Resurrection Home Health Services v. Shannon ( 2013 )

ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS
Appellate Court
Resurrection Home Health Services v. Shannon, 2013 IL App (1st) 111605
Appellate Court RESURRECTION HOME HEALTH SERVICES, Plaintiff and
Caption Counterdefendant-Appellee, v. CATHERINE SHANNON, in Her
Official Capacity as Director of the Department of Labor, and THE
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Defendants and Counterplaintiffs-
Appellants.
District & No. First District, Fourth Division
Docket No. 1-11-1605
Rule 23 Order filed October 18, 2012
Rule 23 Order
withdrawn January 3, 2013
Opinion filed January 10, 2013
Held In an action against the Department of Labor by a provider of home
(Note: This syllabus health care services seeking a declaration that plaintiff was exempt from
constitutes no part of paying overtime wages to its employees, including registered nurses,
the opinion of the court therapists and social workers, the trial court erred as a matter of law in
but has been prepared entering summary judgment for plaintiff on the ground that plaintiff’s
by the Reporter of fee-for-visit compensation system with a guarantee of a weekly minimum
Decisions for the amounted to compensation on a “salary basis” that was exempt from
convenience of the overtime, and a genuine issue of material fact existed as to whether the
reader.)
compensation system qualified as a “fee basis” system for purposes of
being exempt from overtime.
Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 07-M1-111335; the
Review Hon. Nancy J. Arnold, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Reversed and remanded.
Counsel on Lisa Madigan, Attorney General, of Chicago (Michael A. Scodro,
Appeal Solicitor General, and Richard S. Huszagh, Assistant Attorney General,
of counsel), for appellants.
Seyfarth Shaw LLP, of Chicago (Edward W. Bergmann, Steven J.
Pearlman, and Isabel Lazar, of counsel), for appellee.
Panel JUSTICE PUCINSKI delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Presiding Justice Lavin and Justice Fitzgerald Smith concurred in the
judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 BACKGROUND
¶2 Resurrection Home Health Services (Resurrection) is a corporation engaged in the
business of providing health care services to people in their homes under a physician’s
supervision, often after they have been discharged from a hospital. Resurrection employees
who provide these clinical home health care services include: registered nurses (RNs);
physical therapists; occupational therapists; and social workers. Typical functions that RNs
perform during home visits include taking vital signs, management of wounds,
administration of intravenous infusions, and administration of vitamin and medication
injections, drawing laboratory specimens, catheter insertions, care of gastrostomy tube
insertion sites, application of compression bandages, and educating clients.
¶3 In February 2002, Resurrection changed its compensation structure for its RNs, physical
therapists, occupational therapists, and social workers from a fixed salary to a fee-for-visit
compensation which was determined by the number and type of home visits they made. The
fee-for-visit compensation method pays employees a fixed sum for a given task, regardless
of the amount of time it takes to complete the task. Under the new compensation method,
full-time employees (excluding social workers) were required to make at least 30 visits a
week. Part-time employees and full-time social workers were required to make at least 15
visits a week. Casual status employees who were ineligible for employment benefits were
required to make at least 10 visits a week.
¶4 A routine or regular visit had the lowest fee of $34 for an RN, $43 for a physical therapist
and occupational therapists, and $53 for a social worker. RNs received higher fees for other
types of home visits. Employees also received a $2 travel fee for each visit. Based on these
fees, the minimum weekly compensation based on the minimum fee per visit and the
minimum required number of visits for full-time employees for an RN was $1,080, for a
physical therapist was $1,350, for an occupational therapist was $1,350, and for a social
worker was $825. The new compensation plan also provided that in any week in which an
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employee did any work, the employee would receive the greater of the amount determined
under the fee-for-visit method or a minimum weekly payment of $300. Resurrection’s
director of human resources testified that the $300 minimum weekly pay was a figure
“arrived at based on the advice of counsel.” Resurrection’s materials describing the fee-for-
visit compensation system referred to the compensation received from the minimum amount
of required visits, and not the guaranteed minimum weekly pay, as the “ ‘base’ rate of pay.”
In addition, Resurrection paid its employees an hourly rate which it labeled “fees” for time
spent at in-house training sessions and other corporate meetings, and for paid vacations and
sick leave.
¶5 In mid-2004, the minimum guaranteed weekly pay was increased for all workers to $475.
Resurrection also increased its fee-for-visit rates for admission visits to $53 for RNs and $59
for weekend and evening admissions, $67 for regular admissions for physical therapists and
occupational therapists, and $73 for weekend and evening admissions. In July 2006,
Resurrection increased the minimum guaranteed weekly pay to $900 per week for full-time
RNs and social workers and $1,000 for full-time physical therapists. From April 2004 to
September 2007, Resurrection identified about 175 weeks when it supplemented the
employees’ pay under the fee-for-visit structure to pay the guaranteed minimum weekly pay.
¶6 Resurrection did not keep track of the time worked by its employees for their required
work responsibilities and has not paid them any overtime for work performed in excess of
40 hours per week. At-home care services are a covered benefit for Medicare recipients
which require standardized reports to be completed regarding the patient’s condition and
treatment. A routine visit for a client may take half an hour or more, and preparation of the
required postvisit documentation can require substantial additional time. Initial admission
visits take more time than routine visits, both for the actual visit and for the preparation of
the paperwork. Also part of the employees’ work responsibilities was transporting lab
samples, faxing assignments, making telephone calls to order supplies, locating patients,
mapping routes for multiple daily visits, and other administrative matters.
