People v. Lesure ( 2011 )

SECOND DIVISION
February 8, 2011
No. 1-08-2333
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Cook County
)
v. ) No. 98 CR 4529
)
SHENARD LESURE, ) Honorable
) Joseph M. Claps,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge Presiding.
JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Karnezis and Connors concurred in the judgment..
OPINION
Petitioner Shenard Lesure was charged with first degree murder, attempted first degree
murder, aggravated battery with a firearm, and aggravated battery allegedly committed when he
was 15 years old. Following a bench trial, petitioner was convicted of first degree murder and
attempted first degree murder and was sentenced to consecutive terms of 50 and 25 years’
incarceration in the Illinois Department of Corrections, respectively. Petitioner commenced a
post-conviction proceeding, alleging that his rights to counsel and trial by jury had been violated
and that he had proof of his actual innocence, which had been unavailable at the time of trial.
The trial court dismissed petitioner’s petition following a third-stage evidentiary hearing on the
issue of defendant’s actual innocence. Petitioner appeals that dismissal of his post-conviction
petition. The only issue on appeal is whether the trial court erred in sentencing petitioner as an
adult under the Unified Code of Corrections (730 ILCS 5/5-1-1 et seq. (West 1996)) rather than
No. 1-08-2333
as a juvenile under the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 (705 ILCS 405/1-1 et seq. (West 1996)). For
the following reasons, we affirm.
JURISDICTION
The trial court dismissed defendant’s postconviction petition on July 18, 2008, and
defendant filed his notice of appeal 31 days later on August 18, 2008. Because the thirtieth day
following the trial court’s order was a Sunday, defendant’s notice of appeal was timely filed as
provided in the Statute on Statutes. 5 ILCS 70/1.11 (West 2008) (“The time within which any act
provided by law is to be done shall be computed by excluding the first day and including the last,
unless the last day is Saturday or Sunday or is a holiday as defined or fixed in any statute now or
hereafter in force in this State, and then it shall also be excluded.”). Accordingly, this court has
jurisdiction pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rules 606 and 651 governing appeals from final
judgments of the circuit court in postconviction proceedings. Ill. S. Ct. R. 606 (eff. Sept. 1,
2006); R. 651 (eff. Dec. 1, 1984).
BACKGROUND
A grand jury indicted petitioner on four counts of first degree murder of Porche Smith
(720 ILCS 5/9-1 (West 1998)), attempted first degree murder of Emil Clark (720 ILCS 5/8-4
(West 1998)), aggravated battery with a firearm (720 ILCS 5/12-4.2 (West 1998)), and two
counts of aggravated battery (720 ILCS 5/12-4 (West 1998)). petitioner waived his right to a jury
trial and the State proceeded by way of a bench trial before the Honorable Fred Suria.
Six witnesses testified at the trial: Mary Hammond, the mother of Porche Smith; Emil
Clark, the second victim; Jordasch Robinson, Carlton Reed, and Odell Harris — all members of
the Gangster Disciples gang; and Chicago police pfficer Timothy Karpiel. At trial, the evidence
2
No. 1-08-2333
established that petitioner, a member of the Gangster Disciples (GD), was riding in a van on
Chicago’s southwest side with other GDs on the evening of July 6, 1997, when members of a
rival GD faction opened fire on the vehicle. Petitioner, who was 15 years old at the time of the
shooting and 16 years old at the time of trial, then spoke with some of his GD associates about
taking revenge against the rival faction in response to the shooting of the van. In the early
morning hours of July 7, 1997, petitioner and a youth identified only as “Trell” waited in an
alley near 63rd and Artesian, armed with a 9 millimeter and a .38-caliber firearm. Porche Smith
and Emil Clark were walking along Artesian when petitioner and Trell came out of the alley and
opened fire. Emil Clark was shot in the abdomen, causing him to fall to the ground. While he
was on the ground, Clark heard several gunshots before one of the assailants approached him and
shot him a second time in the leg. Meanwhile, Porche Smith suffered two gunshot wounds to the
head and a third gunshot wound to her left leg. Porche Smith died at the scene. Emil Clark was
able to return home, where he called for an ambulance, and then spent the next week and a half
in the hospital recovering from his injuries.
