Schloss v. Jumper ( 2014 )

Illinois Official Reports
Appellate Court
Schloss v. Jumper, 2014 IL App (4th) 121086Appellate Court JEREMY L. SCHLOSS, Plaintiff-Appellant, and WALTER
Caption PEGUES, Plaintiff, v. SHAN JUMPER, FORREST ASHBY, and
THE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES, Defendants-
Appellees.
District & No. Fourth District
Docket No. 4-12-1086
Rule 23 Order filed April 23, 2014
Rule 23 Order
withdrawn June 5, 2014
Opinion filed June 5, 2014
Held On appeal from the dismissal of the pro se amended complaint filed by
(Note: This syllabus a detainee civilly committed under the Sexually Violent Persons
constitutes no part of the Commitment Act alleging, in multiple counts, various inadequacies in
opinion of the court but his treatment program, the only viable claim before the appellate court
has been prepared by the was the allegation that unreasonable restrictions were imposed on free
Reporter of Decisions speech by restricting access to forms of media based on security and
for the convenience of therapy concerns, and the appellate court held that the media
the reader.) restrictions, including the restrictions on access to movies and video
games on a prohibited media list “which contains titles with sexual
and/or graphic violent themes deemed especially counter-
therapeutic,” were reasonable and not unconstitutional, especially in
view of the review procedure available for specific unrated movies
and games and the fact that unrestricted access to all media would
likely interfere with treatment efforts and the operation of a secure and
orderly facility.
Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Schuyler County, No. 12-CH-6; the
Review Hon. Alesia A. McMillen, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Affirmed.
Counsel on Jeremy L. Schloss, of Rushville, appellant pro se.
Appeal
Craig L. Unrath, of Heyl, Royster, Voelker & Allen, of Peoria, and
Shay H. Matthews, of Heyl, Royster, Voelker & Allen, of
Edwardsville, for appellee Shan Jumper.
Lisa Madigan, Attorney General, of Chicago (Michael A. Scodro,
Solicitor General, and Christopher M.R. Turner, Assistant Attorney
General, of counsel), for other appellees.
Panel JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Pope and Knecht concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 In September 2012, plaintiff, Jeremy L. Schloss, a detainee in the Rushville Treatment and
Detention Center, filed a pro se amended complaint against defendants, Shan Jumper and
Forrest Ashby, alleging defendants imposed unreasonable restrictions on free speech by
restricting plaintiff’s access to various forms of media based on security or therapy concerns.
In November 2012, defendants filed separate motions to dismiss, which the trial court granted.
¶2 On appeal, plaintiff argues the trial court erred in granting defendants’ motions to dismiss.
We affirm.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 Plaintiff has been civilly committed pursuant to the Sexually Violent Persons Commitment
Act (Act) (725 ILCS 207/1 to 99 (West 2010)). Plaintiff has finished serving his criminal
sentence but has been detained indefinitely in a secure Department of Human Services (DHS)
facility for treatment because he has been found beyond a reasonable doubt to suffer from a
“mental disorder that makes it substantially probable that [he] will engage in acts of sexual
violence.” 725 ILCS 207/5(f) (West 2010). A detainee under this Act may petition for
conditional release annually, but conditional release is granted only if enough progress in
treatment has been made that the detainee is no longer substantially probable to engage in acts
of sexual violence if on conditional release. 725 ILCS 207/60 (West 2010).
¶5 Plaintiff has been civilly committed to DHS custody since July 2008. Plaintiff resides in
the Rushville Treatment and Detention Center in Rushville, Illinois, a facility operated by
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DHS. Defendant Shan Jumper is the clinical director of the facility and defendant Forrest
Ashby is the facility’s director.
