People v. Groszek ( 2016 )

2016 IL App (3d) 140455
Opinion filed June 7, 2016
____________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
2016
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
ILLINOIS, ) of the 12th Judicial Circuit,
) Will County, Illinois,
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
) Appeal No. 3-14-0455
v. ) Circuit No. 11-CF-906
)
JOSEPH W. GROSZEK, ) Honorable
) Edward A. Burmila, Jr.,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding.
____________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Carter and Wright concurred in the judgment and opinion.
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OPINION
¶1 The defendant, Joseph W. Groszek, appeals from the second-stage dismissal of his
postconviction petition. On appeal, the defendant argues that reversal is warranted because
postconviction counsel provided unreasonable assistance.
¶2 FACTS
¶3 The defendant was charged by indictment with three counts of predatory criminal sexual
assault of a child (720 ILCS 5/12-14.1(a)(1) (West 2010)); two counts of criminal sexual assault
(720 ILCS 5/12-13(a)(3) (West 2010)); and six counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse (720
ILCS 5/12-16(b) (West 2010)).
¶4 On December 30, 2011, the defendant appeared for a plea hearing. At the time, the
defendant was represented by private counsel. During the hearing, the defendant agreed to plead
guilty to three counts of predatory criminal sexual assault of a child in exchange for the State's
agreement to nolle prosequi the remaining counts. During the State's presentation of the
agreement, the court advised the State that, in an exercise of its statutory discretion, it would
impose a five-year term of mandatory supervised release. The State recommended that the
defendant be sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment on count I and 6 years' imprisonment on
counts II and III. The terms were to run consecutively. The court accepted the defendant's plea
and entered the recommended sentences.
¶5 On August 21, 2012, the defendant filed a pro se postconviction petition. In the petition,
the defendant argued that he received ineffective assistance of counsel and his plea was not
knowing and voluntary. The court advanced the petition to the second stage of proceedings and
appointed the public defender. The public defender filed a motion to withdraw as postconviction
counsel pursuant to Pennsylvania v. Finley, 481 U.S. 551 (1987). The court denied the public
defender's Finley motion, but then allowed counsel to withdraw as the defendant had hired
private counsel.
¶6 Private counsel filed an amended postconviction petition, which argued, in relevant part,
that the defendant received ineffective assistance of counsel when plea counsel: (1) pressured the
defendant to withdraw his motion to suppress; (2) pressured the defendant to plead guilty to the
three most serious offenses because the State would "badger" his elderly father at trial and
counsel was unwilling to try the case; and (3) failed to file a motion to quash the defendant's
warrantless arrest. The amended petition was accompanied by an Illinois Supreme Court Rule
651(c) (eff. Feb. 6, 2013) certificate and the defendant's affidavit.
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¶7 In his affidavit, the defendant averred that: (1) plea counsel told him that the State would
withdraw its plea offer if the defendant did not withdraw his motion to suppress and the State
would badger the defendant's father at trial; (2) plea counsel pressured the defendant to take the
plea deal because counsel said that "going to trial would be worse"; (3) the defendant did not
understand what he was agreeing to during the plea colloquy; and (4) the defendant believed that
plea counsel did not want to try the case.
¶8 The State filed a motion to dismiss the defendant's amended postconviction petition, and
the court set the matter for a hearing. At the hearing, the State argued that the defendant did not
allege prejudice with regard to his ineffective assistance of counsel claims. Private counsel
argued that "the standard in a plea deal for what constitutes prejudice is not that the trial would
have been in his favor but that the outcome would be different." At the conclusion of the
arguments on the petition, the court granted the State's motion to dismiss. The defendant
appeals.
¶9 ANALYSIS
¶ 10 The defendant argues that private postconviction counsel provided unreasonable
assistance because counsel failed to properly allege and support the claim that plea counsel
provided ineffective assistance.
¶ 11 The right to counsel during postconviction proceedings is wholly statutory. People v.
Lander, 215 Ill. 2d 577, 583 (2005). The Post-Conviction Hearing Act (Act) provides for the
appointment of counsel for an indigent defendant at the second stage of proceedings. 725 ILCS
5/122-4 (West 2014). Alternatively, a defendant may privately retain counsel at the first or later
stages of proceedings. See People v. Anguiano, 2013 IL App (1st) 113458, ¶ 16.
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¶ 12 Generally, a defendant is entitled to a "reasonable" level of assistance during
postconviction proceedings. People v. Munson, 206 Ill. 2d 104, 137 (2002). Recently, in People
v. Cotto, 2016 IL 119006, ¶ 42, our supreme court held that after the first stage of postconviction
proceedings, a petitioner is entitled to the reasonable level of assistance from counsel, whether
appointed or privately retained. We review the second-stage dismissal of a postconviction
petition de novo. People v. Whitfield, 217 Ill. 2d 177, 182 (2005).
¶ 13 The defendant argues that postconviction counsel did not adequately develop and support
his claim of ineffective assistance of plea counsel. To establish a claim of ineffective assistance
of counsel, the defendant must prove that (1) counsel's performance fell below an objective
standard of reasonableness, and (2) there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's
unprofessional errors, the result would have been different. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.
668, 687 (1984). At the second stage of proceedings, the defendant need only make a substantial
showing of both of the Strickland prongs to warrant an evidentiary hearing. People v. Hall, 217
Ill. 2d 324, 334 (2005).
¶ 14 In this case, in the amended petition, private counsel raised several allegations of plea
counsel's deficient performance. However, private counsel did not argue that the defendant
suffered prejudice as a result of plea counsel's performance. Stated another way, private counsel
failed to allege that plea counsel's deficient performance affected the outcome of the proceeding,
and absent plea counsel's errors, the defendant would not have pled guilty and insisted on going
to trial. See People v. Guzman, 2014 IL App (3d) 090464, ¶ 33, aff'd, 2015 IL 118749 ("To
show prejudice in the plea context, the defendant must demonstrate that but for trial counsel's
error, there is a reasonable probability that he would not have pled guilty and would have
insisted on going to trial."). The complete omission of the second prong of the Strickland
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analysis from the amended petition and the lack of oral argument in support of this prong was
unreasonable. Without this necessary allegation and argument, the amended petition could never
satisfy the "substantial showing" of ineffective assistance required to advance the petition to an
evidentiary hearing. Hall, 217 Ill. 2d at 334. Thus, postconviction counsel's performance was
unreasonable, and we reverse the court's dismissal and remand the cause for de novo second-
stage proceedings held in compliance with section 122-4 of the Act (725 ILCS 5/122-4 (West
2014)).
¶ 15 CONCLUSION
¶ 16 The judgment of the circuit court of Will County is reversed and remanded.
¶ 17 Reversed and remanded.
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