Enbridge Pipeline (Illinois), LLC v. Temple ( 2017 )

2017 IL App (4th) 150346
NOS. 4-15-0346, 4-15-0349, 4-15-0360 cons.
FILED
IN THE APPELLATE COURT July 6, 2017
Carla Bender
OF ILLINOIS 4th District Appellate
Court, IL
FOURTH DISTRICT
ENBRIDGE PIPELINE (ILLINOIS), LLC, ) Appeal from
n/k/a Illinois Extension Pipeline Company, LLC, ) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) McLean County
v. (No. 4-15-0346) ) No. 14ED5
CARLA S. TEMPLE, as Trustee of the Carla S. )
Temple Family Trust; NONRECORD CLAIMANTS; )
and UNKNOWN OWNERS, )
Defendants-Appellants. )
____________________________________________ )
ENBRIDGE PIPELINE (ILLINOIS), LLC, ) No. 14ED8
n/k/a Illinois Extension Pipeline Company, LLC, )
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
v. (No. 4-15-0349) )
TERRY ADREON, as Trustee of the Residuary Trust )
Under the Last Will and Testament of Robert H. Davis; )
NONRECORD CLAIMANTS; and UNKNOWN )
OWNERS, )
Defendants-Appellants. )
____________________________________________ )
ENBRIDGE PIPELINE (ILLINOIS), LLC, ) No. 14ED28
n/k/a Illinois Extension Pipeline Company, LLC, )
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
v. (No. 4-15-0360) )
JPR FAMILY PARTNERSHIP LP, NONRECORD ) Honorable
CLAIMANTS, and UNKNOWN OWNERS, ) Paul G. Lawrence,
Defendants-Appellants. ) Judge Presiding.
JUSTICE STEIGMANN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Holder White and Pope concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 In April 2014, the Illinois Commerce Commission (Commission) granted
plaintiff, Enbridge Pipeline (Illinois), LLC, now known as the Illinois Extension Pipeline
Company, LLC (IEPC), eminent-domain authority to acquire easements over certain real estate
for the planned construction of an approximately 170-mile liquid petroleum (oil) pipeline known
as the Southern Access Extension (SAX project).
¶2 During June and July 2014, IEPC filed separate complaints for “condemnation of
permanent and temporary easements for common-carrier pipeline” (condemnation complaints)
against defendants (1) Carla S. Temple (Temple) (McLean County case No. 14-ED-5 and this
court’s case No. 4-15-0346); (2) Terry Adreon (Adreon) (McLean County case No. 14-ED-8 and
this court’s case No. 4-15-0349); and (3) JPR Family Partnership LP (JPR) (McLean County
case No. 14-ED-28 and this court’s case No. 4-15-0360) (collectively, landowners). IEPC sought
to obtain right-of-way and easement interests in landowners’ respective properties and to
determine just compensation for its interests. Thereafter, landowners each filed a “traverse and
motion to dismiss” (traverse motion), requesting dismissal of IEPC’s condemnation complaints.
In November 2014, the trial court denied landowners’ traverse motions.
¶3 In February 2015, IEPC filed a motion for summary judgment under section 2-
1005 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Civil Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-1005 (West 2014)), arguing
that no genuine issue of material fact existed regarding the just compensation IEPC should pay to
landowners for its right-of-way and easement interests. After landowners responded to the
summary judgment motion, IEPC essentially contended that because (1) landowners had failed
to file counteraffidavits in opposition to IEPC’s motion for summary judgment as required by
Illinois Supreme Court Rule 191(a) (eff. Jan. 4, 2013) and (2) IEPC properly complied with Rule
191(a) by filing affidavits in support of its motion, IEPC was entitled to judgment as a matter of
law on the issue of just compensation. Following a March 2015 hearing, the trial court granted
IEPC’s summary judgment motion and awarded just compensation totaling $45,000 (Temple
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$1000; Adreon $21,000; and JPR $23,000).
¶4 Landowners appeal, raising numerous claims that challenge the trial court’s
rulings. For the reasons that follow, we vacate the trial court’s denial of landowners’ traverse
motions and remand with directions for further proceedings.
¶5 I. BACKGROUND
¶6 The issues presented in this appeal concern the trial court’s rulings on the
following issues: (1) landowners’ traverse motions, which include landowners’ request for
discovery prior to the traverse hearing and (2) IEPC’s motion for summary judgment on its
condemnation complaints. The following chronological discussion is confined to matters
pertinent to those two issues.
¶7 A. Procedural History
¶8 In Enbridge Energy (Illinois), L.L.C. v. Kuerth, 2016 IL App (4th) 150519, ¶¶ 6-
23, 69 N.E.3d 287, and Enbridge Pipeline (Illinois), LLC v. Hoke, 2016 IL App (4th) 150544,
¶¶ 6-23, this court chronicled the extensive procedural history regarding IEPC’s intent to (1)
construct, operate, and maintain the SAX project under section 15-401 of the Common Carrier
by Pipeline Law (Pipeline Law) (220 ILCS 5/15-401 (West 2006)) and (2) acquire, when
necessary, private property under eminent-domain authority to install the SAX project as
permitted by section 8-509 of the Public Utilities Act (220 ILCS 5/8-509 (West 2006)). In the
interest of brevity, we provide only a truncated synopsis to place landowners’ appeals in context.
¶9 1. IEPC’s Application for a Certificate in Good Standing
and Eminent-Domain Authority
¶ 10 In August 2007, IEPC applied for a certificate in good standing, seeking the
Commission’s authorization to (1) construct, operate, and maintain the SAX project and (2)
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acquire, when necessary, private property under eminent-domain authority. Specifically, IEPC
sought (1) a 60-foot wide permanent easement right-of-way for the pipeline and (2) an additional
60-foot temporary easement to facilitate construction.
¶ 11 In July 2009, the Commission granted IEPC a certificate in good standing, which
authorized construction of the SAX project. The Commission, however, denied IEPC’s request
for eminent-domain authority, urging, instead, that IEPC continue negotiations with recalcitrant
landowners who had declined IEPC’s compensation offers. The Commission advised IEPC that
it could renew its request for eminent-domain authority by “demonstrating that it has made
reasonable attempts to obtain easements, through good-faith negotiations.”