¶6 On February 29, 2012, plaintiff and Walter Pegues filed a pro se civil rights complaint
against Jumper, Ashby, and DHS alleging violations of the United States Constitution and the
Illinois Constitution. Defendants filed separate motions to dismiss, arguing plaintiffs failed to
comply with Illinois pleading requirements and failed to state claims upon which relief could
be granted. Following a hearing on July 26, 2012, the trial court dismissed plaintiffs’ complaint
with leave to amend.
¶7 On September 27, 2012, plaintiffs filed a five-count amended complaint, naming only
Jumper and Ashby as defendants. Plaintiffs alleged in count I defendants failed to provide
treatment that offered a realistic opportunity to meet the statutory requirements for release
from confinement, in violation of the fourteenth amendment. In count II, plaintiffs alleged a
violation of substantive due process, claiming defendants failed to clearly define rules of
conduct, failed to provide a grievance procedure, and enacted policies based on security issues
that do not exist, and additional allegations involving the inadequacies of the treatment
program, such as a lack of sufficiently trained staff.
¶8 Plaintiffs alleged in count III a violation of their right to free speech by defendants
restricting plaintiffs’ access to various forms of media based on security or therapy concerns.
Specifically, plaintiffs alleged defendants published and distributed a list “of movies and video
games that are restricted, and/or prohibited based upon their [Motion Picture Association of
America (MPAA)] or [Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB)] rating, and ‘Unrated’
media is deemed contraband and prohibited.” Plaintiffs asserted these guidelines effectively
ban unrated media. Plaintiffs alleged the rating systems are not a proper basis for determining
which media may be purchased or possessed by residents of a detention and treatment facility.
Plaintiffs admitted a resident handbook provides unrated media may be submitted to a
treatment team for approval for resident-viewing purposes. Plaintiffs asserted, however, “[i]t
would be a futile effort to *** seek approval because *** defendants have already declared ***
the media *** prohibited.”
¶9 Plaintiffs alleged further, in count IV of the amended complaint, a claim for violation of
due-process rights under the fourteenth amendment where defendants’ actions resulted in
overly restrictive and punitive conditions. In count V, plaintiffs alleged defendants unlawfully
confined them without legal authority and treated them in a manner inconsistent with other
mental-health facilities. Plaintiffs sought declaratory relief that their constitutional rights had
been violated, compensatory and punitive damages, and injunctive relief.
¶ 10 On November 1, 2012, defendant Jumper filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to section
2-619.1 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Procedure Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-619.1 (West 2010)).
Jumper argued counts I, II, and IV of plaintiffs’ amended complaint were barred by res
judicata. The case on which defendant Jumper based his res judicata defense was Schloss v.
Ashby, No. 11-CV-3337, 2011 WL 4804868 (C.D. Ill.) (hereinafter, Schloss), filed by
plaintiffs against defendants on August 26, 2011, in the United States District Court for the
Central District of Illinois, Springfield. In Schloss, sexually violent detainees at Rushville
(including plaintiffs) sued the facility to contest, in part, the constitutionality of a
gaming-console ban. The district court dismissed plaintiffs’ initial complaint for failure to state
a claim, concluding the plaintiffs did not state a claim under the first amendment that the ban
on gaming consoles was not rationally related to a legitimate institutional goal. The district
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court granted plaintiffs leave to file an amended complaint, directing plaintiffs to detail only a
due-process claim based on an alleged lack of rehabilitative treatment. Plaintiffs filed an
amended complaint on November 14, 2011, which the district court dismissed on August 10,
2012, for failure to state a federal claim. Plaintiffs appealed and the Seventh Circuit Court of
Appeals dismissed the appeal for failure to pay the required docketing fee.
¶ 11 In his motion to dismiss, defendant Jumper also argued plaintiffs’ amended complaint
should be dismissed because plaintiffs failed to state claims upon which relief could be
granted. On November 9, 2012, defendant Ashby filed a motion to dismiss plaintiffs’ amended
complaint incorporating defendant Jumper’s arguments.
