People v. Boston ( 2008 )


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  • Filed 7/9/08                NO. 4-07-0214
    IN THE APPELLATE COURT
    OF ILLINOIS
    FOURTH DISTRICT
    THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS,   )    Appeal from
    Plaintiff-Appellee,          )    Circuit Court of
    v.                           )    McLean County
    MYRON D. BOSTON,                       )    No. 06CF67
    Defendant-Appellant.         )
    )    Honorable
    )    Kevin P. Fitzgerald,
    )    Judge Presiding.
    _________________________________________________________________
    JUSTICE McCULLOUGH delivered the opinion of the court:
    A jury found defendant, Myron D. Boston, guilty of two
    counts of criminal sexual assault (720 ILCS 5/12-13(a)(1) (West
    2004)) and the trial court sentenced him to two consecutive five-
    year prison terms.   Defendant appeals, arguing (1) he was denied
    his right to a fair trial because the State improperly indoctri-
    nated prospective jurors with its view of the case and predis-
    posed them to accept its theories; (2) he was denied his right to
    a fair trial when the court allowed the jury to have transcripts
    of the victim's testimony, which overemphasized her version of
    the facts; and (3) the State failed to prove him guilty of the
    charged offenses beyond a reasonable doubt.      We reverse and
    remand for a new trial.
    The parties are familiar with the evidence presented
    and we discuss it only to the extent necessary to put their
    arguments in context.    On January 18, 2006, the grand jury
    indicted defendant on two counts of criminal sexual assault (720
    ILCS 5/12-13(a)(1) (West 2004)), alleging he knowingly, by the
    use of force or threat of force, committed acts of sexual pene-
    tration with the victim, K.B., involving defendant's hand and
    penis and K.B.'s vagina.    In July 2006, defendant's jury trial
    began but it resulted in a mistrial based on a deadlocked jury.
    On October 10, 2006, defendant's second jury trial
    began.   Evidence presented showed defendant and K.B. had a
    tumultuous, on-again, off-again dating relationship.    K.B.
    testified defendant was physically abusive and jealous and often
    accused her of being with other men.    Over the course of their
    relationship, K.B. obtained two orders of protection against
    defendant and, in November 2004, she contacted police, alleging
    he strangled her with a belt rope and forced her to have sex.
    K.B. stated she had one of the protection orders dismissed after
    being pressured by defendant and was encouraged by defendant to
    recant her allegations in connection with the November 2004
    incident.    The second order of protection remained in effect as
    of the date of the alleged offenses.    K.B. acknowledged that,
    despite those incidents, she always resumed contact with defen-
    dant and the two often engaged in consensual sexual intercourse.
    K.B. testified the incidents in question occurred
    following a trip she took to Chicago in November 2005.    After
    returning from the trip, K.B. invited defendant to her home.      She
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    testified he questioned her about her trip and accused her of
    being with another man.   K.B. asserted defendant became angry,
    called her names, and committed the alleged offenses.
    The evidence showed defendant denied any sexual contact
    with K.B. on the date of the alleged offenses.    Later, however,
    he acknowledged it had occurred but asserted it was consensual.
    Defendant's theory of the case was that any sexual activity
    between him and K.B. was consensual and she made her allegations
    against him because she was angry about his decision to end their
    relationship.
    On October 12, 2006, a jury found defendant guilty of
    both criminal-sexual-assault counts.   On October 18, 2006,
    defendant filed a posttrial motion for a new trial.   Relevant to
    this appeal, he alleged (1) the State failed to prove him guilty
    of the charged offenses beyond a reasonable doubt and (2) the
    trial court erred by providing the jury with a transcript of
    K.B.'s trial testimony during deliberations.   On December 15,
    2006, the court denied defendant's posttrial motion and sentenced
    him to two consecutive five-year prison terms.    On December 21,
    2006, defendant filed a motion to reconsider his sentence.    On
    February 16, 2007, the court denied the motion.
    This appeal followed.
    On appeal, defendant first argues he was denied his
    right to a fair trial as a result of the State's actions during
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    voir dire.   Specifically, he contends the State asked prospective
    jurors questions that improperly indoctrinated them with the
    State's view of the facts and predisposed them to accept its
    theory of the case.
    The State and defendant agree that the defendant failed
    to properly preserve this issue for appellate review by failing
    to object to the State's voir dire questions or raise the issue
    in a posttrial motion.   See People v. Coleman, 
    227 Ill. 2d 426
    ,
    433, 
    882 N.E.2d 1025
    , 1028-29 (2008) ("[T]o preserve an issue for
    appellate review, a defendant must both object at trial and
    present the same issue in a written posttrial motion").   "How-
    ever, the forfeiture rule is an admonition to the parties and not
    a jurisdictional limitation on the reviewing court."    People v.
    Chapman, 
    379 Ill. App. 3d 317
    , 326, 
    883 N.E.2d 510
    , 517 (2007).
    Other reviewing courts have declined to apply forfeiture under
    circumstances similar to the ones in the case at bar.   See People
    v. James, 
    304 Ill. App. 3d 52
    , 57-58, 
    710 N.E.2d 484
    , 489 (1999);
    People v. Bell, 
    152 Ill. App. 3d 1007
    , 1017, 
    505 N.E.2d 365
    , 372
    (1987).   We likewise decline to apply forfeiture and address the
    merits of the issue.
    "A defendant's right to a jury trial mandates a fair
    trial by a panel of impartial jurors."   People v. Gay, 377 Ill.
    App. 3d 828, 834, 
    882 N.E.2d 1033
    , 1038 (2007).   "The purpose of
    voir dire is to assure the selection of an impartial panel of
    - 4 -
    jurors free from either bias or prejudice."     People v. Williams,
    