¶7 On or about July 28, 2003, 16 Resurrection workers submitted overtime complaints to
the Illinois Department of Labor (the Department or IDOL) Fair Labor Standards Division.
The Department then conducted an investigation into whether Resurrection’s home health
care clinical workers were exempt from the overtime provisions of the Illinois Minimum
Wage Law (820 ILCS 105/1 et seq. (West 2002))1 under the fee-for-visit compensation
scheme. A compliance officer for the Department completed the investigation on March 23,
2004, and concluded that the employees were professional employees exempt from overtime
requirements. On April 29, 2004, the 16 employees filed a petition to intervene in the
investigation, asserting that the compliance officer’s conclusion was incorrect as a matter of
fact and law and requesting a hearing. On March 23, 2005, the compliance officer completed
1
Reference is made here to the Illinois Minimum Wage Law provisions in effect in 2002
because this was the version in effect at the time of the complaints. However, as detailed below, the
overtime provision was amended in 2004 and litigation in this case limited the relevant time period
for the overtime wages sought from Resurrection by the Department to the period of May 8, 2004,
through September 2, 2006. Thus, later cites to the overtime provision are to the 2004 amendment.
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a second audit, concluding again that the employees were exempt professional employees
who were not entitled to overtime.
¶8 After investigation and hearings, on January 11, 2006, an administrative law judge issued
a decision concluding that Resurrection violated overtime requirements for the 16 employee
nurses, physical therapists, and social workers. Although the administrative law judge found
that the workers were bona fide professional employees, she held that Resurrection’s
compensation structure was not on a “salary basis” or “fee basis” under the Illinois Minimum
Wage Law and incorporated federal regulations, and thus, the employees were not exempt
and were owed overtime wages. The Department issued its decision on June 27, 2007,
concluding that $59,073.74 was owed in overtime wages to seven employees. The chief
administrative law judge held a hearing on Resurrection’s request for review of the decision
that the 16 employees were owed overtime wages. On June 29, 2007, the chief administrative
law judge affirmed the decision. On September 21, 2007, a second audit by the Department
concluded that $322,218.46 was owed in overtime wages to another 166 employees.
Resurrection sought further review of the Department’s decision and appealed the decision
internally to the Director on October 5, 2007. On March 6, 2008, an administrative law
judge, acting as the representative and designee of the Department and its Director, affirmed
the findings of the Department.
¶9 Resurrection subsequently brought this action against the Department, seeking review
of the administrative law judge’s decision of January 11, 2006, and a declaration that the
Department’s own decision was incorrect, and that its clinical home health care workers were
exempt from the Illinois Minimum Wage Law’s overtime requirements. The Department
filed a counterclaim, alleging the relevant time period for the wage structure was May 8,
2004, through September 2, 2006, and seeking a judgment requiring Resurrection to pay
overtime to the affected employees.
¶ 10 Neither Resurrection’s second amended complaint nor the Department’s counterclaim
identified any of the individuals Resurrection claimed were exempt from overtime
compensation. A number of Resurrection employees communicated to Resurrection or its
attorneys that they did not want to participate in the proceedings. Other employees failed to
appear for depositions that Resurrection had scheduled. In its brief, the Department states
that one former Resurrection employee testified at her deposition that Resurrection’s director
of human resources had contacted her and asked whether she wanted to “drop” the case.
However, the employee, Margaret Burszcyk, testified that she forgot about her deposition
and failed to appear, which is when she received the call from Resurrection’s director of
human resources. She testified that she called to reschedule her deposition.
¶ 11 Resurrection subsequently filed a motion to “dismiss the claims of individuals who
opted-out of this lawsuit or, in the alternative, [to] prevent such individuals from recovering
any damages in this case.” Resurrection alleged that some of the individuals identified in its
motion had refused to sit for depositions and that, consequently, their “claims” should be
dismissed. The Department responded that none of the employees in question was a party in
the case, and that in any event, section 12 of the Illinois Minimum Wage Law (820 ILCS
105/12 (West 2004)) gives the Department the authority, independent of the right of an
employee, to enforce the Illinois Minimum Wage Law and bring an action against the
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employer. The Department also argued that the court’s power to impose discovery sanctions
against a party for discovery violations did not authorize the dismissal of its claim as a result
of the actions of nonparty witnesses. At the hearing on Resurrection’s motion, the circuit
court found that while the individuals were not parties who could be dismissed, on the issue
of damages it would be unfair for Resurrection to defend against the Department’s
counterclaim with respect to the individuals who refused to appear for depositions. The court
then entered an order granting Resurrection’s motion in part and prohibiting the Department
from “offering any evidence or making any claim” relating to the issue of damages with
respect to any of the individuals identified by Resurrection as so-called “opt-out” claimants.
¶ 12 Resurrection also filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing that its clinical home
health care workers were “bona fide professionals” who were exempt from the overtime
requirements of the Illinois Minimum Wage Law. The Department filed a cross-motion for
summary judgment arguing these employees were not exempt. The Department stipulated
that the employees were learned professionals and met the requirements set forth in 29
C.F.R. § 541.301(a) (2012). The stipulation sets forth as follows:
“The IDOL stipulates that at all relevant times to the claims and counter-claims in this
lawsuit, RHHS’ Registered Nurses, Physical and Occupational Therapists and MSW
Social Workers performed work requiring knowledge of an advanced type in a field of
science or learning customarily acquired by a prolonged course of specialized intellectual
instruction and study as distinguished from a general academic education and from an
apprenticeship, and from training in the performance of routine mental, manual, or
physical processes within the meaning of 29 C.F.R. 541.301(a).”
The parties remained opposed on the issue of whether the employees were paid on a “salary
or fee basis.”