¶ 12 Also on November 9, 2012, plaintiffs sought an extension of time to respond to defendants’
motions to dismiss, from a previously agreed-to date of November 15, 2012, to December 30,
2012. Plaintiff Schloss asserted he was preparing to represent himself at trial in another matter
and had limited access to legal research.
¶ 13 Without ruling on plaintiffs’ motion for an extension of time, the trial court granted
defendants’ motions to dismiss with prejudice in an order dated November 20, 2012.
Specifically, the court found plaintiffs failed to state a claim upon which relief could be
granted and some of plaintiffs’ claims were barred by res judicata. On November 29, 2012,
plaintiff Schloss filed a notice of appeal. Plaintiff Pegues is not a party to this appeal.
¶ 14 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 15 In the case sub judice, the trial court granted defendants’ motions to dismiss under section
2-619.1. A motion under section 2-619.1 allows a party to “combine a section 2-615 motion to
dismiss based upon a plaintiff’s substantially insufficient pleadings with a section 2-619
motion to dismiss based upon certain defects or defenses.” Edelman, Combs & Latturner v.
Hinshaw & Culbertson, 338 Ill. App. 3d 156, 164, 788 N.E.2d 740, 747 (2003). On appeal, the
trial court’s dismissal of a complaint under section 2-619.1 is reviewed de novo. Morris v.
Harvey Cycle & Camper, Inc., 392 Ill. App. 3d 399, 402, 911 N.E.2d 1049, 1052 (2009).
¶ 16 We first address the trial court’s dismissal of plaintiff Schloss’s amended complaint
pursuant to section 2-619, finding “some of Plaintiffs’ claims are barred by res judicata.” In
their motions to dismiss, defendants argued counts I, II, and IV of plaintiffs’ amended
complaint were barred by res judicata. On appeal, defendants argue the amended complaint, in
its entirety, is barred under the doctrine of res judicata.
¶ 17 In his reply brief, plaintiff admits counts I, II, IV, and V of his amended complaint are
barred by the doctrine of res judicata, stating he does not wish to “re-litigate a previously
decided case or claims.” Defendant states he is pursuing “Count III only as it pertains to the
unreasonable restrictions of Free Speech.”
¶ 18 This court accepts plaintiff’s concession that counts I, II, IV, and V of his amended
complaint are barred by the doctrine of res judicata. As to count III of plaintiff’s amended
complaint, defendants did not argue in their motions to dismiss that count III was barred by res
judicata. Res judicata is an affirmative defense, which a defendant forfeits if not raised.
Village of Maywood Board of Fire & Police Commissioners v. Department of Human Rights,
296 Ill. App. 3d 570, 578, 695 N.E.2d 873, 879 (1998). Defendants are barred from raising this
defense for the first time on appeal.
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¶ 19 We next address the trial court’s dismissal of plaintiff’s amended complaint pursuant to
section 2-615, finding plaintiff’s amended complaint failed to state a claim upon which relief
could be granted. Plaintiff has abandoned counts I, II, IV, and V on appeal. As a result, on
appeal, we address only whether count III states a claim upon which relief may be granted.
¶ 20 A section 2-615 motion attacks the legal sufficiency of the complaint. Turner v. Memorial
Medical Center, 233 Ill. 2d 494, 499, 911 N.E.2d 369, 373 (2009). “To survive a motion to
dismiss for the failure to state a cause of action, a complaint must be both legally and factually
sufficient.” Rodriguez v. Illinois Prisoner Review Board, 376 Ill. App. 3d 429, 434, 876 N.E.2d
659, 664 (2007). “The question presented by a section 2-615 motion to dismiss is whether the
allegations of the complaint, when taken as true and viewed in a light most favorable to the
plaintiff, are sufficient to state a cause of action upon which relief can be granted.” Turner, 233
Ill. 2d at 499, 911 N.E.2d at 373. Illinois is a fact-pleading jurisdiction in which the plaintiff
must allege specific facts to bring the complaint’s allegations within a recognized cause of
action. Turner, 233 Ill. 2d at 499, 911 N.E.2d at 373. The trial court should only grant a section
2-615 motion where it appears that the plaintiff can plead no set of facts that would entitle him
to relief. Ozuk v. River Grove Board of Education, 281 Ill. App. 3d 239, 244, 666 N.E.2d 687,
691 (1996).