¶ 12 Some affected landowners (intervenors) appealed the Commission’s grant of a
certificate in good standing, and this court affirmed. Pliura Intervenors v. Illinois Commerce
Comm’n, 405 Ill. App. 3d 199, 200, 942 N.E.2d 576, 578 (2010) (Intervenors I). Specifically, we
rejected intervenors’ argument that the Commission erred by determining that (1) IEPC was fit,
willing, and able to construct, operate, and maintain an oil pipeline and (2) a public need existed
for the pipeline. Intervenors I, 405 Ill. App. 3d at 208-09, 942 N.E.2d at 584-85.
¶ 13 2. IEPC’s Renewed Petition for Eminent-Domain Authority
¶ 14 In July 2013, IEPC renewed its request for eminent-domain authority, seeking to
condemn specific tracts of land traversed by the planned SAX project route because the owners
of those respective properties had either (1) refused to negotiate with IEPC or (2) declined
IEPC’s compensation offers despite extensive negotiations. Following a December 2013
administrative hearing, an administrative law judge (ALJ) recommended that the Commission
grant IEPC eminent-domain authority. In April 2014, the Commission accepted the ALJ’s
recommendation and granted IEPC eminent-domain authority. In so doing, the Commission
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explained that the grant of a request for eminent-domain authority under section 8-509 of the
Public Utilities Act requires “a utility [to] show that it made a reasonable attempt to acquire the
property at issue.” Intervenors affected by the Commission’s grant of eminent-domain authority
appealed, and this court affirmed. Pliura Intervenors v. Illinois Commerce Comm’n, 2015 IL
App (4th) 140592-U (Intervenors II). Pertinent to this appeal, we rejected intervenors’ argument
that the Commission’s grant of eminent-domain authority was not supported by substantial
evidence that IEPC had engaged in good-faith negotiations. Id.
¶ 15 3. IEPC’s Motion To Reopen
¶ 16 In May 2014, IEPC filed a “Motion to Reopen and Amend Order Concerning
Diameter of the [SAX project],” requesting an amendment to the July 2009 certificate in good
standing that the Commission issued. Specifically, IEPC sought to reduce the diameter of the
SAX project from 36 to 24 inches, explaining that uncertain economic conditions and market
demand for a different grade of crude oil caused IEPC to reevaluate the initial parameters of the
SAX project. In December 2014, the ALJ recommended that the Commission grant IEPC’s
amendment, subject to certain conditions. The Commission later determined that public
convenience and necessity required issuance of an amended certificate to authorize a 24-inch
pipeline. Intervenors appealed, and this court affirmed the Commission’s order. Pliura
Intervenors v. Illinois Commerce Comm’n, 2016 IL App (4th) 150084-U (Intervenors III).
¶ 17 B. IEPC’s Final Offers to Landowners and
Condemnation Complaints
¶ 18 In separate letters dated May 19, 2014, IEPC proffered final offers of (1) $1035 to
Temple, (2) $84,795 to Adreon, and (3) $85,200 to JPR for a 60-foot permanent right-of-way
and a 60-foot temporary work-space area to be used during construction of the SAX project. In
total, IEPC sought (1) permanent easements traversing approximately 7.371 acres of landowners’
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parcels and (2) temporary easements traversing approximately 8.062 acres landowners’ parcels.
In exchange for its aggregate land interests, IEPC offered landowners $171,030 in total
compensation. IEPC conveyed that (1) its offer would expire in 10 days and (2) if landowners
rejected the offer, IEPC would file suit against landowners to enforce its interests.
¶ 19 Beginning in June 2014—after landowners failed to respond to its offers—IEPC
filed separate condemnation complaints, seeking to determine the just compensation for its right-
of-way and easement interests in landowners’ respective properties. Appended to IEPC’s motion
was the Commission’s (1) July 2009 order, which granted IEPC authorization to construct the
SAX project and (2) April 2014 order, which granted IEPC eminent-domain authority.
¶ 20 C. Landowners’ Discovery Requests and Traverse Motions
¶ 21 1. The Parties’ Filings
¶ 22 In August 2014, landowners filed a “request to produce documents” pertaining to
the SAX project on the following general topics: (1) project planning and specifications, (2)
safety plans, (3) oil spill projections, (4) shipping commitments, (5) ownership interests, and (6)
regulatory and governmental reporting not involving the Commission. In September 2014,
landowners filed a traverse motion, challenging IEPC’s right to condemn a portion of their
respective parcels to install and maintain the SAX project. In particular, landowners alleged that
the following circumstances required dismissal of IEPC’s condemnation complaints:
“12. The property sought to be acquired in this proceeding is not necessary
or convenient for the purpose for which it is sought to be taken. ***
13. The amount of property sought to be taken by [IEPC] is in excess of
[IEPC’s] needs.
14. [IEPC] does not seek to use the property sought to be acquired by this
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proceeding for a public purpose. ***
15. There has been no bona fide pre-petition attempt to offer ***
landowner[s] just compensation and damages to be paid for the property sought to
be taken, based on the condemnation concept of fair market value.”
In their prayer for relief, landowners requested that the trial court dismiss IEPC’s condemnation
complaints or, in the alternative, set a discovery schedule and, thereafter, conduct an evidentiary
hearing on the aforementioned issues raised.
¶ 23 In response to landowners, IEPC filed an objection to landowners’ discovery
requests in which IEPC acknowledged that landowners’ discovery requests pertained to the
issues of “just compensation ‘and issues related to the [traverse] motion.’ ” IEPC based its
objection, in part, on its assertion that landowners “are collaterally estopped from re-litigating
the issues of whether [IEPC] is ‘fit, willing, and able’ to operate the pipeline, ‘public need’[,] and
‘public convenience and necessity’ already decided by [this court] in [Intervenors I].”
¶ 24 2. The Hearing on IEPC’s Objection to Landowners’
Discovery Request
¶ 25 We note that at the time of the October 2014 hearing on IEPC’s objections to
landowners’ discovery request, (1) this court had published Intervenors I, which confirmed the
Commission’s July 2009 grant of a certificate in good standing issued to IEPC in docket No. 07-
0446; (2) Intervenors II—which challenged the Commission’s grant of eminent-domain
authority to IEPC in docket No. 13-0446—was pending before this court; and (3) the parties
were aware that pending before the Commission was IEPC’s motion to amend the certificate in
good standing in docket No. 07-0446 to reflect the installation of a 24-inch diameter pipeline
instead of a 36-inch diameter pipeline, which this court had yet to consider in Intervenors III.
