McReynolds v. Harford Farms, Inc. , 2021 IL App (3d) 200544-U ( 2021 )

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except
in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
2021 IL App (3d) 200544-UOrder filed December 14, 2021
____________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
2021
SHAWN McREYNOLDS, as parent of ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
MADELYN McREYNOLDS, a minor, ) of the 13th Judicial Circuit,
) Grundy County, Illinois.
Plaintiff-Appellant, )
)
v. )
) Appeal No. 3-20-0544
HARFORD FARMS, INC., and ) Circuit No. 17-L-48
EULALIO BALTAZAR, )
)
Defendants )
)
(Harford Farms, Inc., ) Honorable
) Robert C. Marsaglia,
Defendant-Appellee). ) Judge, Presiding.
____________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE O’BRIEN delivered the judgment of the court.
Presiding Justice McDade and Justice Hauptman concurred in the judgment.
____________________________________________________________________________
ORDER
¶1 Held: Summary judgment in favor of the employer was upheld in an action alleging that
the negligent supervision of the employee was a cause of the plaintiff’s ATV
accident because the plaintiff failed to present any evidence that any alleged
negligence of the employer was a proximate cause of the plaintiff’s injuries.
¶2 The plaintiff, Shawn McReynolds, as the parent of the minor, Madelyn McReynolds,
appealed the grant of summary judgment in favor of the defendant, Harford Farms, Inc., in an
action to recover for personal injuries sustained by Madelyn in an all-terrain vehicle (ATV)
accident.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 Madelyn was nine years old when she injured her foot in an ATV accident on April 15,
2017. At the time of the accident, Madelyn was a passenger on the ATV and it was being driven
by Tania Rubi Baltazar. Tania was also nine years old, was Madelyn’s friend, and was the daughter
of the defendant, Eulalio Baltazar. Eulalio was an employee of Harford Farms. The plaintiff filed
suit against both Harford Farms and Eulalio, alleging negligence and negligent entrustment against
both defendants and negligent supervision against Harford Farms. Both defendants filed motions
for summary judgment.
¶5 Christopher Harford, the president of Harford Farms, testified in his deposition that
Harford Farms was a family farming business that farmed corn and soybeans. The farm had four
employees: Christopher, his wife, Christopher’s father, and Eulalio. Eulalio acted as Christopher’s
assistant in the farming, but Eulalio also did maintenance and mowing. Harford Farms owned one
ATV, which was used frequently in the operation of the business during the spring and summer.
The ATV was stored in a shed on the Harford Farms property with its key in the ignition. The shed
was locked every night, and Christopher, his father, and Eulalio had a key or combination to the
lock. Christopher testified that Eulalio’s work hours were generally Monday through Friday from
7 a.m. to 4 p.m., but Eulalio worked weekends during the busy times in the spring and fall.
Christopher testified that Eulalio was allowed to visit the farm during nonwork hours—Eulalio
could work on his personal vehicle in the shop and use the campground area. Christopher stated
2
that Eulalio was allowed to use the ATV on the weekend when Eulalio was working, but
Christopher had never given Eulalio permission to use the ATV when Eulalio was not there for
work. Christopher was not aware that Eulalio had been using the ATV on nonworking days until
the accident. Christopher never saw Eulalio’s children operating the ATV on the farm. On the day
of the accident, April 15, 2017, Christopher stated that he had been working with Eulalio in the
morning, and then Eulalio left the premises. According to Christopher, Eulalio was disciplined in
connection with the accident because Eulalio did not have permission to use the ATV outside of
work. After the accident, Christopher found out that his father had told Eulalio in the past that
Eulalio was not allowed to let anyone use the ATV.
¶6 Douglas Harford, Christopher’s father, testified in his deposition that he hired Eulalio about
10 years earlier. After 2014, Christopher was in charge of the farm. Douglas testified that the ATV
was only used for work, and he had told Eulalio that in the past. Douglas testified to an incident in
2014 where Douglas saw Eulalio’s two older children driving a prior Harford Farms ATV and
Eulalio giving rides on the ATV. Douglas removed the ATV and told Eulalio that the ATV was
not to be used for recreation, and it was not for children. At a later date, Eulalio asked to use an
ATV for a family gathering and Douglas said no. Douglas was not aware of any other occasions
where Eulalio used the ATV during nonwork hours and Douglas was not aware of Tania ever
operating the ATV.