¶ 21 In count III of his amended complaint, plaintiff claimed defendants violated his civil rights
by restricting access to various forms of media based on security or therapy concerns. Count III
states:
“The actions of the [DHS] dafendants [sic] as alleged in paragraphs 1 to 49 constitute
unreasonable and unwarranted restrictions on plaintiffs’ right to freedom of speech and
expression, in violation of his rights, privileges, and immunities guaranteed by the First
Amendment to the United States Constitution, and Article I, Section 4 of the Illinois
Constitution, and further violate our rights as guaranteed by restricting our access to
various forms of media based upon security or therapy concerns.”
¶ 22 “The fact of confinement and the needs of the penal institution impose limitations on
constitutional rights, including those derived from the First Amendment ***.” Jones v. North
Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc., 433 U.S. 119, 125 (1977). Restrictions on an inmate’s
constitutional rights are valid if they are reasonably related to legitimate penological interests.
Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 89 (1987). Although defendants recognize this standard is used
for prisoners’ claims, this is the standard the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals has applied to
constitutional claims by civil detainees. See Lane v. Williams, 689 F.3d 879, 884 (7th Cir.
2012). As the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals explained in Lane:
“Because Turner tells courts to consider the challenged regulation in relation to the
government’s legitimate interests, it would not be too difficult to adapt its standard for
claims by civil detainees. To do so, courts would only have to recognize the different
legitimate interests that governments have with regard to prisoners as compared with
civil detainees.” Lane, 689 F.3d at 884.
Thus, we believe an analysis utilizing the factors set forth in Turner is appropriate here despite
the fact that plaintiff is not a prisoner. See Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 546 (1979) (“A
detainee simply does not possess the full range of freedoms of an unincarcerated individual”
because “[t]he fact of confinement as well as the legitimate goals and policies” of the
institution limit constitutional rights.); Allison v. Snyder, 332 F.3d 1076, 1079 (7th Cir. 2003)
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(persons confined as sexually violent “may be subjected to the ordinary conditions of
confinement”).
¶ 23 To determine the reasonableness of defendants’ conduct, restricting plaintiff’s access to
various forms of media based upon security or therapy concerns, this court will consider four
factors: (1) whether there is a “ ‘valid, rational connection’ between the prison regulation and
the legitimate governmental interest put forward to justify it”; (2) “whether there are
alternative means of exercising the right that remain open to prison inmates”; (3) what “impact
accommodation of the asserted constitutional right will have on guards and other inmates”; and
(4) whether there is an “absence of ready alternatives.” Turner, 482 U.S. at 89-90.
¶ 24 DHS has promulgated rules detailing the rights of sexually violent persons detained in a
secure residential facility. Plaintiff admits the Rushville Treatment and Detention Facility “is
operated by [DHS] and is governed by Illinois Administrative Code Title 59.” Section
299.330(e) of Title 59 of the Illinois Administrative Code (Administrative Code) provides
sexually violent persons “may only acquire personal property in accordance with provisions of
this Part or posted rules established by the Program Director where the resident is assigned.”
59 Ill. Adm. Code 299.330(e) (2000). The Administrative Code further provides:
“1) Possession and use of certain classes of property may be restricted by the
Program Director when necessary to protect the resident or others from harm.
2) The professional responsible for overseeing the implementation of a resident’s
services plan may, with the approval of the Program Director, restrict the right to
property when necessary to insure implementation of the services plan, protect such
resident or others from harm, or as part of the Resident Behavior Management
System.” 59 Ill. Adm. Code 299.330(e)(1), (2) (2000).