¶ 26 At the October 2014 hearing, IEPC characterized landowners’ August 2014
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request to produce documents, as follows:
“[Landowners] *** are asking the [trial] court *** for a de novo review and a de
novo proceeding of all the evidence that was presented to the *** Commission.
[Landowners] want to start over with what is about five years of discovery at the
*** Commission. [Landowners] suggest to this court that they need discovery
even though all of these issues are contained in the public records at the ***
Commission and even though *** most, if not all, [of] the parties had intervened
at the Commission.”
¶ 27 IEPC contended that landowners’ discovery request was an attempt to get the trial
court to “second guess” the appellate court “on the issues of public purpose [and] public need,”
which IEPC asserted were already decided by the Commission and later affirmed by this court.
IEPC also argued that this court’s decision in City of Springfield v. West Koke Mill Development
Corp., 312 Ill. App. 3d 900, 728 N.E.2d 781 (2000), stood for the proposition that a traverse
motion is essentially a motion to dismiss under section 2-619(a)(9) of the Civil Code (735 ILCS
5/2-619(a)(9) (West 2014)) and, thus, the court was not required to conduct an evidentiary
hearing, which would necessitate discovery.
¶ 28 Landowners responded by citing this court’s case in Illinois Power Co. v. Lynn,
50 Ill. App. 3d 77, 365 N.E.2d 264 (1977), for the proposition that trial courts were not
preempted from inquiring into the same subject matter that the Commission considered during
certification proceedings. Landowners also disputed IEPC’s interpretation that Koke Mill stood
for the proposition that a traverse motion is essentially a motion to dismiss under section 2-
619(a)(9) of the Civil Code. In particular, landowners distinguished Koke Mill by noting that, in
that case, the defendant did not request discovery. In the instant case, landowners averred, “That
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is absolutely contrary to what is happening here. [Landowners] have filed requests for discovery
challenging pretty much the public use, the public benefit, [and] the good[-]faith negotiations.”
¶ 29 In granting IEPC’s objection and denying landowners’ discovery request, the trial
court ruled, as follows:
“The [trial] court agrees with [IEPC] and *** the substantial case law that [IEPC]
has tendered *** and cited to the court in that the decision of the [Commission]
cannot be collaterally attacked and, also the decision of the Fourth District in
[Intervenors I] and that a de novo hearing will not occur. *** [B]ecause of what’s
been pled in the traverse motion, all of those discovery requests relating to the
[Commission’s] decision that’s already been made *** the court is going to
sustain the objection.”
As to landowners’ claim that IEPC failed to negotiate in good faith prior to filing its
condemnation complaints, the court ruled that sufficient evidence was provided showing that
IEPC’s final offers were 125% of the fee value for landowners’ respective properties, to which
landowners failed to respond within the 10-day period provided.
¶ 30 3. The Hearing on Landowners’ Traverse Motion
¶ 31 To facilitate the reader’s understanding of a traverse motion, we provide the
following brief synopsis of the motion’s purpose:
“ ‘A traverse and motion to dismiss challenge plaintiff’s right to condemn
defendants’ property. [Citations.] It is settled law in Illinois that when a traverse is
filed, the burden is on the plaintiff to make a prima facie case of the disputed
allegations. [Citations.] A prima facie case for the necessity of a condemnation is
made by introducing a resolution or ordinance of the governing body which
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makes a finding that the condemnation is necessary. [Citations.] The agency that
has been granted the power of eminent domain, rather than the court, has the
authority to decide whether the exercise of the power is necessary to achieve an
authorized purpose. Absent a clear abuse of this authority, the court will not
inquire into the need or propriety of its exercise. [Citations.] Accordingly, where
plaintiff establishes a prima facie case, it becomes the burden of defendant to
show that there was an abuse of discretion by the governing board. [Citations.]’ ”
Enbridge Energy (Illinois), L.L.C. v. Kuerth, 2016 IL App (4th) 150519, ¶ 51, 69
N.E.3d 287 (quoting Lake County Forest Preserve District v. First National Bank
of Waukegan, 154 Ill. App. 3d 45, 51, 506 N.E.2d 424, 428 (1987)).
¶ 32 At the November 2014 hearing, landowners informed the trial court that their
“principal defense” was the relationship between IEPC and Marathon Petroleum Company—a
co-owner of and expected oil transporter on the SAX project. Landowners explained that because
the court had denied their discovery request on that issue in October 2014, they were not able to
proceed further.
¶ 33 In response, IEPC informed the trial court that it was relying, in part, on
arguments IEPC made at an October 2014 hearing involving two cases not at issue in this appeal.
(Based on the parties’ agreement in August 2014, the trial court consolidated the 3 cases in the
instant appeal with 18 other cases involving similarly situated landowners. The October 2014
hearing pertained to landowners’ discovery request in 2 of the 21 consolidated cases. In February
2016, this court sua sponte directed the parties to prepare separate briefs for the three cases at
issue because of distinct factual differences. See Enbridge Pipeline (Illinois), LLC v. Kiefer,
2017 IL App (4th) 150342 (where this court considered the appeal in the other 18 cases)).
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¶ 34 Our review of the arguments that IEPC raised at the October 2014 hearing shows
that IEPC argued generally that because a traverse motion is basically a section 2-619(a)(9)
motion to dismiss, landowners were required—but failed—to raise an affirmative matter that
defeated IEPC’s condemnation complaints. See Reynolds v. Jimmy John’s Enterprises, LLC,
2013 IL App (4th) 120139, ¶ 31, 988 N.E.2d 984 (a section 2-619(a)(9) motion to dismiss
“admits all well-pleaded facts and all reasonable inferences therefrom, and asserts an affirmative
matter outside the complaint [that] bars or defeats the cause of action”). IEPC also argued that
landowners were collaterally estopped from challenging the Commission’s (1) July 2009 grant of
a certificate in good standing to IEPC, which authorized construction of the SAX project, and (2)
April 2014 order, which granted IEPC eminent-domain authority.