¶ 13 The circuit court granted Resurrection’s motion for summary judgment and denied the
Department’s cross-motion for summary judgment. The court ruled that Resurrection’s
clinical home health care workers are paid on a salary basis, and not a fee basis, because
Resurrection guaranteed the workers a minimum weekly payment of $300.
¶ 14 The Department appeals the grant of Resurrection’s motion for summary judgment and
denial of its cross-motion for summary judgment, and also appeals the order limiting claims
and damages for employees who did not appear for their depositions.
¶ 15 ANALYSIS
¶ 16 The Department argues that the circuit court erred in granting plaintiff summary
judgment and in denying their cross-motion for partial summary judgment. The Department
also appeals from an earlier order prohibiting the Department from asserting claims or
presenting evidence concerning Resurrection employees who did not appear for their
depositions.
¶ 17 I. Summary Judgment on the Issue of Salary Basis
¶ 18 At issue are the overtime requirements of the Illinois Minimum Wage Law (820 ILCS
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105/1 et seq. (West 2004)), and the incorporated federal regulations, as they apply to home
health care workers. The issue of whether health care workers’ compensation qualifies for
overtime protection has been an issue nationally, with inconsistent results and no clear
definitive regulation stating that such workers are either exempt or not exempt. Rather, the
applicable version of the regulations in this case necessitates an analysis of the pay structure
for these workers. The circuit court below granted Resurrection summary judgment because
it found that Resurrection’s pay structure exempted the employees from overtime pay. The
court denied the Department’s cross-motion for summary judgment. We review whether the
court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of Resurrection was appropriate.
¶ 19 Section 2-1005(b) of the Code of Civil Procedure provides: “A defendant may, at any
time, move with or without supporting affidavits for a summary judgment in his or her favor
as to all or any part of the relief sought against him or her.” 735 ILCS 5/2-1005(b) (West
2008). Summary judgment is appropriate only where “the pleadings, depositions, and
admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as
to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.”
735 ILCS 5/2-1005(c) (West 2008). See also Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Co. v. Alamo
Rent A Car, Inc., 319 Ill. App. 3d 382, 386 (2000) (holding that summary judgment is
appropriate only where there is no genuine issue of material fact and the pleadings,
depositions, and affidavits show that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter
of law). Although summary judgment is appropriate if a plaintiff cannot establish an element
of his claim, it should only be granted when the right of the moving party is clear and free
from doubt. Dardeen v. Kuehling, 213 Ill. 2d 329, 335 (2004). “If, from a review of the
pleadings and evidentiary material before the trial court, a reviewing court determines that
a material issue of fact exists or that the summary judgment was based upon an erroneous
interpretation of the law, a reversal is warranted.” Pagano v. Occidental Chemical Corp., 257
Ill. App. 3d 905, 909 (1994) (citing Reed v. Fleming, 132 Ill. App. 3d 722 (1985), and
Warren v. Lemay, 144 Ill. App. 3d 107 (1986)), appeal denied, 155 Ill. 2d 566 (1994).
Summary judgment orders are reviewed de novo. Outboard Marine Corp. v. Liberty Mutual
Insurance Co., 154 Ill. 2d 90, 102 (1992).
¶ 20 Although the use of a summary judgment procedure is encouraged as an aid in
expeditious disposition of a lawsuit, it is a drastic means of disposing of litigation and should
only be allowed when the right of the moving party is clear and free from doubt. Purtill v.
Hess, 111 Ill. 2d 229, 240 (1986). The court in Williams v. Covenant Medical Center, 316
Ill. App. 3d 682, 688 (2000), explained the two differing types of summary judgment
motions:
“A defendant who moves for summary judgment may meet its initial burden of
production in at least two ways: (1) by affirmatively disproving the plaintiff’s case by
introducing evidence that, if uncontroverted, would entitle the movant to judgment as a
matter of law (traditional test) (see Purtill v. Hess, 111 Ill. 2d 229, 240-41 *** (1986)),
or (2) by establishing that the nonmovant lacks sufficient evidence to prove an essential
element of the cause of action (Celotex test) (see Rice v. AAA Aerostar, Inc., 294 Ill. App.
3d 801, 805 *** (1998), citing Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 *** (1986);
[citation] ).”
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¶ 21 Here, Resurrection brought the first type of motion under Purtill, and argued that it was
entitled to judgment as a matter of law because its employees were exempt. We determine
that the circuit court erred in its interpretation of the Illinois Minimum Wage Law, and
federal provisions which are incorporated by reference, and that it incorrectly granted
summary judgment to Resurrection, as its home health care workers are not exempt from
overtime requirements under the Illinois Minimum Wage Law.
¶ 22 Section 4a(1) of the Illinois Minimum Wage Law generally requires employers to pay
employees time and a half for any hours worked more than 40 in one workweek. 820 ILCS
105/4a(1) (West 2004). In its counterclaim in the instant case, the Department sought
overtime pay for Resurrection workers under Resurrection’s wage structure only from May
8, 2004, through September 2, 2006. In its answer to Department’s counterclaim,
Resurrection admitted that the relevant time period for overtime wages sought under
Resurrection’s wage structure was May 8, 2004, through September 2, 2006. Section 4a of
the Minimum Wage Law in effect during this time period provides the following regarding
overtime wage requirements:
Ҥ 4a. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this Section, no employer shall employ any
of his employees for a workweek of more than 40 hours unless such employee receives
compensation for his employment in excess of the hours above specified at a rate not less
than 1 ½ times the regular rate at which he is employed.