¶ 25 In a memorandum dated January 13, 2011, the program director advised residents of the
Rushville Treatment and Detention Facility regarding “MOVIE AND GAME PROHIBITED
LISTS.” Although the memorandum was not attached to the pleadings before the trial court,
defendants include in their appendix before this court a copy of the memorandum, and both
plaintiff and defendants cite the memorandum in their appellate briefs. Accordingly, we will
consider the memorandum here. The memorandum advised residents they may purchase or
possess R-rated movies and MA-rated video games except for those on a prohibited media list
“which contains titles with sexual and/or graphic violent themes deemed especially
counter-therapeutic.” Further, a note appearing on the list of restricted movies included the
following: “All movies must be rated by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).
Any movies that are un-rated or not rated by the MPAA are restricted. The only exceptions are
movies made prior to the MPAA rating system (1968) that are general, non-graphic movies.”
A similar note appearing on the list of restricted video games states: “All un-rated Video Game
Demos and Rating Pending (RP) Video Games are restricted.”
¶ 26 Plaintiff does not allege he was denied all media or access, only that he does not have
unfettered access to media opportunities. This is not a claim upon which relief may be granted.
¶ 27 Specifically, plaintiff makes a limited attack on section 299.330 of Title 59 of the
Administrative Code but admits the treatment and detention center “is operated by [DHS] and
is governed by Illinois Administrative Code Title 59.” Plaintiff challenges the reliance on the
rating systems to screen out movies and video games for inmate viewing. Specifically, plaintiff
asserts he has been denied access to “medias of legal, educational and of a religious subject
matter because they are not rated or governed by the ESRB or the MPAA.” However, in his
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amended complaint, plaintiff stated a resident handbook provides unrated media may be
submitted to a treatment team for approval for resident viewing purposes. Plaintiff admits he
did not avail himself of this procedure, deeming it futile.
¶ 28 Here, the program director articulated a “ ‘valid, rational connection’ ” between the media
restrictions and the therapy concerns. Turner, 482 U.S. at 89. As the memo states, the therapy
concerns arise from R-rated movies and MA-rated video games “which contain[ ] titles with
sexual and/or graphic violent themes.” Striking down these restrictions could negatively
impact therapy concerns. See also McKune v. Lile, 536 U.S. 24, 36 (2002) (“[R]ehabilitation is
a legitimate penological interest that must be weighed against the exercise of an inmate’s
liberty.”); Turner, 482 U.S. at 91 (rehabilitation and maintaining security are legitimate
penological interests); Allison, 332 F.3d at 1079 (preventing escape and assuring safety of
others are legitimate institutional interests). In addition, the treatment and detention center has
an interest in promoting rehabilitation and a therapeutic environment by preventing residents
from viewing movies that may reinforce cognitive distortions or sexual deviance and playing
video games that may encourage antisocial or obsessive behavior. See Hedgespeth v. Bartow,
No. 09-CV-246-SLC, 2010 WL 2990897, at *7 (W.D. Wis. July 27, 2010). Moreover,
defendants have a legitimate security interest in making uniform rules regarding property
ownership and media restrictions to prevent discord, extortion, and unauthorized property
exchanges among patients, as well as legitimate security and rehabilitative interests in keeping
potentially damaging materials out of the institution altogether. See Hedgespeth, 2010 WL
2990897, at *8.
¶ 29 To be sure, the ban means “un-rated or not rated” movies made after the MPAA rating
system (1968) and “un-rated Video Game Demos and Rating Pending (RP) Video Games” are
presumptively unavailable for purchase or possession. However, the resident handbook creates
a procedure by which residents may present specific unrated movies and video games for a
determination by a treatment team whether the movie or video game may be purchased or
possessed.