¶ 35 In dismissing landowner’s traverse motion in the instant case, the trial court stated
that it was doing so for “similar reasons” as in the October 2014 hearing. In that hearing, the
court found, in pertinent part, as follows:
“[A]s to whether or not [IEPC] is vested with the authority to acquire
[landowner’s] property, certainly, the court has somewhat dealt with this issue in
the past and has indicated that the decision by the [Commission] is going to create
a rebuttable presumption that we’ve talked about earlier, and that decision cannot
be collaterally attacked. The Fourth District has already upheld that decision [in
Intervenors I.] *** [T]his court is also not going to conduct a de novo proceeding
on the issues of public benefit, use, or enjoyment or whether the [SAX project] is
necessary for a public purpose.”
¶ 36 D. IEPC’s Motion for Summary Judgment
¶ 37 1. Landowners’ Disclosures and Counterclaim
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¶ 38 In October 2014, landowners disclosed their controlled expert witnesses: (1) Dale
Aupperle, a licensed real estate broker; (2) Jeremy Crouch, a licensed real estate appraiser; and
(3) Royce Don Deaver, a registered professional mechanical engineer. See Ill. S. Ct. R. 213(f)(3)
(eff. Jan. 1, 2007) (defining a controlled expert witness as a “party’s retained expert” and setting
forth the mandatory disclosure requirements that the party calling the expert must satisfy).
¶ 39 In December 2014, landowners filed a counterclaim, seeking compensation for
the damage to the remainder of their respective parcels caused by the impending installation of
the SAX project. That month, landowners also filed “The McLean County SAX Pipeline Farm
Valuation Report,” written by Aupperle and Crouch. The substance of that report provided
opinions as to the fair-market value of IEPC’s interests in landowners’ respective properties. The
report divided the valuation into the following three categories: (1) permanent easements, (2)
temporary easements, and (3) damages to the remainder of the respective properties following
installation of the SAX project. Despite mentioning that the report was a “collaborative effort”
between Aupperle and Crouch, the report confirmed that the valuation opinions and conclusions
expressed therein were made solely by Aupperle. (Hereinafter, we refer to the McLean County
SAX Pipeline Farm Valuation Report as the “Aupperle report” and attribute the valuation
opinions and conclusions contained therein to Aupperle.)
¶ 40 In February 2015, landowners filed a report written by Deaver in which he
provided expert opinions regarding the risks landowners would assume after installation of the
SAX project. Deaver noted such risks included (1) the consequences that arise after an oil spill,
(2) the potential for an oil company to elevate profits over public safety, (3) the lack of effective
deterrents for an oil company’s safety violations, and (4) a landowner’s inability to protect his or
her interests by, for instance, obtaining insurance against such risks. (Deaver’s report is not at
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issue in this appeal because neither party relied on that report during the March 2015 hearing on
IEPC’s motion for summary judgment.)
¶ 41 2. IEPC’s Summary Judgment Filing
¶ 42 In February 2015, IEPC filed a motion for summary judgment on the issues of
just compensation and damages to the remainder raised by its condemnation complaints.
Appended to IEPC’s summary judgment motion were the following three documents.
¶ 43 A “Real Estate Appraisal Project Summary” report by Edward J. Batis, an Illinois
certified general real estate appraiser, in which Batis summarized the “essential components of
the appraisal process” applicable to each of the individual properties he appraised. Batis included
18 supplemental reports detailing the just compensation and remainder damage valuations he
computed for each of landowners’ respective properties. Included was a February 2015 affidavit
in which Batis affirmed that his appraisals complied with the Uniform Standards of Professional
Appraisal Practice (USPAP) and the Code of Professional Ethics of the Appraisal Institute. Batis
also affirmed that he had personal knowledge of the land valuation appraisals and, if required, he
would testify competently to the content of his summary and supplemental reports.
¶ 44 IEPC also attached a “Real Estate Appraisal Report Project Summary” by W.
Bradley Park, an Illinois certified general real estate appraiser, in which Park provided his
opinions regarding the appropriate just compensation for the 18 parcels at issue. Park appended
separate supplemental report summaries, which provided detailed descriptions of landowners’
properties, a highest and best use analysis, and an examination of the “impact of the taking on
the market values of the remainder properties.” Park added that his intent was to “provide
sufficient detail and information to understand the opinions set forth in each of the separate
reports.” Park signed a February 2015 affidavit, affirming that his appraisals complied with the
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USPAP and the Code of Professional Ethics of the Appraisal Institute. Park also affirmed that he
had personal knowledge of the aforementioned reports and, if required, he would testify
competently to the content contained therein.
¶ 45 IEPC also appended to its summary judgment motion the Aupperle report. In its
memorandum in support of its summary judgment motion, IEPC challenged the admissibility of
the Aupperle report by characterizing it as “nothing short of an outrageous set of unqualified,
baseless, purely speculative, and highly prejudicial statements that fail to meet any standard for
admissibility under Illinois law.”
¶ 46 3. Landowners’ Response to IEPC’s Summary Judgment Motion
and IEPC’s Reply
¶ 47 On March 25, 2015, landowners filed a response to IEPC’s motion for summary
judgment. Landowners argued generally that (1) the valuation opinions in the Aupperle report
were credible and admissible and (2) the USPAP standard has not been adopted by Illinois. The
sole attachment to landowners’ response was an October 2014 article from Illinois Realtor
Magazine (Elizabeth A. Urbance, BPOs and CMAs to Become Licensed Activities Under the
Illinois Real Estate License Act of 2000, Illinois Realtor, Oct. 2014, at 22,
http://www.illinoisrealtor.org/node/3662 (last visited June 2, 2017) (“BPO” is an acronym for
“broker price opinions” and “CMA” is an acronym for “comparative market analyses”)).
Landowners did not file any counteraffidavits with their response.
¶ 48 Later that month, landowners filed a “Supplement of Facts Supporting
[Landowners’] Response to [IEPC’s] Motion for Summary Judgment.” Landowners’ filing—
which was not signed or sworn—contained 173 pages of information, segregated as follows: (1)
an excerpt taken from IEPC’s website listing “reportable spills” for 2010; (2) Marathon
Petroleum Company’s ownership, shipping commitment, and proposed use of the SAX project;
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(3) IEPC’s original request for a certificate in good standing; (4) IEPC’s established route for the
SAX project; (5) excerpts from a McLean County zoning ordinance; (6) two September 2009
letters from IEPC, conveying offers to specific landowners; (7) Deaver’s curriculum vitae; (8) a
printout purporting to show that Aupperle is a licensed real estate broker; and (9) various maps
showing different IEPC pipeline routes.