¶7 Eulalio testified in his deposition that he was allowed to visit Harford Farms on the
weekend when he was not working, or at least he had never been told that he could not. On the
date of the accident, Eulalio drove Tania, Madelyn, and Madelyn’s sister to the campground at
Harford Farms and dropped them off. He then went to the shop and parked his car and drove the
ATV about a mile to the campground. Eulalio testified that he did not have express permission to
3
use the ATV on the weekend, but he used it often and he had asked permission in the past. Eulalio
testified that his son might have driven the Harford Farms ATV once before, and Tania may have
driven it once or twice with Eulalio on it with her. Eulalio had never asked for permission to allow
Tania to drive the ATV. Eulalio thought some people at Harford Farms may have seen Tania drive
his ATV in the past, but they had never seen Tania drive the Harford Farms ATV. On the day of
the accident, Eulalio allowed Tania to drive the ATV with the other two girls on the ATV.
¶8 Madelyn testified in her deposition that she had been to the campground area of Harford
Farms about five times before with Tania and Eulalio. She had ridden with Tania on an ATV on
those prior occasions. According to Madelyn, on the day of the accident, Eulalio drove them to the
shed and dropped them off, and Tania drove the ATV on the road to the campground. Madelyn’s
18-year-old sister was sitting on the front rack of the ATV when the accident occurred.
¶9 Tania testified in her deposition that she and Madelyn had been on the Harford Farms ATV
on one prior occasion. Tania testified that she had driven Eulalio’s ATV a number of times. On
the day of the accident, Eulalio went to the shed first and loaded the ATV on the trailer and then
brought it to the campground. They were going to the campground area to do Easter activities and
ride the ATV. Tania testified that she would sometimes go with Eulalio when he was working, and
she had ridden on the tractor with him when he was farming. She said she had never been to
Harford Farms when Eulalio was not working.
¶ 10 The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Harford Farms, finding that the
deposition testimony showed no genuine issue of material fact on the issue of proximate cause.
Harford Farms at no time gave permission for the use of the ATV by a 9-year-old girl. While
Eulalio had permission to use the ATV for work, there was no conduct that implied permission to
use it for recreation. The trial court found that there was no just reason to delay enforcement or
4
appeal pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 304(a) (eff. Mar. 8, 2016), and the plaintiff
appealed.
¶ 11 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 12 The plaintiff argues that the trial court erred in finding no genuine issue of material fact on
the issue of proximate cause. The plaintiff contends that there was at least a question of material
fact whether Harford Farms had a pattern of negligently supervising its employee, Eulalio, and
whether that negligence was a substantial factor in causing the plaintiff’s injuries. Specifically, the
plaintiff argues that Harford Farms provided Eulalio with unfettered access to its premises and the
subject ATV; was aware that Eulalio was entering the premises on weekends and never addressed
it; and Harford Farms’ personnel knew that Eulalio allowed minor children to ride the subject ATV
prior to the occurrence. We review de novo an order granting summary judgment. Outboard
Marine Corp. v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., 154 Ill. 2d 90, 102 (1992).
¶ 13 An employee’s negligence can create liability for his employer in two ways: vicarious
liability for the acts of the employee or direct liability for the employer’s own acts. Vancura v.
Katris, 238 Ill. 2d 352, 375 (2010). In this case, the plaintiff’s claim of negligent supervision is
brought against Harford Farms on the basis of its own negligence in supervising Eulalio. To
recover damages based upon Harford Farms’ alleged own acts of negligent supervision, the
plaintiff must allege and prove that Harford Farms (1) had a duty to supervise Eulalio,
(2) negligently supervised Eulalio, and (3) such negligence proximately caused the plaintiff’s
injuries. See Doe v. Coe, 2019 IL 123521, ¶ 61.