¶ 30 With regard to the second and fourth Turner factors, plaintiff has alternate means to
exercise his first amendment rights that do not involve the purchase or possession of movies
and games titled with sexually or graphically violent themes, while the facility has no ready
alternatives to avert the therapy concerns posed by movies and games with sexually or
graphically violent themes other than restricting them. See Turner, 482 U.S. at 90. Plaintiff has
access to all R-rated movies and MA-rated video games that do not appear on the “MOVIE
AND GAME PROHIBITED LISTS” and additional media through allowable books,
newspapers, magazines, television, and radio. He is not constitutionally required to have
access to all media. See Singer v. Raemisch, 593 F.3d 529, 539 (7th Cir. 2010) (banning of
fantasy role-playing games was rationally related to legitimate penological interests and the
prisoner had alternative means of exercising his right, such as possessing other reading
materials or playing allowable games).
¶ 31 Finally, unrestricted access to all media would likely interfere with the efforts to treat
residents and operate the facility in a secure and orderly manner. See Turner, 482 U.S. at 90. It
is dubious the constitution would require a treatment and detention facility for sexually violent
persons to permit its residents the unfettered right to purchase or possess movies and games
with sexually or graphically violent themes deemed “counter-therapeutic.” Such an
interpretation would ignore the substantial deference afforded the facility’s administrators. See
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Beard v. Banks, 548 U.S. 521, 528 (2006) (“[C]ourts owe ‘substantial deference to the
professional judgment of prison administrators.’ [Citation.]”).
¶ 32 For the reasons set forth above, we find the media restrictions to be reasonable and not
unconstitutional. Consequently, plaintiff failed to state a cognizable first-amendment claim
against defendants and count III of his complaint was properly dismissed with prejudice.
¶ 33 Plaintiff next argues the trial court erred by granting defendants’ motions to dismiss
without ruling on his motion for an extension of time to respond to defendants’ motions to
dismiss. We disagree.
¶ 34 Following a hearing on July 26, 2012, the trial court entered an order granting defendants’
motions to dismiss plaintiff’s initial complaint. Plaintiff and defendants agreed plaintiff would
have until October 1, 2012, to file an amended complaint, and defendants would have until
November 1, 2012, to respond. Plaintiff would then have until November 15, 2012, to reply to
defendants’ responses.
¶ 35 Plaintiff filed his amended complaint on September 27, 2012. On November 1, 2012, and
November 9, 2012, defendants filed their motions to dismiss plaintiff’s amended complaint.
Also on November 9, 2012, plaintiff sought an extension of time, from November 15, 2012, to
December 30, 2012, to respond to defendants’ motions to dismiss. Plaintiff asserted he was
preparing to represent himself in trial and had limited access to legal research.
¶ 36 Without ruling on plaintiff’s motion for an extension of time, the trial court granted
defendants’ motions to dismiss with prejudice in an order dated November 20, 2012.
Specifically, the court found plaintiff failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted
and some of plaintiff’s claims were barred by res judicata. Plaintiff did not file a motion to
reconsider the court’s order granting defendants’ motions to dismiss. Instead, plaintiff filed a
notice of appeal on November 29, 2012.
¶ 37 “The [trial] court has the right and duty to control its own docket.” Hutchcraft v.
Independent Mechanical Industries, Inc., 312 Ill. App. 3d 351, 354, 726 N.E.2d 1171, 1174
(2000). Further, the court is vested with wide discretion in granting or denying extensions of
time to file pleadings or motions. See 735 ILCS 5/2-1007 (West 2010); Ill. S. Ct. R. 183 (eff.
Feb. 16, 2011). Here, the court had discretion to grant defendants’ motions to dismiss
plaintiff’s amended complaint without allowing plaintiff additional time to respond to the
motions. We conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion by granting defendants’
motions to dismiss plaintiff’s amended complaint and, thereby, denying plaintiff’s motion for
an extension of time to respond to defendants’ motions.
¶ 38 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 39 For the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
¶ 40 Affirmed.
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