¶ 49 Shortly thereafter, IEPC filed a reply to landowners’ response, renewing its
assertions that it was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Specifically, IEPC noted that in
their response, landowners “proffer no affidavits, no reports, no exhibits, and no judicial analyses
to the court.” IEPC’s reply also noted that in condemnation proceedings involving landowners
from De Witt County, the trial court had barred Aupperle’s valuation opinions.
¶ 50 4. The Hearing on IEPC’s Motion for Summary Judgment
¶ 51 At the March 2015 hearing on IEPC’s motion for summary judgment, the parties’
arguments focused on the admissibility of the Aupperle report. IEPC characterized the Aupperle
report as fatally flawed. Landowners challenged (1) the applicability of the case law IEPC relied
upon, (2) the claims IEPC raised concerning the credibility of the Aupperle report, and (3) the
threshold for admission of valuation testimony, which landowners claimed was “very low.”
During IEPC’s rebuttal argument, the following exchange occurred:
“THE COURT: What did the judge down in De[ ]Witt [County] do? He
excluded Aupperle’s opinion[?] [The court] remember[s] you mentioned it last
time, but [the court does not]—
[IEPC’S COUNSEL]: I think we provided the Court with the order form,
from De Witt County. Yes, *** Aupperle has been barred, and *** Crouch has
been barred, and *** Deaver, who was mentioned here but not mentioned in the
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Aupperle report, was also barred.
THE COURT: For similar reasons that you raised?
[IEPC’S COUNSEL]: For, I believe, exactly the reasons that we have
raised here.
THE COURT: But that was not a motion for summary judgment? That
was just a bar?
[IEPC’S COUNSEL]: That was a motion in limine to bar.
THE COURT: Is there *** other evidence in that case[;] other appraisals
that haven’t gotten to that issue yet?
[IEPC’S COUNSEL]: There are in those pending cases where Aupperle,
Crouch, and Deaver were barred, the only remaining evidence is the evidence of
[IEPC’s] appraisers.
THE COURT: *** All right.”
¶ 52 Thereafter, the trial court ruled as follows:
“[T]he court [will] exclude [Aupperle’s] entire opinion that was filed here with
the Court in similar fashion as was done in De[ ]Witt County, and because of the
fact that the Court would then be excluding the opinion evidence of *** Aupperle,
that does mean [landowners] wouldn’t have any admissible value testimony at
this point in time to value the permanent [and] temporary easements and any
remainder damage, and so therefore, the only opinions that are available then
would be the opinions filed by [IEPC], and so there would be no issue of material
fact, and the Court would therefore grant the motion for summary judgment.”
In its later written order, the court awarded landowners compensation totaling $45,000.
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¶ 53 This appeal followed.
¶ 54 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 55 As previously noted, the issues presented in this appeal concern the trial court’s
rulings on the following issues: (1) landowners’ traverse motions, which include landowners’
request for discovery prior to the traverse hearing, and (2) IEPC’s motion for summary judgment
on its condemnation complaints. Prior to addressing the merits of those claims, we first explain
the unusual procedural posture of this appeal.
¶ 56 A. The Procedural Posture
¶ 57 While the parties’ appeal in the instant case was pending before this court, we
decided Kuerth, 2016 IL App (4th) 150519, 69 N.E.3d 287. In Kuerth, Livingston County
landowners challenged IEPC’s authority to condemn a portion of their respective parcels for the
SAX project. In January 2017, this court sua sponte directed the parties in the instant case to file
supplemental briefs consistent with the views we expressed in Kuerth. The parties have done so.
In the interest of brevity, we briefly summarize Kuerth to provide context.
¶ 58 B. This Court’s Decision in Kuerth
¶ 59 In Kuerth, we considered the propriety of the trial court’s rulings regarding (1)
evidentiary matters prior to the condemnation proceeding and (2) the denial of the landowners’
traverse motions in which the landowners sought to challenge IEPC’s interest in condemning a
portion of their property to install the SAX project. Id. ¶ 85.
¶ 60 As to the trial court’s evidentiary ruling, we rejected the landowners’ specific
argument (among many presented) that the trial court abused its discretion by barring the
landowners’ testimony concerning just compensation (id. ¶ 95).
¶ 61 Prior to reaching the merits of the trial court’s rulings on the landowners’ traverse
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motions, we briefly discussed the rationale underpinning the legislature’s January 2007 repeal of
article VII of the Civil Code (Pub. Act 94-1055, § 95-1-5 (eff. Jan. 1, 2007) (repealing 735 ILCS
5/7-101 to 7-129)), which had previously governed eminent domain proceedings, and its
replacement, the Eminent Domain Act (735 ILCS 30/1-1-1 to 99-5-5 (West 2014)). Kuerth, 2016
IL App (4th) 150519, ¶ 125, 69 N.E.3d 287. We noted that the Eminent Domain Act added a
new provision, section 5-5-5(c), which stated, in pertinent part, the following:
“ ‘Evidence that the [Commission] has granted a certificate or otherwise
made a finding of public convenience and necessity for an acquisition of property
(or any right or interest in property) for private ownership or control (including,
without limitation, an acquisition for which the use of eminent domain is
authorized under the Public Utilities Act ***) to be used for utility purposes
creates a rebuttable presumption that such acquisition of that property (or right or
interest in property) is (i) primarily for the benefit, use, or enjoyment of the public
and (ii) necessary for a public purpose.’ ” Id. (quoting 735 ILCS 30/5-5-5(c)
(West 2014)).
¶ 62 This court then discussed the operation of rebuttable presumptions in civil
proceedings and the amount of evidence required to rebut a presumption. Id. ¶¶ 131-33. We
noted that in addition to typical presumptions, which require “sufficient” evidence to rebut, trial
courts have occasionally imposed a greater burden of production upon a party challenging a
presumption, which is sometimes referred to as a strong presumption. Id. ¶ 133. “Due to
compelling policy considerations, a party challenging a strong presumption must present clear
and convincing evidence to rebut the presumption.” Id. ¶ 134. From that premise, we then
outlined the rationale underlying this court’s holding that the Commission’s determinations were
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entitled to strong deference, which could be rebutted only with clear and convincing evidence to
the contrary. Id. ¶ 138. Specifically, we held as follows:
“[T]he Commission, having been vested with authority by the legislature to
resolve the technical issues that come before it, and presumably possessing the
expertise to do so, should similarly be accorded deference with regard to the
issues concerning the construction of a pipeline in this state. Deeming the
Commission’s findings worthy of a strong presumption is merely an
acknowledgment of that expertise and would serve as a caution to trial courts to
not easily disregard the finding of the Commission. Strong public policy favors
that the landowners should be required to present clear and convincing evidence
before the applicable presumptions burst.” Id. ¶ 140.