After the shooting, petitioner told several of his fellow GDs that he had shot a man and a
woman near the alley at 63rd and Artesian early in the morning of July 7, 1997. He then
proceeded to hide out at the apartment of Odell Harris, a fellow GD, for approximately five days
in an attempt to evade police detection. Police eventually apprehended petitioner six months
later at the home of his grandfather and placed him into custody. Once petitioner had been
arrested, Emil Clark identified him in a lineup as the person who had shot him on July 7, 1997.
On December 11, 1998, at the close of the bench trial, the trial court found petitioner
guilty of first degree murder of Porche Smith and attempted murder of Emil Clark. On January
3
No. 1-08-2333
7, 1999, the trial court sentenced petitioner to 50 years’ incarceration with the Illinois
Department of Corrections on the charge of first degree murder and 25 years’ incarceration with
the Illinois Department of Corrections on the charge of aggravated battery, with both terms to be
served consecutively.
Petitioner then appealed, arguing, among other things, that the trial court erred in
sentencing him for aggravated battery when he had actually been convicted of attempted murder.
This court vacated petitioner’s sentence for aggravated battery and remanded the case to the trial
court for sentencing on the attempted murder conviction. People v. Lesure, No. 1-99-0909
(2000) (unpublished order under Supreme Court Rule 23). The trial court subsequently
sentenced petitioner to 25 years’ incarceration with the Illinois Department of Corrections for the
attempted murder conviction, a term to be served consecutively with his sentence for first degree
murder.
On August 16, 2001, petitioner filed a pro se petition for postconviction relief in which
he argued that his conviction should be overturned because he was charged as an adult pursuant
to the Safe Neighborhoods Law (Pub. Act 88-680 (eff. Jan. 1, 1995)), which our supreme court
found unconstitutional in People v. Cervantes, 189 Ill. 2d 80, 89 (1999), because it violated the
single-subject rule. On September 15, 2004, petitioner filed a supplemental amendment to his
petition, alleging that he had proof of his actual innocence. In support of this argument,
petitioner attached an affidavit of Emil Clark, one of the victims petitioner was convicted of
shooting, in which Clark recanted his testimony at trial identifying petitioner as the shooter.
The trial court appointed counsel for petitioner, after which petitioner filed an amended
petition for postconviction relief on April 5, 2006. The amended petition presented three
4
No. 1-08-2333
arguments. First, petitioner alleged that his right to counsel had been violated immediately
preceding the start of his bench trial. Second, petitioner alleged that his right to a jury trial had
been violated because the trial court failed to adequately ascertain whether he knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily waived that right. Finally, petitioner alleged that the recantation of
the only eyewitness to the shooting proved his actual innocence. On September 14, 2006,
petitioner filed a second amended petition reiterating the three claims that he made in his first
amended petition. On September 13, 2007, the trial court entered an order dismissing petitioner’s
first two claims and granting an evidentiary hearing on petitioner’s third claim.
At an evidentiary hearing on March 21, 2008, Emil Clark testified and recanted the
testimony that he gave at petitioner’s December 1998 trial. Specifically, Clark testified that he
had lied while on the witness stand and that petitioner was not the person who shot him. He
claimed that he only identified petitioner as the shooter because he had been pressured to do so
by police. Clark further testified that petitioner’s mother had helped him draft the affidavit which
petitioner had submitted along with his September 15, 2004, supplemental petition. The State
then presented the testimony of Chicago police officers Jean Romic and Thomas Benoit, the
officers who had interviewed Clark in the course of their investigation into the shootings in the
instant case, in rebuttal. Both officers denied ever pressuring Clark into identifying petitioner or
even giving Clark information or photographs that would have helped him identify petitioner in
a lineup.
A second portion of the evidentiary hearing took place on April 17, 2008. There,
LaDonna Smith, a sister of the victim Porche Smith, testified as to threats, harassment, and
intimidation that her family had experienced during and after petitioner’s trial. Ms. Smith
5
No. 1-08-2333
testified that petitioner’s sister made threatening statements towards the Smith family while they
were in the courtroom to observe petitioner’s trial. In addition, a group of unidentified young
men harassed Ms. Smith’s brother in the parking lot of the courthouse. After the trial, the Smith
family eventually moved away from their family home in Chicago because they feared further
intimidation.