(2) The provisions of subsection (1) of this Section are not applicable to:
***
E. Any employee employed in a bona fide executive, administrative or
professional capacity, including any radio or television announcer, news editor, or
chief engineer, as defined by or covered by the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act of
1938 [29 U.S.C. § 201 et seq.] and the rules adopted under that Act, as both exist on
March 30, 2003, but compensated at the amount of salary specified in subsections (a)
and (b) of Section 541.600 of Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations as
proposed in the Federal Register on March 31, 2003 or a greater amount of salary as
may be adopted by the United States Department of Labor.” 820 ILCS 105/4a (West
2004).
¶ 23 The Illinois General Assembly opted not to define the circumstances under which an
employee is exempt from the overtime requirements of the Wage Law; instead, it has chosen
to defer to decisions by Congress and the United States Department of Labor. Robinson v.
Tellabs, Inc., 391 Ill. App. 3d 60, 65 (2009) (referring to “ ‘bona fide executive,
administrative or professional capacity’ *** ‘as defined by or covered by the Federal Fair
Labor Standards Act of 1938’ ” (quoting 820 ILCS 105/4a(2)(E) (West 2000))). The Fair
Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. § 201 et seq.) sets the standard workweek at 40
hours and requires employers to pay their non-exempt employees one and one-half times
their regular rate of pay for any hours worked in excess of 40. 29 U.S.C. § 207(a)(1) (2006).
A violation of the Illinois Minimum Wage Law is contingent on establishing a violation
under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. § 201 et seq.). Kennedy v.
Commonwealth Edison Co., 410 F.3d 365, 376 (7th Cir. 2005) (citing 820 ILCS 105/4a(2)(E)
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(West 2002)). “The overtime provision of the Illinois Minimum Wage Law, 820 ILCS
105/4a(1), is parallel to that of the [Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. § 201 et
seq.)], and Illinois courts apply the same principles ***.” Urnikis-Negro v. American Family
Property Services, 616 F.3d 665, 672 n.3 (7th Cir. 2010).
¶ 24 The federal Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 grants overtime exemption to “any
employee employed in a bona fide executive, administrative or professional capacity,” but
also does not define those terms. 29 U.S.C. § 213(a)(1) (2000). “Instead, Congress granted
‘the Secretary [of Labor] broad authority to “defin[e] and delimi[t]” the scope of the
exemption for executive, administrative, and professional employees.’ ” Robinson, 391 Ill.
App. 3d at 65 (quoting Auer v. Robbins, 519 U.S. 452, 456 (1997), and citing 29 U.S.C.
§ 213(a)(1) (2000)).
¶ 25 Part 541 of the Secretary of Labor’s Fair Labor Standards Act regulations defines and
delimits the exemptions for executive, administrative, professional, computer and outside
sales employees. 29 C.F.R. pt. 541. Subpart A contains general regulations, including
definitions of certain terms used in the regulations. 29 C.F.R. § 541.0 et seq. Subpart D
governs professional employees. 29 C.F.R. § 541.300 et seq. Subpart G contains salary
requirements for the various exempt categories. 29 C.F.R. § 541.600 et seq. We examine
each of the relevant regulations in turn to determine whether the employees under
Resurrection’s pay structure at issue in this case are exempt from overtime pay requirements
as a matter of law.
¶ 26 “Under the United States Department of Labor’s *** regulations, the employer must
satisfy two tests to exempt its employees from overtime pay.” Robinson, 391 Ill. App. 3d at
65 (citing Corning Glass Works v. Brennan, 417 U.S. 188, 196-97 (1974)). “First, the
employee must perform executive, administrative, or professional duties (‘the duties test’);
second, the employee must be paid on a ‘salary basis’ (‘the salary basis test’).” Robinson, 391
Ill. App. 3d at 65-66 (citing 29 C.F.R. §§ 541.1-541.3 (2001)).
¶ 27 Section 541.301 of title 29, part 541, subpart D, defines learned professionals as follows:
Ҥ 541.301 Learned professionals.
(a) To qualify for the learned professional exemption, an employee’s primary duty
must be the performance of work requiring advanced knowledge in a field of science or
learning customarily acquired by a prolonged course of specialized intellectual
instruction. This primary duty test includes three elements:
(1) The employee must perform work requiring advanced knowledge;
(2) The advanced knowledge must be in a field of science or learning; and
(3) The advanced knowledge must be customarily acquired by a prolonged course of
specialized intellectual instruction.” 29 C.F.R. § 541.301 (2004).
¶ 28 The Department here stipulated that the home health care workers were “learned
professionals” as defined in section 541.301(a) of the regulations under the federal Fair
Labor Standards Act. See 29 C.F.R. § 541.301(a). Thus, the “duties test” here is met and
undisputed. Only the “salary basis test” and, alternatively, the “fee basis” test are at issue.
¶ 29 The Department argues that the circuit court’s determination that Resurrection’s fee-for-
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visit with a guaranteed minimum weekly pay was a “salary basis” of compensation does not
comport with the administrative interpretation of this requirement under Robinson, 391 Ill.
App. 3d 60. Resurrection argues that its compensation structure qualifies as a “salary basis”
because of the minimum guaranteed weekly pay amount.
¶ 30 Section 4a(2)(E) of the Minimum Wage Law in effect for the relevant time period applies
to an
“employee employed in a bona fide executive, administrative or professional capacity
***, as defined by or covered by the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 [(29
U.S.C. § 201 et seq.)] and the rules adopted under that Act, as both exist on March 30,
2003, but compensated at the amount of salary specified in subsections (a) and (b) of
Section 541.600 of Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations as proposed in the
Federal Register on March 31, 2003 or a greater amount of salary as may be adopted by
the United States Department of Labor. “ (Emphases added.) 820 ILCS 105/4a (West
2004).