¶ 63 Although not statutorily mandated, we held further that the Commission’s
determination that IEPC had negotiated in good faith with landowners, which was also based on
the Commission’s presumed expertise in determining whether to grant an entity eminent-domain
authority, warranted “substantial deference.” Id. ¶ 148.
¶ 64 In Kuerth, we concluded that the court’s denial of the landowners’ traverse
motions effectively deprived them of the ability to (1) rebut the aforementioned statutory
presumptions and (2) refute the Commission’s determination that IEPC had negotiated in good
faith. Id. In so concluding, we vacated the trial court’s denial of landowners’ traverse motions
and remanded the matter back to the trial court for the limited purpose of conducting a proper
traverse hearing. Id. ¶ 151. We then provided authority for our decision to retain jurisdiction of
the matters presented despite our remand. Id. ¶¶ 154-58.
¶ 65 We reaffirm our holding in Kuerth, and because we find the facts presented in the
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instant case strikingly similar to the traverse proceedings that occurred in Kuerth, we deem
Kuerth applicable to the traverse claims raised in this appeal.
¶ 66 C. IEPC’s Condemnation Suit
¶ 67 Prior to reaching the merits of landowners’ traverse claims, we note that in their
initial brief to this court, landowners essentially argue that the trial court erred by granting
summary judgment in IEPC’s favor. We note, however, that landowners’ various claims
challenging the trial court’s ruling are couched in terms of either (1) Aupperle’s qualifications to
provide expert opinion testimony on just compensation or (2) the credibility and admissibility of
the just compensation valuations documented in Aupperle’s report. For the reasons that follow,
we decline to address those specific claims because we conclude that Aupperle’s report was not
properly before the trial court at the March 2015 hearing on IEPC’s summary judgment motion.
¶ 68 1. Summary Judgment and This Court’s Standard of Review
¶ 69 “The purpose of a summary-judgment proceeding is not to try an issue of fact but,
instead, to determine whether a genuine issue of material fact exists.” Evans v. Brown, 399 Ill.
App. 3d 238, 243, 925 N.E.2d 1265, 1270 (2010). “Summary judgment is properly granted when
the pleadings, depositions, admissions, and affidavits on file, viewed in the light most favorable
to the nonmoving party, show that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the moving
party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Village of Bartonville v. Lopez, 2017 IL
120643, ¶ 34. “In order to survive a motion for summary judgment, a [respondent] need not
prove her case, but she must present a factual basis that would arguably entitle her to a
judgment.” Bruns v. City of Centralia, 2014 IL 116998, ¶ 12, 21 N.E.3d 684. We review de novo
a trial court’s ruling on a summary judgment motion. Bartonville, 2017 IL 120643, ¶ 34.
¶ 70 2. The Purpose of Illinois Supreme Court Rule 191(a) in a
Summary Judgment Proceeding
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¶ 71 The sole overarching issue throughout this litigation concerns IEPC’s intent to
acquire right-of-way and easement interests over certain real estate for the planned construction
of the SAX project. To achieve that objective, IEPC attempted to negotiate with holdout
landowners regarding the fair-market value of its interest in their respective properties. As
previously noted, in June 2014—after settlement negotiations with landowners failed—IEPC
executed the eminent-domain authorization the Commission granted by filing condemnation
complaints, which sought a jury’s determination as to the just compensation for its interests in
landowners’ parcels. Although landowners filed a counterclaim on the issue of damages to the
remainder of their respective properties following installation of the SAX project, that damage
claim was merely a subcategory of the just compensation that a jury had yet to determine.
¶ 72 Thus, when IEPC filed its condemnation complaints in June 2014, the only issue
to be decided concerned the fair-market value of IEPC’s interests in landowners’ properties—
that is, the just compensation that IEPC owed to landowners for its interest in their respective
parcels. Indeed, the primary goal in a partial condemnation—such as this one—“is to provide
compensation that is ‘just’ in the sense that it places the landowner in the same economic
position after the condemnation as before.” Koke Mill, 312 Ill. App. 3d at 904, 728 N.E.2d at
785. “Given the technical and particularized process employed to calculate the just compensation
that a condemnor should provide for its interest in a condemnee’s property, a condemnation
proceeding essentially becomes a contest on the credibility of the parties’ experts.” Hoke, 2017
IL App (4th) 150544, ¶ 108.
¶ 73 By filing its February 2015 motion for summary judgment on the issues of just
compensation and damages to the remainder, however, IEPC requested that the trial court
circumvent the usual fact-finding a jury performs, claiming that because no genuine issue of
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material fact existed, IEPC was entitled to judgment as a matter of law on its condemnation
complaints. In support of its summary judgment motion, IEPC appended affidavits filed by its
expert appraisers, Batis and Park. In its later reply to landowners’ response, IEPC also noted that
landowners failed to file any counteraffidavits.
¶ 74 When a party offers expert opinions in written form at the summary judgment
stage, the writings in support of or in opposition to the motion, such as affidavits, must not only
be sworn, but must also comply with Rule 191(a), which provides, in part, the following
guidance:
“Affidavits in support of and in opposition to a motion for summary judgment
under section 2-1005 of the Code of Civil Procedure *** shall be made on the
personal knowledge of the affiants; shall set forth with particularity the facts upon
which the claim, counterclaim, or defense is based; shall have attached thereto
sworn or certified copies of all documents upon which the affiant relies; shall not
consist of conclusions but of facts admissible in evidence; and shall affirmatively
show that the affiant, if sworn as a witness, can testify competently thereto.” Ill.