On July 9, 2008, the trial court dismissed petitioner’s petition. The trial court explained
the reasoning behind its dismissal of the petition in a written order filed July 18, 2008. After
hearing Clark’s testimony at the evidentiary hearing and comparing it with the transcript of
Clark’s testimony at trial, the trial court found Clark’s recantation not credible. In addition, the
trial court determined that the other evidence presented at trial was sufficient to find petitioner
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt and thus, even if it had found Clark’s recantation credible, the
recantation would not have been sufficient proof of innocence to overturn petitioner’s
conviction.
Defendant then filed this timely appeal.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, petitioner argues that we should reverse his sentence for attempted murder
because petitioner was 15 years old at the time of the offense and the trial court lacked the
authority to sentence him pursuant to the Juvenile Court Act. We note initially that petitioner
raises his sole argument here for the first time on appeal and thus we must first determine
whether this issue was forfeited.
Petitioner cites to People v. Arna, 168 Ill. 2d 107 (1995), for the proposition that a
sentence that does not conform to a statutory requirement is void and may be attacked at any
6
No. 1-08-2333
time. The State, on the other hand, cites to People v. Jones, 213 Ill. 2d 498 (2004), in support of
its position that because petitioner may not raise new issues for the first time on appeal,
petitioner has forfeited his argument here. Jones, 213 Ill. 2d at 509 (“when appellate counsel
discover errors not raised by their clients during the summary, first-stage postconviction
proceedings, the proper course of action for counsel to take is to file a successive petition in
which the newly found claim is properly alleged”). We find that Arna controls here. As our
supreme court has previously stated, the appellate court has the authority to correct void
sentencing orders at any time. Arna, 168 Ill. 2d at 113 (“A sentence which does not conform to a
statutory requirement is void. [Citations] *** [T]he appellate court ha[s] the authority to correct
it at any time***.”); People v. Santana, 388 Ill. App. 3d 961, 964 (2009) (quoting People v.
Rodriguez, 355 Ill. App. 3d 290, 296 (2005)) (“A judgment is void if the court entered it without
personal or subject matter jurisdiction or if the court ‘lacked the power to render the particular
judgment or sentence.’ ”). Thus, if petitioner is correct and his sentencing order on the charge of
attempted murder violated the Juvenile Court Act, that order is void and he has not forfeited that
issue before us.
Petitioner has appealed the trial court’s dismissal of his petition pursuant to the Post-
Conviction Hearing Act, which provides a mechanism through which convicted defendants can
challenge their convictions by asserting substantial denials of their constitutional rights during
their trial. See 725 ILCS 5/122-1 et seq. (West 2006). The Act provides for a three-stage process
in non-death-penalty cases. Jones, 213 Ill. 2d at 503. First, the defendant must file a petition in
the trial court that “clearly set[s] forth the respects in which petitioner’s constitutional rights
were violated.” 725 ILCS 5/122-2 (West 2006). The trial court may dismiss with a written order
7
No. 1-08-2333
any first-stage petitions that are “frivolous” or “patently without merit.” 725 ILCS 5/122-2.1
(West 2006). In order to survive dismissal under section 122-2.1, a pro se petitioner need only
present the gist of a constitutional claim. People v. Porter, 122 Ill. 2d 64, 74 (1988). “Any claim
of substantial denial of constitutional rights not raised in the original or an amended petition is
waived.” 725 ILCS 5/122-3 (West 2006). If the petition survives dismissal under section 122-
2.1, the trial court may appoint counsel to an indigent petitioner. 725 ILCS 5/122-4 (West 2006).
At the second stage, the trial court must determine whether the petition, and any accompanying
documentation, makes a substantial showing of a constitutional violation. People v. Edwards,
197 Ill. 2d 239, 246 (2001). If such a substantial showing is present, then the petition proceeds to
the third stage, in which the trial court conducts an evidentiary hearing. Edwards, 197 Ill. 2d at
246; see also 725 ILCS 5/122-6 (West 2006). The trial court may dismiss the petition or deny
post-conviction relief during any part of the process, and defendants may appeal those decisions.