The term “salary basis” is defined in section 541.602. 29 C.F.R. § 541.602 (2012). Section
541.118(a) defines “salary basis” for “bona fide professional employees” as follows:
“(a) An employee will be considered to be paid ‘on a salary basis’ within the meaning
of the regulations if under his employment agreement he regularly receives each pay
period on a weekly, or less frequent basis, a predetermined amount constituting all or
part of his compensation, which amount is not subject to reduction because of variations
in the quality or quantity of the work performed. Subject to the exceptions provided
below, the employee must receive his full salary for any week in which he performs any
work without regard to the number of days or hours worked. This policy is also subject
to the general rule that an employee need not be paid for any workweek in which he
performs no work.” (Emphases added.) 29 C.F.R. § 541.118(a) (2003).2
¶ 31 Section 541.118(b) also includes a minimum weekly amount, plus extra compensation,
as a pay structure that qualifies as a “salary basis” of compensation, and explains as follows:
“(b) Minimum guarantee plus extras. It should be noted that the salary may consist
of a predetermined amount constituting all or part of the employee’s compensation. In
other words, additional compensation besides the salary is not inconsistent with the
salary basis of payment. The requirement will be met, for example, by a branch manager
who receives a salary of $155 or more a week and in addition, a commission of 1 percent
of the branch sales. The requirement will also be met by a branch manager who receives
a percentage of the sales or profits of the branch, if the employment arrangement also
includes a guarantee of at least the minimum weekly salary (or the equivalent for a
monthly or other period) required by the regulations. Another type of situation in which
the requirement will be met is that of an employee paid on a daily or shift basis, if the
employment arrangement includes a provision that the employee will receive not less
than the amount specified in the regulations in any week in which the employee performs
2
29 C.F.R. § 541.118 was amended in 2004. The parties assert, and we agree, that the
preamendment version of section 541.118 applies.
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any work. Such arrangements are subject to the exceptions in paragraph (a) of this
section. The test of payment on a salary basis will not be met, however, if the salary is
divided into two parts for the purpose of circumventing the requirement of single
payment ‘on a salary basis’. For example, a salary of $200 in each week in which any
work is performed, and an additional $50 which is made subject to deductions which, are
not permitted under paragraph (a) of this section.” 29 C.F.R. § 541.118(b) (2003).
¶ 32 Further, section 4a of the Illinois Minimum Wage Law (820 ILCS 105/4a (West 2004))
requires that the amount of salary must be no less than the amount specified in section
541.600 of title 29 in the Code of Federal Regulations in effect on March 31, 2003, which
was as follows:
Ҥ 541.600 Amount of salary required.
(a) To qualify as an exempt executive, administrative or professional employee under
section 13(a)(1) of the Act, an employee must be compensated on a salary basis at a rate
of not less than $455 per week ***.” 29 C.F.R. § 541.600(a) (2012).
¶ 33 The circuit court here granted Resurrection summary judgment because it found that
Resurrection’s compensation structure qualified under the salary basis test and was exempt:
“In sum, the court finds that by guaranteeing that its employees’ salaries never fall below a
weekly minimum, Resurrection’s compensation plan is salary-based as defined by 29 CFR
[§] 541.118.” We find this determination was error as a matter of law.
¶ 34 Under section 541.118(a), a “ ‘predetermined amount’ is defined as the amount that is
‘regularly receive[d] each pay period.’ ” (Emphases omitted.) Hurley v. Oregon, 27 F.3d 392,
395 (9th Cir. 1994) (quoting 29 C.F.R. § 541.118(a) (2001)). In Hurley, the Ninth Circuit
Court of Appeals held that because the Oregon State Police could reduce pay for violations
of department rules or policies, the affected employees were not “paid on a ‘salary basis.’ ”
Hurley, 27 F.3d at 393. The court in Hurley held:
“[C]ompensation that is subject to change by the employer at the end of each pay period
is simply not a ‘salary’–under the applicable regulation or the plain meaning of that term.
The state cannot be permitted to circumvent the express language and clear purpose of
the regulations with its artificial distinction, regardless of its ingenuity.” (Emphases in
original.) Hurley, 27 F.3d at 396.
¶ 35 Similarly here, the fact that the weekly pay was subject to change, and that the guaranteed
minimum rate was only paid in the event the regular fee-for-visit compensation fell short,
demonstrates that it simply is not a salary. Resurrection’s guaranteed minimum was not paid
each pay period; rather, it was an alternative only when the fees-for-visit were too low. In
other words, the guaranteed minimum was not part of the employees’ base pay paid every
week. Thus, it is not compensation on a “salary basis.” Had the structure been a set minimum
amount paid every pay period, supplemented with fees-for-visits, it would have qualified as
a “salary basis” compensation structure. See 29 C.F.R. § 541.118(b) (2003). As it was,
however, the guaranteed minimum was only a fallback alternative level of compensation and
was not paid every pay period. Thus, Resurrection’s employees were not paid on a “salary
basis,” and so are not exempt from the Illinois Minimum Wage Law on this basis.