    164 Ill. 2d 1
    , 16, 
    645 N.E.2d 844
    , 850 (1994).    "[V]oir dire
    questions should confirm a prospective juror's ability to set
    aside feelings of bias and decide the case on the evidence
    presented."   
    Gay, 377 Ill. App. 3d at 835
    , 882 N.E.2d at 1038.
    They must "not directly or indirectly concern matters of law or
    instructions."   Official Reports Advance Sheet No. 8 (April 11,
    2007), R. 431, eff. May 1, 2007.   Also, voir dire "is not to be
    used as a means of indoctrinating a jury, or impaneling a jury
    with a particular predisposition."     People v. Bowel, 
    111 Ill. 2d 58
    , 64, 
    488 N.E.2d 995
    , 998 (1986).
    Generally, questions about specific defenses are
    excluded from voir dire, i.e., questions about beliefs concerning
    mistaken identity, self-defense, or the defense of compulsion.
    People v. Mapp, 
    283 Ill. App. 3d 979
    , 986-87, 
    670 N.E.2d 852
    ,
    857-58 (1996).   An exception exists for matters of intense
    controversy when "simply asking jurors whether they could faith-
    fully apply the law as instructed [is] not enough to reveal juror
    bias and prejudice toward that defense."     
    Mapp, 283 Ill. App. 3d at 987
    , 670 N.E.2d at 858.   Examples of matters found to be
    controversial include the insanity defense, the intoxication
    defense, abortion, and the subject of interracial relationships.
    
    Mapp, 283 Ill. App. 3d at 987
    , 670 N.E.2d at 858.
    The trial court has the primary responsibility for
    - 5 -
    initiating and conducting the voir dire examination.     
    Williams, 164 Ill. 2d at 16
    , 645 N.E.2d at 850.    The manner and scope of
    voir dire rests within the court's discretion.    
    Williams, 164 Ill. 2d at 16
    , 645 N.E.2d at 850.    "An abuse of *** discretion
    will be found only if, after a review of the record, it is
    determined that the conduct of the court thwarted the selection
    of an impartial jury."   
    Williams, 164 Ill. 2d at 16
    , 645 N.E.2d
    at 850.
    Here, the State questioned the first panel of potential
    jurors as follows:
    "MS. FOSTER [Assistant States Attorney]:
    *** First off, this is a case that involves a
    domestic relationship.    Is there anyone in
    the group that believes incidents that arise
    between people who have a dating relation-
    ship, so therefore, a domestic[-]type rela-
    tionship, should not be handled by the State,
    that that[ i]s something personal and the
    State should[ no]t become involved in those
    types of incidents? *** Now, can we all agre-
    e, and if you do[ no]t, just raise your hand,
    that regardless of the type or length of the
    relationship, that there must be consent
    before every sexual act between two people?
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    *** And is there anyone that believes if a
    person or a woman gets an order of protection
    against someone and then invites that person
    over that she has the [order of protection]
    against, does anyone believe that the invita-
    tion itself equals consent to a later sexual
    act? *** And along those same lines, the
    woman with the order of protection, if she
    invites that person over, is there anyone
    that believes the woman is responsible for
    anything violent that may happen after the
    person comes over? *** And is there anyone
    that believes a person consents to a sexual
    act if they do[ no]t scream or fight or kick
    or yell or scratch or hit?     Anyone require a
    victim to do any of those things while she[
    i]s being assaulted? ***."
    The record reflects the State asked substantially similar ques-
    tions of all potential jurors.
    We find the State's questions were improper and served
    to pre-educate and indoctrinate jurors as to the State's theory
    of the case.   Its questions highlighted factual details about the
    case and asked prospective jurors to prejudge those facts.   The
    defense of consent is not so intensely controversial that the
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    general rule against questions about specific defenses should be
    disregarded.     Further, we note, the State's questions improperly
    concerned matters of law or instruction.    The pattern jury
    instruction (Illinois Pattern Jury Instructions, Criminal, No.
    11.63A, at 570 (4th ed. 2000) (hereinafter IPI Criminal 4th No.
    11.63A)) was given to the jury and it provides as follows:
    "The word 'consent' means a freely given
    agreement to the act of [(sexual penetration)
    (sexual conduct)] in question.    Lack of ver-
    bal or physical resistance or submission by
    the victim resulting from the use of force or
    threat of force by the defendant *** shall
    not constitute consent."
    The State questioned prospective jurors about the lack of physi-
    cal resistance during a sexual act, a matter directly covered by
    IPI Criminal 4th No. 11.63A.
    The evidence in the case was close.    The State's
    improper questions were asked of all prospective jurors and may
    have resulted in the selection of a jury that was neither fair
    nor impartial.    We, therefore, reverse defendant's convictions
    and sentences and remand the cause to the trial court for a new
    trial.   As a result of this holding, it is unnecessary to address
    defendant's remaining contentions.
    For the reasons stated, we reverse the trial court's
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    judgment and remand for a new trial.
    Reversed and remanded.
    APPLETON, P.J., and KNECHT, J., concur.
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