People v. Gaultney, 174 Ill. 2d 410, 419 (1996).
Standard of Review
In the instant case, petitioner appeals the trial court’s dismissal of his petition after
conducting a third-stage evidentiary hearing. Typically, we would not reverse a determination
made by the trial court following an evidentiary hearing unless that determination were
manifestly erroneous. People v. Montgomery, 192 Ill. 2d 642, 654 (2000); People v. Rovito, 327
Ill. App. 3d 164, 168 (2001). However, because petitioner raises a question of statutory
interpretation, we review de novo. People v. Cardamone, 232 Ill. 2d 504, 511 (2009).
Validity of Petitioner’s Sentence
Petitioner argues that, under the plain language of section 5-4 of the Juvenile Court Act
8
No. 1-08-2333
of 1987, his sentence for attempted murder is void. Specifically, petitioner asserts that because
attempted murder is not an automatically transferable offense under section 5-4(6) (705 ILCS
405/5-4(6) (West 1996)) (repealed by Pub. Act 90-590 (eff. Jan. 1, 1999) (now, as amended, 705
ILCS 405/5-130 (West 2008))), the trial court was obligated to sentence him under the Juvenile
Court Act — as opposed to the Unified Code of Corrections — unless the State filed a written
motion within 10 days of the verdict requesting a hearing for the purpose of sentencing petitioner
as an adult. Because the State made no such motion, petitioner argues, his sentence for attempted
murder is void.
Section 5-4 provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
“(1) Except as provided in this Section, no minor who was
under 17 years of age at the time of the alleged offense may be
prosecuted under the criminal laws of this State or for violation of
an ordinance of any political subdivision of this State.
***
(6)(a) The definition of delinquent minor
under Section 5-3 of this Act shall not apply to any
minor who at the time of an offense was at least 15
years of age and who is charged with first degree
murder, aggravated criminal sexual assault, armed
robbery when the armed robbery was committed
with a firearm, aggravated vehicular hijacking when
the hijacking was committed with a firearm, or
9
No. 1-08-2333
violation of the provisions of paragraph (1), (3), (4),
or (10) of subsection (a) of Section 24-1 of the
Criminal Code of 1961 while in the building or on
the grounds of any elementary or secondary school,
community college, college or university. These
charges and all other charges arising out of the
same incident shall be prosecuted under the
Criminal Code of 1961.
(b) *** If before trial or plea an information
or indictment is filed that includes one or more
charges specified in paragraph (a) of this subsection
(6) and additional charges that are not specified in
that paragraph, all of the charges arising out of the
same incident shall be prosecuted under the
Criminal Code of 1961.
(c)(i) If after trial or plea the minor is
convicted of any offense covered by paragraph (a)
of this subsection (6), then, in sentencing the minor,
the court shall have available any or all dispositions
prescribed for that offense under Chapter V of the
Unified Code of Corrections.
(ii) If after trial or plea the
10
No. 1-08-2333
minor is only convicted of an offense
not covered by paragraph (a) of this
subsection (6), the conviction shall
not invalidate the verdict or the
prosecution of the minor under the
criminal laws of the State; however,
unless the State requests a hearing
for the purpose of sentencing the
minor under Chapter V of the
Unified Code of Corrections, the
Court must proceed under Sections
5-22 and 5-23 of this Act. Should the
State request a hearing, it must do so
by written motion within 10 days
following the entry of a finding or
the return of a verdict. ” (Emphasis
added) 705 ILCS 405/5-4(West
1996).
The principles of statutory interpretation are well established. When reviewing a statute,
we must give effect to the intent of the legislature. Cardamone, 232 Ill. 2d at 512. “ ‘The best
indication of legislative intent is the statutory language, given its plain and ordinary meaning.’ ”
Id. (quoting People v. Christopherson, 231 Ill. 2d 449, 454 (2008)). Where the statutory
11
No. 1-08-2333
language is clear and unambiguous, it must be given effect and we may not look to extrinsic
sources of meaning. Cardamone, 232 Ill. 2d at 512.