¶ 36 Further, we find that Resurrection’s reliance on Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Natural Resources
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Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 843-44 (1984), in arguing that the United States
Department of Labor’s interpretation in opinion letters cited by the Department (Dep’t of
Labor Wage & Hour Op. Ltr. (Sept. 3, 1999), 1999 WL 1788150; Dep’t of Labor Wage &
Hour Op. Ltr. (Dec. 30, 1988), 1998 WL 1147746) not only is disingenuous, but also
undercuts Resurrection’s own argument, as Resurrection itself also cites to opinion letters
(Dep’t. of Labor Wage & Hour Op. Ltr. (Jan. 20, 1998), 1998 DOLWH LEXIS 4). We have
previously noted that Congress gave the United States Secretary of Labor broad authority to
define the scope of the exemption. Robinson, 391 Ill. App. 3d at 65 (quoting Auer v. Robbins,
519 U.S. 452, 456 (1997), and citing 29 U.S.C. § 213(a)(1) (2000)). The United States
Department of Labor’s interpretation of its own regulation has been held as “controlling
‘unless [it is] plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation.’ ” Robinson, 391 Ill. App.
3d at 66-67 (quoting Auer, 519 U.S. at 461). However, as many courts have recognized, the
Supreme Court has retreated from the broad sweep of Chevron. In Christensen v. Harris
County, 529 U.S. 576 (2000), the Supreme Court held that a court must give effect to an
agency’s regulation containing a reasonable interpretation of an ambiguous statute, but
interpretations such as those in opinion letters, like interpretations contained in policy
statements, agency manuals, and enforcement guidelines, all of which lack the force of law,
do not warrant such deference. Christensen, 529 U.S. at 587.
¶ 37 We find that the regulations regarding the overtime exemption requirements are clear and
do not necessitate analysis of, or deference to, the opinion letters. Section 541.118(a) in title
29 of the Code of Federal Regulations specifically requires that, to qualify as payment on a
“salary basis,” the employee must “regularly receive[ ] each pay period on a weekly, or less
frequent basis, a predetermined amount constituting all or part of his compensation.”
(Emphases added.) 29 C.F.R. § 541.118(a) (2003). The undisputed facts establish that the
alternative minimum pay guaranteed by Resurrection was not regularly received by the
employees each pay period as all or part of their compensation. They received either their
fee-for-visit compensation, or they received the minimum amount. The minimum amount
was not part of their regular weekly pay every pay period. Thus, we agree with the
Department that Resurrection’s wage structure does not meet the “salary basis” test.
¶ 38 Having concluded that the wage structure itself does not meet the “salary basis” test, and
that we are not bound to give deference to opinion letters, we therefore need not reach the
parties’ argument regarding whether the alternative minimum salary meets the “reasonable
relationship to regular pay” test articulated in an opinion letter prior to 2004. We do,
however, note that Resurrection’s reliance on the minimum guaranteed salary amounts
instituted in July 2006 as being “exceptionally close” to the pay that was actually received
is not well grounded, as these salary amounts were instituted in July 2006, a time period that
is not relevant to this case. The investigation and hearing before the administrative law judge
took place in 2004 and 2005, and the administrative law judge issued her decision on January
11, 2006, finding Resurrection’s pre-2006 pay structure was unlawful. From 2002 until mid-
2004, Resurrection’s employees’ alternative minimum weekly pay was $300. From May
2004 until June 2006, Resurrection’s employees’ alternative minimum weekly pay was $475,
which is hardly a figure that can correspond to the employees’ normal weekly pay.
¶ 39 The parties allege differing time periods for analysis of the wage structure. Although
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Resurrection contends that the relevant time period for analysis of its compensation structure
is April 24, 2004, through September 2, 2006, the time period alleged in the Department’s
counterclaim, Resurrection’s second amended complaint sought review of the administrative
law judge’s January 11, 2006, decision, and subsequent affirmance of its decision on June
29, 2007. That decision was the determination that the 16 employees who first submitted
their claims for overtime on July 28, 2003 were not exempt from overtime requirements.
Resurrection sought a declaratory judgment regarding the pay practices at issue in the
original claim filed on July 28, 2003. Thus, the compensation structure in place, and
overtime owed, through 2003 was at issue in Resurrection’s second amended complaint
seeking review of the administrative law judge’s decision and subsequent decision by the
chief administrative law judge. The Department’s counterclaim, on the other hand, alleged
the relevant time period for the wage structure was May 8, 2004, through September 2, 2006.
¶ 40 However, although beginning in July 2006, the alternative minimum weekly pay was
increased to $900 per week for full-time RNs and social workers and $1,000 for full-time
physical therapists, the alternative minimum weekly pay was still not regularly paid each pay
period. As we have stated, the alternative minimum guaranteed weekly pay amount was not
regularly paid each week, even after the 2004 and 2006 increases in the minimum guaranteed
amount, and thus Resurrection’s compensation structure does not qualify as a “salary basis”
under the applicable federal regulations. Therefore, we conclude the circuit court erred as a
matter of law in granting Resurrection summary judgment on this basis.
¶ 41 II. Genuine Issue of Material Fact Regarding “Fee Basis” Test
¶ 42 We also find that summary judgment was inappropriately granted because there is a
genuine issue of material fact whether the employees’ salary meets the “fee basis” test.
¶ 43 The term “fee basis” is defined at section 541.605. 29 C.F.R. § 541.605. Section 541.605
provides as follows:
“§§ 541.605 Fee basis.
(a) Administrative and professional employees may be paid on a fee basis, rather than
on a salary basis. An employee will be considered to be paid on a ‘fee basis’ within the
meaning of these regulations if the employee is paid an agreed sum for a single job
regardless of the time required for its completion. These payments resemble piecework
payments with the important distinction that generally a ‘fee’ is paid for the kind of job
that is unique rather than for a series of jobs repeated an indefinite number of times and
for which payment on an identical basis is made over and over again. Payments based
on the number of hours or days worked and not on the accomplishment of a given single
task are not considered payments on a fee basis.