¶ 14 In order to resist the motion for summary judgment on the element of proximate cause, the
plaintiff needed to present evidence from which the trier of fact could conclude that the injury
“must have been the result of a natural and continuous sequence of events set in motion by [the
5
defendant’s] negligence.” Escobar v. Madsen Construction Co., 226 Ill. App. 3d 92, 94 (1992).
The injury not only had to be foreseeable to a reasonable person, but the negligent “supervision
must have been a substantial factor in bringing about the harm.” Id. Only general foreseeability is
required; the supervisor need not have prior notice of a particular unfitness. Doe, 2019 IL 123521,
¶ 61. While proximate cause is generally an issue of fact, it may be determined as a matter of law
by the court if the facts show that the plaintiff would never be able to recover from the defendant.
Abrams v. City of Chicago, 211 Ill. 2d 251, 257-58 (2004). The conduct at issue is that by Harford
Farms. See Vancura, 238 Ill. 2d at 375 (the plaintiff must prove that the employer’s breach—not
simply the employee’s malfeasance—was a proximate cause of the plaintiff’s injury).
¶ 15 We agree with the trial court’s conclusion that the plaintiff has failed to carry the burden
on the element of proximate cause. To avoid summary judgment, the plaintiff had the burden of
presenting some evidence that the accident was the result of a natural and continuous sequence of
events set in motion by Harford Farms’ alleged negligent supervision of Eulalio. The plaintiff’s
evidence established that Eulalio had access and permission to use the Harford Farms ATV for
work. On the one reported occasion that anyone from Harford Farms saw a child on the Harford
Farms’ ATV, the ATV was immediately taken away and Eulalio was warned that the ATV was
for work only and not for children. There is no evidence in the record to indicate that directive was
ever countermanded.
¶ 16 Despite this clear directive, the plaintiff argues that Harford Farms had reason to know that
Eulalio was continuing to allow children to drive the Harford Farms ATV, pointing to Madelyn’s
testimony that she had ridden on the same ATV when at Harford Farms on five prior occasions.
Even assuming this to be correct, although it conflicts with Tania’s and Eulalio’s testimony, there
6
is no evidence that anyone from Harford Farms had any knowledge that Eulalio was allowing
children to drive the ATV.
¶ 17 The plaintiff also argues that there was a question of fact whether Eulalio was within the
scope of his employment at the time of the accident and that the trial court erred by implicitly
holding that Eulalio was not in the scope of his employment. Harford Farms contends that there
was no question that Eulalio was not working at the time of the accident. As noted above, an
employer can be held liable for the negligent acts of its employees under the theory of vicarious
liability, or respondeat superior, if those acts are committed within the scope of the employment.
Vancura, 238 Ill. 2d at 375. In general, an employee is in the scope of his employment if his
conduct “is of the kind he is employed to perform”; “occurs substantially within the authorized
time and space limits”; and “is actuated, at least in part, by a purpose to serve the master.” Pyne v.
Witmer, 129 Ill. 2d 351, 360 (1989) (quoting Restatement (Second) Agency § 228 (1958))
¶ 18 Eulalio and Christopher both testified that Eulalio had worked earlier in the morning on
the day of the accident, but Eulalio was not working at the time of the accident. Eulalio’s testimony
was that he brought the girls from his home to the campground to cook a meal. The plaintiff relies
on the testimony of Tania that she never went to Harford Farms when Eulalio was not working.
However, Tania also testified that the purpose of the trip to Harford Farms was to use the ATV
and do some Easter activities. Eulalio retrieved the ATV immediately and transported it to the
picnic area. The girls got on it immediately. There was no indication that Eulalio did any work at
that time. Since there was no evidence that Eulalio had any purpose to serve Harford Farms after
returning to the farm on the day of the accident, we agree with the trial court’s implicit holding
that Eulalio was not in the scope of his employment for purposes of vicarious liability.
¶ 19 CONCLUSION
7
¶ 20 The judgment of the circuit court of Grundy County is affirmed.
¶ 21 Affirmed.
8