Defendant argues that the statutory language of the Juvenile Court Act is unclear where a
juvenile is convicted of both an offense that does automatically transfer the minor into criminal
court, first degree murder, and one that does not — attempted murder. In addition, defendant
argues that the purposes of the Juvenile Court Act require that the State request a hearing as to
whether or not a juvenile should be sentenced pursuant to the Code of Corrections before the
juvenile can be sentenced as an adult.
The State responds that the plain language of section 5-4(6) is clear, namely, that because
petitioner was convicted of first degree murder, subsection (c)(ii) does not apply. In support of
this argument, the State stresses that subsection (c)(ii) applies to only those offenses “not
covered by paragraph (a).” 705 ILCS 405/5-4(6)(c)(ii) (West 1996). Thus, the State would need
to request a transfer-back hearing for sentencing purposes only if a defendant had been convicted
of a nonautomatically transferable offense and not both an automatically transferable offense and
a nonautomatically transferable one. The State also argues that its approach is the more rational
one because “it would be difficult to discern any sound rationale for a defendant who is
convicted and sentenced as an adult for first degree murder to also carry a juvenile court
sentence for an attempt murder that occurred during the same course of conduct.”
We find the State’s reasoning persuasive here. The plain language of section 5-4(6)
provides adequate information to answer the question at issue, namely, under which subsection
— (c)(i) or (c)(ii) — should petitioner have been sentenced for attempted murder. Subsection
(c)(i) states that “If after trial or plea the minor is convicted of any offense covered by paragraph
12
No. 1-08-2333
(a) of this subsection (6) ***” then the minor should be sentenced under the Unified Code of
Corrections, not the Juvenile Court Act. 705 ILCS 405/5-4(6)(c)(i) (West 1996). Thus, in order
to determine whether petitioner should be sentenced under the Unified Code of Corrections, we
must look to paragraph (a) of subsection (6). Paragraph (a) enumerates five charges that are
automatically transferred to criminal court and are not prosecuted under the Juvenile Court Act:
(1) first degree murder, (2) aggravated criminal assault, (3) armed robbery committed with a
firearm, (4) aggravated vehicular hijacking when committed with a firearm, and (5) certain
unlawful uses of a weapon while in or near a school. 705 ILCS 405/5-4(6)(a) (West 1996). Most
importantly, paragraph (a) then goes on to state that “These charges and all other charges
arising out of the same incident” shall be prosecuted in criminal court under the Criminal Code.
(Emphasis added) 705 ILCS 405/5-4(6)(a) (West 1996). Thus, the five enumerated charges and
all other charges arising out of the same incident are covered by paragraph (a).
In the instant case, the question becomes whether petitioner’s conviction for attempted
murder can be considered an “other charge arising out of the same incident” as his conviction for
first degree murder. See 705 ILCS 405/5-4(6)(a) (West 1996). If the attempted murder charge
did arise out of the same incident, it would be covered by subsection (a) and thus subsection
(c)(i) would govern sentencing for both convictions: first degree murder and attempted murder.
Subsection (c)(ii) would apply only if petitioner were convicted of or pled guilty to attempted
murder alone.
Here, the attempted murder charge arose out of the same incident as the first degree
murder charge. As noted above, both victims — Porche Smith and Emil Clark — were shot
during the same incident. The evidence presented at trial established that petitioner and another
13
No. 1-08-2333
person opened fire on Smith and Clark as they were walking past an alley near 63rd Street and
Artisan. Both victims were shot at approximately the same time and at the same place. When
police investigated the shootings, they treated them as a single incident — not two separate
shootings. Although neither party has cited, nor have we been able to discover, any case defining
the phrase “arising out of the same incident” in subsection (c)(i), it seems absurd to consider the
first degree murder of Porche Smith and the attempted murder of Emil Clark two separate
incidents when the victims were shot at the same time and place by the same shooters.