S. Ct. R. 191(a) (eff. Jan. 4, 2013).
¶ 75 In Robidoux v. Oliphant, 201 Ill. 2d 324, 775 N.E.2d 987 (2002), the seminal case
interpreting the scope of Rule 191(a), the supreme court provided two main points applicable to
the instant case. The first point is that because an affidavit “serves as a substitute” for trial
testimony, “it is necessary that there be strict compliance with Rule 191(a) ‘to insure that trial
judges are presented with valid evidentiary facts upon which to base a decision.’ ” Id. at 335-36,
775 N.E.2d at 994 (quoting Solon v. Godbole, 163 Ill. App. 3d 845, 851, 516 N.E.2d 1045, 1049
(1987)). The second point is that the affidavit filed in support of a motion for summary judgment
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must have attached thereto sworn or certified copies of all papers upon which the affiant relied.
Id. at 343, 775 N.E.2d at 998. Because this second requirement “is inextricably linked to the
provisions requiring specific factual support in the affidavit itself,” “[i]t is not a mere technical
requirement.” Id. at 344, 775 N.E.2d at 998.
¶ 76 In Essig v. Advocate BroMenn Medical Center, 2015 IL App (4th) 140546, ¶ 46,
33 N.E.3d 288, this court summarized the rationale underpinning the supreme court’s guidance
in Robidoux as follows:
“At trial, an expert may give an opinion without first disclosing the facts
underlying that opinion [citation] because the opposing party has the opportunity
to cross-examine the expert as to the basis of his opinion. [Citation]. However,
because the opportunity to cross-examine is not present when a party submits
written opinions in the summary judgment context, Rule 191(a) essentially
requires the affiant to provide his own cross-examination regarding the factual
bases for his opinions.”
¶ 77 “Given that cross-examination is unavailable as a means to test an affidavit, it is
not surprising that the standard for admission of an affidavit in a summary judgment context
would be higher than for the admission of an expert’s opinion at trial.” Robidoux, 201 Ill. 2d at
338, 775 N.E.2d at 995. Thus, “[a]n affidavit satisfies the requirements of Rule 191(a) if from
the document as a whole it appears the affidavit is based on the personal knowledge of the affiant
and there is a reasonable inference that the affiant could competently testify to its contents.”
(Internal quotation marks omitted.) Madden v. F.H. Paschen/S.N. Nielson, Inc., 395 Ill. App. 3d
362, 386, 916 N.E.2d 1203, 1223-23 (2009). “[A]n expert’s affidavit in support of or in
opposition to a motion for summary judgment must adhere to the requirements set forth in the
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plain language of Rule 191(a).” (Emphasis added.) Robidoux, 201 Ill. 2d at 339, 775 N.E.2d at
995.
¶ 78 It is from this well-established foundation that we address landowners’
overarching claim that the trial court erred by granting summary judgment in IEPC’s favor.
¶ 79 3. The Trial Court’s Grant of Summary Judgment
¶ 80 In its February 2015 motion for summary judgment, IEPC included separate
affidavits from its two experts, Batis and Park, who were experienced certified general real estate
appraisers. In their respective affidavits, Batis and Park explained that they had performed an
appraisal of the 18 parcels at issue that complied with the USPAP and Code of Professional
Ethics of the Appraisal Institute. Attached as an exhibit to their affidavits was a detailed report
listing the components of the appraisal process common to all of landowners’ parcels. Each
expert then prepared 18 supplemental reports that identified appraisal components tailored to the
unique characteristics of each property. Thereafter, Batis and Park estimated the fair-market
value for the permanent easement, temporary easement, and damage to the remainder to arrive at
a just compensation calculation for each parcel. Batis and Park averred in their affidavits that
they were competent to testify to any aspect of the appraisal process as documented in their
general and supplemental reports.
¶ 81 For reasons we later explain, IEPC’s inclusion of the Aupperle report in its
motion for summary judgment was neither necessary nor appropriate.
¶ 82 In their March 2015 response, landowners argued generally that (1) the valuation
opinions in the Aupperle report were credible and, thus, admissible and (2) the USPAP standard
has not been adopted by Illinois. The sole attachment to landowners’ response was the
aforementioned October 2014 article written by Urbance. Landowners did not include the
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Aupperle report or any counteraffidavits with their response. Landowners later supplemented
their response with 173 pages of information, as earlier noted, but did not include any
counteraffidavits. This comprises the “evidence” that was before the trial court on the issue of
just compensation and damages to the remainder at the March 2015 hearing on IEPC’s motion
for summary judgment.
¶ 83 “ ‘When a party moving for summary judgment files supporting affidavits
containing well-pleaded facts, and the party opposing the motion files no counteraffidavits, the
material facts set forth in the movant’s affidavits stand as admitted. [Citation.] The opposing
party may not stand on his or her pleadings in order to create a genuine issue of material fact.
[Citation.]’ ” E.O.R. Energy, LLC v. Pollution Control Board, 2015 IL App (4th) 130443, ¶ 97,
29 N.E.3d 691 (quoting Parkway Bank & Trust Co. v. Korzen, 2013 IL App (1st) 130380, ¶ 49, 2
N.E.3d 1052). We reiterate that because an affidavit submitted in a summary judgment
proceeding serves as a substitute for trial testimony, strict compliance with Rule 191(a) is
necessary to ensure that trial courts are presented with valid evidentiary facts upon which to base
a decision. Lucasey v. Plattner, 2015 IL App (4th) 140512, ¶ 19, 28 N.E.3d 1046.
¶ 84 With the exception of Aupperle’s report, which IEPC included only to attack, we
conclude that IEPC fully complied with Rule 191(a) by filing supporting affidavits from its two
experts, which contained well-pleaded facts regarding the just compensation IEPC was required
to pay landowners in exchange for its property interests as well as sworn or certified copies of all
documents upon which Batis and Park relied. We conclude further that landowners’ response,
which they later supplemented, failed entirely to comply with the requirements of Rule 191(a).
Indeed, even Aupperle’s report, which landowners (1) disclosed pursuant to Illinois Supreme
Court Rule 213(f)(3) (eff. Jan. 1, 2007) and (2) argued was admissible in their response to
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IEPC’s motion for summary judgment, was not properly before the trial court at the March 2015
hearing on IEPC’s summary judgment motion. We note that in their reply brief, landowners
assert that Aupperle’s report was properly before the trial court because it was the “centerpiece”
of IEPC’s motion for summary judgment. As we noted in Essig, 2015 IL App (4th) 140546, ¶ 51,
33 N.E.3d 288, however, “the contents of Rule 213(f) disclosures are not evidence for purposes
of summary judgment because Rule 213(f) disclosures are not pleadings, depositions,
admissions, or affidavits.” (Emphasis in original.) “Notably, Rule 213(f) requires the party—not
the expert himself—to disclose the substance of the expert’s anticipated testimony.” (Emphasis
in original.) Id. ¶ 52.
