Fortier v. Pennsylvania Co. , 18 Ill. App. 260 ( 1886 )

Bailey, P. J.

By the rules of the common law, as expounded by the highest judicial tribunal of this State, the receipt for transportation by a railroad company of goods marked for a particular place, is to be construed prima facie as a contract to carry and deliver the same at the place for which they are marked, though beyond the terminus of its own line. But the company may by express contract limit its obligation to carry the goods to its own line or to points reached by its own carriages, and for safe storage and delivery to the next carrier in the route to the place of destination; and a clause in the receipt given to the owner for the goods, restricting the company’s obligations in this respect, if understandingly assented to by the shipper, will as effectually bind him as though he had signed it. Ill. Cent. R. R. Co. v. Copeland, 24 Ill. 332; Ill. Cent. R. R. Co. v. Johnson, 34 Id. 389 ; Ill. Cent. R. R. Co. v. Frankenberg, 54 Id. 88 ; C. & N. W. Ry. Co. v. Montfort. 60 Id. 176 ; U. S. Express Co. v. Haines, 67 Id. 137 ; C. & N. W. Ry. Co. v. N. L. Packet Co., 70 Id. 217; Field v. C. & R. I. R. R. Co., 71 Id. 458; Adams Express Co. v. Wilson, 81 Id. 339 ; Erie Railway Co. v. Wilcox, 84 Id. 239; Merchants’ Despatch Tr. Co. v. Kahn, 76 Id. 520; St. L. & I. M. R. R. Co. v. Larned, 103 Id. 293.

The contract in this case was made in the State of Ohio and it is therefore, upon well recognized principles, to he interpreted and enforced in conformity with the laws of that State. But in the absence of proof to the contrary, it will be presumed that the common law prevails in Ohio, and unless it is shown that the courts of that State differ from those of Illinois in their interpretation and exposition of the rules of the common law,, it will be presumed that the decisions of our own courts embody a correct exposition of the common law as it prevails in Ohio.

The defendant, to prove the law of Ohio, read in evidence the published reports of two decisions of the Supreme Court of that State, viz., Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton R. R. Co., etc. v. Pontius et al., 19 Ohio St. 221, and Little Miami R. R. Co. v. Washburn, 22 Id. 324. We have examined these cases with care and are unable to perceive that they are at all in conflict with the above mentioned rules of the common law as declared by our own Supreme Court.

In the first of said cases the plaintiff delivered to the defendant, a corporation owning and operating a line of railroad running from Cincinnati to Dayton, Ohio, and forming with the roads of other companies a continuous line to Hew York, certain goods to be transported from Cincinnati to Hew York. By the bill of lading the defendant expressly agreed to trans-. port said goods to the terminus of its line, and there deliver them to the agents of connecting companies or forwarding lines; and it was further stipulated that in ease of loss, detri.ment or damage to the property, whereby any legal liability should be incurred, that company alone should be answerable therefor, in whose actual custody it should be at the time the same should happen. The goods were promptly transported bv the defendant to the terminus of its line and there delivered to the agents of the connecting company, but owing to the negligence of one or all the other companies forming the through' line, the goods were not received at Hew York in +ime for the market., and so could not be sold at any price. The decision turned solely upon the construction to be given to the written agreement, and it was held that by its plain terms it was only a contract to carry the goods to Dayton, and that the defendant assumed the liability of a common carrier only to that extent. The rule above cited, that the receipt of the goods marked to a point beyond the defendant’s line was prima facie evidence of a contract to carry the goods to their ultimate destination, and the authorities, English and American, by which it is supported, were pressed upon the court by counsel, but the court expressly declined to decide that proposition, saying that, “if it be admitted that the consignment marks upon the goods are, in the absence of a contrary agreement, prima facie evidence of the distance they were to be carried, the answer in the present case is that there was such contrary agreement.”

In Little Miami R. R. Co. v. Washburn, the principle decided was, that a common carrier who undertakes to transport goods over the whole or any part of its own route, and then forward them to a designated destination beyond, is bound to transmit, with the delivery to the carrier next en route, all special instructions received by him from the consignor ; and in default thereof, in any material particular, to stand responsible for and make good, the loss to which such negligence shall have contributed. In that case, as in the other, there was an express agreement, limiting the undertaking of the carrier to the transportation of the goods to the terminus of its own line, and to forwarding them from that point to their place of destination by another carrier. The question of the nature and extent of his obligation, in the absence of an express agreement, did not arise and was not decided.

It thus appears that the evidence offered, entirely fails to show that the rules of the common law as held in Ohio, differ in the least from those laid down by our own Supreme Court. We must presume, then, that the law applicable to the questions under consideration prevailing in the two States are identical.

Applying the law to the facts in this case, Avliat AATas the nature and extent of the defendant’s undertaking ? By receiving for transportation the oil in question marked and consigned to Brandon, Manitoba, it, pn'ima facie, undertook to transport it to that place. Was its undertaking in this respect limited by an express agreement? By the bill of lading the defendant acknowledged the receipt of the oil marked and consigned as above stated, and agreed to deliver it Avith as reasonable dispatch as its business would permit, at ■- station. The blank was not filled in either bill of lading. If this Avas a limitation upon the distance the defendant undeitook by its, prima facie agreement to carry the oil, what Avas the limitation? At what point did the defendant stipulate that its liability as a common carrier should cease ? On this question the instrument is blank and therefore silent. The limitation must be an affirmative one, and the burden is on the defendant to show it. The one proved applies as well to any other station on the through line, or even to the terminal station to which the goods were c nsigned, as to Chicago, the terminus of the defendant’s road. In this respect the agreement is void for uncertainty, and furnishes conclusive evidence of an inteñtion on the part of the defendant, in filling out the printed blank form of its bills of lading, to abandon that part of it which contained the form for a limitation, upon the terms of its presumptive o v prima facie agreement.

We are of the opinion then, that, under the evidence, the defendant undertook to carry and deliver the oil at Brandon, Manitoba. This it failed to do, and as the loss of the oil is not. shown to have resulted from any of the causes excepted in the bill of lading, the defendant is liable to the plaintiffs for the loss. The finding of the court below was contrary to the evidence, and the judgment avüI therefore be íeversed and the cause remanded for a new trial.

Judgment reversed.