendant’s initial
entry into Route 3 Liquors might have been authorized, he was not authorized to enter the
employees-only office area of the store, where he remained with the obvious intent to commit
a theft. Defense counsel countered that the defendant was a victim of mistaken identity and
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that, even assuming that he did commit a theft at Route 3 Liquors, he “never remained within
that building,” as the State alleged in count II of its information. Referring to count II,
counsel maintained as follows:
“This type of burglary is designed for situations where the person goes in during business
hours, hides himself away, waits till the store closes, they know they no longer have
permission to be there, and they wait and they wait until afterwards and then they come
out and burglarize the building. That’s not what you have here. That’s not the situation
that you have here.”
¶ 11 The jury was subsequently instructed that to establish the defendant’s guilt on count II,
the State had to prove the following propositions: “the defendant knowingly entered a
building,” “the defendant did so with authority,” “the defendant thereafter, without authority,
knowingly remained within that building,” and “the defendant remained within the building
with the intent to commit therein the offense of theft.” See Illinois Pattern Jury Instructions,
Criminal, No. 14.10 (4th ed. 2000). After the jury found the defendant guilty on count II, the
trial court sentenced him to serve a seven-year term of imprisonment in light of his extensive
criminal history. The present appeal followed.
¶ 12 ANALYSIS
¶ 13 Reasonable Doubt
¶ 14 Echoing his trial attorney’s closing argument to the jury, i.e., that he never “remained
within” Route 3 Liquors, the defendant’s first contention on appeal is that the State failed to
prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Noting that the State failed to establish that he hid
inside Route 3 Liquors and waited for the store to close with the intent to commit a theft, the
defendant asserts that the State failed to prove that he “remained” inside Route 3 Liquors for
purposes of the statute defining the offense of burglary. We disagree.
¶ 15 “A person commits burglary when without authority he knowingly enters or without
authority remains within a building, *** or any part thereof, with intent to commit therein
a felony or theft.” 720 ILCS 5/19-1(a) (West 2008). The statute defining the offense thus
“provides two alternative ways to commit burglary (by unlawful entry or by unlawfully
remaining following lawful entry).” People v. Green, 83 Ill. App. 3d 982, 986 (1980). “A
criminal intent formed after a lawful entry will satisfy the offense of burglary by unlawfully
remaining” (People v. Boone, 217 Ill. App. 3d 532, 533 (1991)), and a burglary by remaining
can be proven by evidence that a defendant lawfully entered a store during business hours
and “then secreted himself in the store until it had closed with the intent to steal” (People v.
Vallero, 61 Ill. App. 3d 413, 415 (1978)). Contrary to the defendant’s contentions, however,
evidence of “hiding or secreting” until a store closes is not required to sustain a conviction
for burglary by remaining.
¶ 16 In People v. Glover, 276 Ill. App. 3d 934, 935 (1995), claiming that they had car trouble,
the defendant and an associate entered a church on a Sunday morning and asked a member
who was present if they could use a telephone. The church member “told the men there was
no telephone in the area but that she would get the pastor if they would wait there.” Id. When
she returned after summoning the pastor, the men were gone, and while following her, the
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pastor saw them “leaving the building with vacuum cleaners in their arms.” Id. The vacuum
cleaners came from “a storage area under the stairs by the back door of the church.” Id. The
defendant was later convicted on a burglary charge alleging that, without authority, he had
knowingly remained within the church with the intent to commit therein a theft. Id. at 934.
On appeal from his conviction, the defendant argued that the State failed to prove beyond a
reasonable doubt that he remained within the church without authority. Id. at 937. The
appellate court disagreed and held that although the defendant was authorized to enter the
church and wait where he had entered, he “no longer had the authority to remain in the
church when he decided not to remain at the door as instructed and decided to go to another
part of the church to steal the vacuum cleaners.” Id. at 938. Noting that the trier of fact
“could have reasonably viewed defendant’s conduct in moving, without authority, to another
part of the building to constitute the act of unlawfully remaining within a building he had
previously been permitted to enter,” the court concluded as follows:
“The evidence supported a finding that any original authority to enter the building was
legally terminated by defendant’s unauthorized movements therein. His then-continued
presence at another location in the church for the purpose of committing a theft would
constitute the act of ‘remaining.’ After considering all the evidence in the light most
favorable to the prosecution, we cannot conclude that no rational trier of fact could have
found defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. at 939.
¶ 17 Here, we find Glover analogous and controlling. Because the State conceded that the
defendant entered Route 3 Liquors with authority, it was required to prove that he
subsequently remained there without authority and with the intent to commit a theft. To that
end, the evidence that the defendant entered the clearly marked employees-only office area
where he stole the lottery tickets and money was more than sufficient to prove that, with the
intent to commit a theft, he moved to a part of the store where he was not authorized to be.