(b) To determine whether the fee payment meets the minimum amount of salary
required for exemption under these regulations, the amount paid to the employee will be
tested by determining the time worked on the job and whether the fee payment is at a rate
that would amount to at least $455 per week if the employee worked 40 hours. Thus, an
artist paid $250 for a picture that took 20 hours to complete meets the minimum salary
requirement for exemption since earnings at this rate would yield the artist $500 if 40
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hours were worked.” (Emphases added.) 29 C.F.R. § 541.605.
¶ 44 Further, section 514.313, which was in effect on March 31, 2003 (see 820 ILCS 105/4a
(West 2002)) (incorporating the rules adopted under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act of
1938 that were in effect on March 31, 2003), provides, in full, as follows:
Ҥ 541.313 Fee basis.
(a) The requirements for exemption as a professional (or administrative) employee
may be met by an employee who is compensated on a fee basis as well as by one who is
paid on a salary basis.
(b) Little or no difficulty arises in determining whether a particular employment
arrangement involves payment on a fee basis. Such arrangements are characterized by
the payment of an agreed sum for a single job regardless of the time required for its
completion. These payments in a sense resemble piecework payments with the important
distinction that generally speaking a fee payment is made for the kind of job which is
unique rather than for a series of jobs which are repeated an indefinite number of times
and for which payment on an identical basis is made over and over again. Payments
based on the number of hours or days worked and not on the accomplishment of a given
single task are not considered payments on a fee basis. The type of payment
contemplated in the regulations in subpart A of this part is thus readily recognized.
(c) The adequacy of a fee payment. Whether it amounts of payment at a rate of not
less than $170 per week to a professional employee or at a rate of not less than $155 per
week to an administrative employee can ordinarily be determined only after the time
worked on the job has been determined. In determining whether payment is at the rate
specified in the regulations in subpart A of this part the amount paid to the employee will
be tested by reference to a standard workweek of 40 hours. Thus compliance will be
tested in each case of a fee payment by determining whether the payment is at a rate
which would amount to at least $170 per week to a professional employee or at a rate of
not less than $155 per week to an administrative employee if 40 hours were worked.
(d) The following examples will illustrate the principle stated above:
(1) A singer receives $50 for a song on a 15-minute program (no rehearsal time is
involved). Obviously the requirement will be met since the employee would earn $170
at this rate of pay in far less than 40 hours.
(2) An artist is paid $100 for a picture. Upon completion of the assignment, it is
determined that the artist worked 20 hours. Since earnings at this rate would yield the
artist $200 if 40 hours were worked, the requirement is met.
(3) An illustrator is assigned the illustration of a pamphlet at a fee of $150. When the
job is completed, it is determined that the employee worked 60 hours. If the employee
worked 40 hours at this rate, the employee would have earned only $100. The fee
payment of $150 for work which required 60 hours to complete therefore does not meet
the requirement of payment at a rate of $170 per week and the employee must be
considered nonexempt. It follows that if in the performance of this assignment the
illustrator worked in excess of 40 hours in any week, overtime rates must be paid.
Whether or not the employee worked in excess of 40 hours in any week, records for such
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an employee would have to be kept in accordance with the regulations covering records
for nonexempt employees (part 516 of this chapter).” (Emphasis added.) 29 C.F.R.
§ 541.313 (2003).
¶ 45 Resurrection argues that the work performed by its home health care workers was
sufficiently unique to meet the “fee basis” test, relying on Fazekas v. Cleveland Clinic
Foundation Health Care Ventures, Inc., 204 F.3d 673, 679 (6th Cir. 2000), where the court
found that home healthcare nurses’ work was unique for each visit. Meanwhile, the
Department contends the workers perform a series of repetitive duties such that they do not
qualify for an exemption from overtime pay requirements. The court in Fazekas
acknowledged that the Department of Labor’s opinion letters were inconsistent regarding the
uniqueness of the work of home health care nurses and whether such workers were exempt
from overtime pay provisions. Fazekas, 204 F.3d at 679. We note that Fazekas was decided
before the Supreme Court decision in Christensen holding that agency interpretations do not
warrant deference, while a regulation does. Christensen, 529 U.S. at 587. Thus, we again do
not look to the opinion letters. There has yet to be clear guidance in the federal regulations
on the issue of home health care workers.
¶ 46 However, we do find the court’s analysis in Fazekas instructive. The court in Fazekas
acknowledged that the work of home health care workers may vary from case to case. The
Fazekas appeals court held that there were “unique circumstances” confronting the workers
during each patient visit under the facts of that case, and thus the workers were exempt from
overtime requirements. Fazekas, 204 F.3d at 678. However, the court acknowledged:
“In other circumstances, however, the work of nurses performing home health care visits
may indeed become merely ‘a series of jobs which are repeated an indefinite number of
times,’ 29 C.F.R. § 313(b), and in such cases those nurses would not qualify for the
professional exemption.” Fazekas, 204 F.3d at 679.
¶ 47 Here the parties dispute whether the nature of the work of Resurrection’s nurses,
therapists and social workers was sufficiently repetitive as to require overtime, or whether
each patient visit was sufficiently unique under federal regulation section 541.313 (29 C.F.R.
§ 541.313). Resurrection argues that the workers testified that each patient’s needs and
conditions differed and their conditions changed from visit to visit. Meanwhile, the
Department cites to testimony where a home health care nurse testified “the patient’s [sic]
are not routine, but what I do is pretty much routine.” The Department also cites to further
testimony that the work was “pretty much *** routine protocols, *** routine care for each
patient, but it varies from one diagnosis to [a] different diagnosis.”