Thus, because the attempted murder charge arose out of the same incident as the first
degree murder charge, it is an “offense covered by paragraph (a).” 705 ILCS 405/5-4(6)(c)(i)
(West 1996). Since the attempted murder is an offense covered by subsection (a), subsection
(c)(i) applies. 705 ILCS 405/5-4(6)(c)(i) (West 1996) (“If after trial or plea the minor is
convicted of any offense covered by paragraph (a) of this subsection (6) ***.”). And because the
attempted murder is an offense covered by subsection (a), subsection (c)(ii) cannot apply since
subsection (c)(ii) applies where a minor is convicted only of an offense not covered by
subsection (a). 705 ILCS 405/5-4(6)(c)(ii) (West 1996) (“If after trial or plea the minor is only
convicted of an offense not covered by paragraph (a) of this subsection (6) ***.”). Accordingly,
pursuant to subsection (c)(i), the trial court could and did properly sentence petitioner under the
Unified Code of Corrections. 705 ILCS 405/5-4(6)(c)(i) (West 1996). In addition, because the
attempted murder charge was an offense covered by paragraph (a) of section 5-4(6), the State did
not need to request a hearing in order to have petitioner sentenced in criminal court.
Accordingly, petitioner’s sentence for attempted murder is not void.
Defendant cites to three cases in support of his argument that we should remand his case
14
No. 1-08-2333
for re-sentencing pursuant to the Juvenile Court Act as opposed to the Unified Code of
Corrections. All of these cases are distinguishable. In People v. Champ, 329 Ill. App. 3d 127(2002), the juvenile defendant was charged with first degree murder and involuntary
manslaughter, but was only convicted on the involuntary manslaughter charge. Champ, 329 Ill.
App. 3d at 128. He was sentenced as an adult under the Unified Code of Corrections and
appealed that sentence, arguing, as defendant does here, that he should have been sentenced as a
juvenile under the Juvenile Court Act. Id. at 129. On appeal, we vacated the defendant’s
sentence because the State failed to request a hearing on the issue of whether he should have
been sentenced as an adult. Id. at 135-36.
In People v. Mathis, 357 Ill. App. 3d 45 (2005), the juvenile defendant was charged with
two counts of possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver, both automatically
transferable offenses under section 5-130(2)(a) of the Juvenile Court Act. Mathis, 357 Ill. App.
3d at 47. In exchange for the State’s dismissal of one of the two counts and a sentencing
recommendation, defendant pled guilty to the second charge of possession with intent to deliver.
Id. During the hearing at which the defendant pled guilty, the defendant “waive[d] juvenile
jurisdiction” and was then sentenced as an adult. Id. at 48. The defendant later filed a petition
seeking to vacate the judgment. Id. On appeal, this court followed its reasoning in Champ and
reversed the defendant’s conviction under the Criminal Code and remanded for adjudication and
resentencing pursuant to the Juvenile Court Act. Id. at 56-57.
In People v. Jardon, 393 Ill. App. 3d 725 (2009), the juvenile defendant was charged
with first degree murder and aggravated unlawful use of a weapon. Jardon, 393 Ill. App. 3d at
726. His case was automatically transferred to criminal court pursuant to section 5-130(1)(a) of
15
No. 1-08-2333
the Juvenile Court Act, where he was found guilty of second degree murder. Id. at 726, 732. The
State filed a motion 33 days after the defendant was convicted in which it requested that the
court sentence the defendant as an adult. Id. at 733. The defendant did not object to the lack of
timeliness of the State’s motion and the trial court subsequently sentenced the defendant as an
adult. Id. Relying on its previous decisions in Champ and Mathis, this court reiterated that the
notice requirements of section 5-130(1)(c)(ii) of the Juvenile Court Act were mandatory. Id. at
741-42. Because of the mandatory nature of the notice requirements, this court found that the
defendant’s sentence was void because the State had failed to request a hearing within 10 days of
conviction on whether the defendant should be sentenced as an adult. Id. at 742.
In all three cases, unlike the case at bar, the juvenile defendant had been convicted of or
pled guilty to only an offense that was not automatically transferable to criminal court, and thus
section 5-4(6) of the Juvenile Court Act governed sentencing. In contrast, petitioner was
convicted of two offenses that were both automatically transferable to criminal court. Petitioner
maintains that the instant case is substantially similar to Champ, Mathis, and Jardon, but we are
not persuaded that those cases require that we reverse petitioner’s sentence for attempted murder
where, as discussed above, paragraph (c)(i) of the Juvenile Court Act clearly governs sentencing.
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the Circuit Court of
Cook County.
Affirmed.
16