As the State notes on appeal, the implied authority to be in a store during business hours does
not extend to areas designated as private or employees only. See, e.g., State v. Noel, 2008-
0961, at 3 (La. App. 1 Cor. 11/14/08);997 So. 2d 879. We also note that the defendant made
a stealthful entry into the office area and was essentially hiding while he was back there.
¶ 18 “When considering the sufficiency of the evidence, it is not the function of a reviewing
court to retry the defendant. Rather, the relevant question is whether, after reviewing all of
the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational fact finder could have
found beyond a reasonable doubt the essential elements of the crime.” People v. Maggette,
195 Ill. 2d 336, 353 (2001). Here, the State’s evidence established that the defendant
unlawfully remained in Route 3 Liquors with the intent to commit therein a theft, and we
accordingly affirm his conviction for burglary.
¶ 19 Alleged Hearsay
¶ 20 The defendant next argues that he was denied a fair trial by the erroneous admission of
hearsay testimony elicited from three of the State’s witnesses. In response, the State
maintains that the testimony in question was properly admitted and that, even assuming
otherwise, any resulting error was harmless.
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¶ 21 At the trial, Officer Randy Lee of the Sauget police department testified that after an
employee of Route 3 Liquors advised him that “someone had attempted to cash in one of the
stolen tickets at a convenience store in Washington Park,” he relayed that information to
Detective John Parisi of the Sauget police department. When overruling defense counsel’s
objection to this testimony, the trial court ruled that the testimony was being admitted for the
“limited purpose” of explaining the course of the police investigation and not “for the truth
of the matter asserted.” The same occurred when Detective Parisi testified that he had been
“informed by Officer Lee that a subject had tried to redeem one of the stolen lottery tickets
at the Crown Food Store” and when Officer Jeffrey Waters of the Washington Park police
department testified that he had assisted the Sauget police department with the arrest of “an
alleged armed robber” at the store. On appeal, the defendant contends that the objected-to
testimony of Lee, Parisi, and Waters was inadmissible hearsay that denied him a fair trial.
We disagree.
¶ 22 “To qualify as hearsay, an out-of-court statement must be offered to establish the truth
of the matter asserted.” People v. Simms, 143 Ill. 2d 154, 173 (1991). “Testimony about an
out-of-court statement which is used for a purpose other than to prove the truth of the matter
asserted in the statement is not ‘hearsay.’ ” Id. The supreme court has held that law
enforcement officers “may recount the steps taken in the investigation of a crime, and may
describe the events leading up to the defendant’s arrest, where such testimony is necessary
and important to fully explain the State’s case to the trier of fact.” Id. at 174. Additionally,
a law enforcement officer “may testify about his conversations with others, such as victims
or witnesses, when such testimony is not offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted by
the other, but is used to show the investigative steps taken by the officer.” Id. “Testimony
describing the progress of the investigation is admissible even if it suggests that a
nontestifying witness implicated the defendant.” Id. “The admissibility of evidence is within
the sound discretion of the trial court, and its ruling will not be reversed unless there has been
an abuse of that discretion.” People v. Williams, 181 Ill. 2d 297, 313 (1998). “An abuse of
discretion occurs where the trial court’s decision is arbitrary, fanciful or unreasonable
[citation] or where no reasonable person would agree with the position adopted by the trial
court [citations].” People v. Becker, 239 Ill. 2d 215, 234 (2010).
¶ 23 Here, applying these principles to the testimony at issue, we conclude that the testimony
was not hearsay, and the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting it for the limited
purpose of describing the course of the investigation that led to the defendant’s arrest. Simms,
143 Ill. 2d at 174. When overruling defense counsel’s objections, the trial court specifically
instructed the jury that it could only consider the testimony for that limited purpose and was
not to consider it for the truth of the matters asserted. “We must presume, absent a showing
to the contrary, that the jury followed the trial judge’s instructions in reaching a verdict.” Id.Moreover, even assuming, arguendo, that the jury disregarded the trial court’s instructions
and considered the testimony as evidence that the defendant was in possession of a stolen
lottery ticket and was an “alleged armed robber,” any resulting error was harmless in light
of the overwhelming evidence of the defendant’s guilt. See People v. McKown, 236 Ill. 2d
278, 311 (2010).
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¶ 24 Sentence Credit
¶ 25 The defendant lastly argues that although he was arrested and taken into custody on
February 20, 2009, when calculating the credit that he was entitled to receive for time spent
in custody prior to sentencing, the trial court mistakenly used February 21, 2009, as the start
date. The State concedes that the defendant is correct, and we accordingly order that his
mittimus be amended to reflect a start date of February 20, 2009.
¶ 26 CONCLUSION
¶ 27 The State proved the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, and he was not denied
a fair trial by the admission of the testimony that he complains of on appeal. Accordingly,
we hereby affirm the defendant’s conviction. We further order that the defendant’s mittimus
be amended as directed. See People v. Starnes, 374 Ill. App. 3d 132, 144-45 (2007).
¶ 28 Affirmed; mittimus amended.
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