¶ 48 We find there is a genuine issue of material fact whether Resurrection’s pay structure for
its home health care employees qualifies as a “fee basis” method of compensation. Therefore,
on this additional basis, the grant of summary judgment in favor of Resurrection must be
reversed. Although we have found that the circuit court erred in granting summary judgment
as a matter of law to Resurrection in finding that its compensation structure satisfied the
“salary basis” test, we cannot on the other hand conclusively determine that Resurrection’s
compensation structure satisfies the “fee basis” test as a matter of law. Thus, the denial of
the Department’s cross-motion for summary judgment was not error. There is a genuine issue
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of material fact whether the “fee basis” test was met under the facts of this case, and thus the
circuit court erred in granting summary judgment to Resurrection.
¶ 49 III. Order Limiting the Department’s Claim for Damages
¶ 50 The Department also argues that the circuit court’s “opt-out” order limiting the
Department’s pursuit of its claim regarding certain Resurrection employee witnesses who did
not appear for their deposition was error. We agree.
¶ 51 As the Department correctly argues, when a nonparty fails to comply with a subpoena for
deposition, Supreme Court Rule 204(d) permits the court to compel the nonparty’s
appearance, but it does not permit the court to punish a party for the nonparty’s failure to
appear. Ill. S. Ct. R. 204(d) (eff. Dec. 16, 2010). Rule 219(c) authorizes the court to enter
sanctions, which include barring a witness from testifying on an issue and barring the
offending party from maintaining a claim when a nonparty fails to comply with his discovery
obligations, but such noncompliance must be “at the instance of or in collusion with a party.”
Ill. S. Ct. R. 219(c) (eff. July 1, 2002). We note that the nonparty witnesses were not even
under the control of the Department, but rather, instead, can be said to be more appropriately
considered under the control of Resurrection, since they were Resurrection’s employees. See
Vortanz v. Elmhurst Memorial Hospital, 179 Ill. App. 3d 584, 591 (1989) (holding that the
dismissal in medical malpractice action after patient’s expert failed to appear for deposition
on date ordered by trial judge was an abuse of discretion where the expert was not under the
direct control of the plaintiff or his attorneys). We will not speculate whether Resurrection
intended to actually not depose the witnesses or did anything to discourage their appearance.
However, there is no evidence that the witnesses failed to appear “at the instance of or in
collusion with” the Department. See Walton v. Throgmorton, 273 Ill. App. 3d 353, 358
(1995) (holding that dismissal as discovery sanction for the failure of the plaintiff to take the
depositions of the defendant and defense counsel’s secretary before discovery deadline was
improper because there was no indication that discovery was thwarted by plaintiff). The
circuit court’s sanction of barring the Department’s claims regarding the non-appearing
Resurrection employee witnesses was an abuse of discretion.
¶ 52 Further, regardless of whether these employees wished to cooperate and collect any
damages, the Department has not only an independent statutory right to sue an employer for
noncompliance with the Illinois Minimum Wage Law (820 ILCS 105/12(b) (West 2004)),
but it is the “duty” of the Department “to inquire diligently for any violations of this Act, and
to institute the action for penalties herein provided, and to enforce generally the provisions
of this Act.” 820 ILCS 105/11(d) (West 2004). There is no “opt-out” provision under the
Illinois Minimum Wage Law. See 820 ILCS 105/1 et seq. (West 2004). On the contrary,
there is a strong public policy stated in the Illinois Minimum Wage Law:
“It is against public policy for an employer to pay to his employees an amount less
than that fixed by this Act. Payment of any amount less than herein fixed is an
unreasonable and oppressive wage, and less than sufficient to meet the minimum cost of
living necessary for health. Any contract, agreement or understanding for or in relation
to such unreasonable and oppressive wage for any employment covered by this Act is
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void.” 820 ILCS 105/2 (West 2004).
Thus, without any proof of sanctionable conduct, the court cannot limit the Department’s
right to pursue claims on behalf of the employees.
¶ 53 We also find merit in the Department’s argument that the court could not use any
purported difficulty in proving damages as a reason to bar the Department from pursuing this
action regarding the employees at issue who did not appear for their deposition. Section 8
of the Illinois Minimum Wage Law requires the employer to keep records of the hours
worked by its employees. See 820 ILCS 105/8 (West 2004). Therefore, the order was an
abuse of discretion and must be reversed and vacated.
¶ 54 CONCLUSION
¶ 55 We determine the circuit court erred in granting summary judgment for two reasons.
First, the court erred as a matter of law in finding that Resurrection’s wage structure was a
“salary basis” of compensation under the applicable federal regulations incorporated by the
Illinois Minimum Wage Law. Second, there is a genuine issue of material fact whether the
work performed by Resurrection employees qualifies under the “fee basis” test in the federal
regulations. Thus, granting summary judgment to Resurrection was inappropriate and we
reverse and remand for further proceedings. Due to the existence of genuine issues of
material fact, the denial of the Department’s cross-motion for summary judgment was not
erroneous and therefore we affirm that order denying the Department’s motion.
¶ 56 We also determine that the circuit court’s order barring the Department’s claims under
the Illinois Minimum Wage Law as to certain employees who did not appear for deposition
was an abuse of discretion, as there was no evidence the non-appearing witnesses failed to
appear for their depositions at the instance of or in collusion with the Department. There also
was no basis for the order where the Department had an independent right and duty to
maintain an action under the Illinois Minimum Wage Law on behalf of the non-appearing
employee witnesses.
¶ 57 Reversed and remanded.
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