¶ 85 While our analysis indicates approval of the trial court’s grant of summary
judgment in IEPC’s favor, we are not at this point affirming the trial court’s judgment, for
reasons we will later explain.
¶ 86 D. Landowners’ Traverse Motion
¶ 87 We previously provided a summary of our decision in Kuerth, which we deemed
applicable to landowners’ claims regarding the November 2014 traverse hearing at issue in this
case. We need not revisit (1) the legislature’s rationale for enacting a new statutory section to
govern eminent-domain issues, (2) the history and operation of rebuttable presumptions, (3) the
amount of evidence necessary to rebut the type of presumption at issue, or (4) the substantial
deference the trial court must give to the Commission’s good-faith finding—which is a
prerequisite for granting an entity eminent-domain authority. For our purposes, it is sufficient to
reiterate our overarching holding in Kuerth, as follows:
“Accordingly, based on the aforementioned recitation of the purpose of a traverse
hearing and the plain language of section 5-5-5(c) of the Act, we hold that when
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the Commission granted IEPC a certificate in good standing to construct the SAX
project and, later, granted IEPC eminent-domain authority to complete the SAX
project, IEPC enjoyed two rebuttable presumptions—that is, that IEPC’s interest
in landowners’ respective properties was (1) primarily for the benefit, use, or
enjoyment of the public; and (2) necessary for a public purpose. For reasons that
we have already mentioned, in addition to those two rebuttable presumptions, the
Commission’s determination that IEPC engaged in good-faith negotiations, which
was a necessary finding to its grant of eminent-domain authority in IEPC’s favor,
warrants substantial deference by the trial court. Thus, after filing their respective
traverse motions, landowners were entitled to present relevant evidence to rebut
and refute, respectively, those three issues.” Kuerth, 2016 IL App (4th) 150519,
¶ 148, 69 N.E.3d 287.
¶ 88 1. The Standard of Review
¶ 89 When reviewing the denial of a traverse motion, this court considers whether the
trial court’s determination was against the manifest weight of the evidence. City of Chicago v.
Zappani, 376 Ill. App. 3d 927, 931, 877 N.E.2d 17, 21 (2007). “A trial court’s judgment is
against the manifest weight of the evidence only if the opposite conclusion is clearly evident.”
City of Naperville v. Old Second National Bank of Aurora, 327 Ill. App. 3d 734, 739, 763 N.E.2d
951, 955 (2002).
¶ 90 2. The Propriety of the Trial Court’s Traverse Judgment
¶ 91 In their supplemental brief to this court, the parties concentrate the majority of
their arguments unnecessarily on the propriety of the trial court’s judgment during the October
2014 hearing on landowners’ request to produce documents, in which the court denied
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landowners’ request. By doing so, however, the parties have misconstrued the narrow issue
before us—that is, the propriety of the trial court’s November 2014 judgment, which denied
landowners’ traverse motion. At that hearing, the court, relying on its earlier ruling at an October
2014 hearing involving similarly situated landowners, ruled essentially that landowners were
estopped from challenging IEPC on the issues of public use and public necessity because those
issues had been previously litigated before the Commission and affirmed by this court. The court
also rejected landowners’ good-faith claim, finding essentially that IEPC established that
presumption, which—as we have held—was entitled to substantial deference. We note that the
trial court’s ruling was based, in part, on IEPC’s claim that this court’s decision in Koke Mill
stood for the proposition that a traverse motion is essentially a motion to dismiss under section 2-
619(a)(9) of the Civil Code.
¶ 92 We reject the notion that Koke Mill stands for the broad proposition that all
traverse hearings are akin to a motion to dismiss under section 2-619 of the Civil Code. Koke
Mill, which was decided 7 years before the legislature’s January 2007 enactment of the Eminent
Domain Act and 15 years before our aforementioned overarching holdings in Kuerth, involved
the exercise of municipal condemnation powers under article VII of the Civil Code, which has
since been repealed. Specifically, Koke Mill involved a landowner’s challenge to the City of
Springfield’s power to condemn private property for the public purpose of widening a city road.
Koke Mill, 312 Ill. App. 3d at 902, 728 N.E.2d at 783. We affirmed the trial court’s denial of
Koke Mill’s traverse motion because “Koke Mill did not support its [traverse motion] with any
evidence of the [City of Springfield’s] alleged lack of [a] good faith [offer].” Id. at 908, 728
N.E.2d at 787.
¶ 93 Here, the Commission, with the presumed expertise that it possesses as an agency,
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exercised its condemnation powers for the purpose of acquiring private property for private
ownership and control, which is governed by section 5-5-5(c) of the Eminent Domain Act. See
735 ILCS 30/5-5-5(b), (c) (West 2014) (promulgating different standards when a condemning
authority seeks to acquire property for public use versus private use, respectively). We reject
IEPC’s interpretation of Koke Mill and reiterate and reaffirm our holding that a traverse hearing
is a limited proceeding that affords a landowner the first and only opportunity to challenge a
condemnor’s authority and, thus, “is akin to a hybrid proceeding in which specific presumptions
must be rebutted by landowners challenging the condemnation filing at issue.” Kuerth, 2016 IL
App (4th) 150519, ¶ 169, 69 N.E.3d 287.
¶ 94 In this regard, our narrow scope of review concerns whether the trial court
properly afforded landowners their only opportunity to challenge the Commission’s
condemnation powers. We conclude that the trial court did not. In this regard, we provide the
following passage from our decision in Kuerth that fully applies to the instant case:
“The Commission’s July 2009 grant of a certificate in good
standing and April 2014 grant of eminent-domain authority and the
rebuttable presumptions those decisions generated in IEPC’s favor
were merely the first steps in this process. The trial court’s
dismissal of landowners’ traverse motions effectively deprived
landowners of exercising the option of presenting relevant
evidence to (1) rebut the presumptions of public use and public
necessity that IEPC possessed when it filed its condemnation suit
and (2) refute the Commission’s determination that IEPC had
engaged in good-faith negotiations when the Commission granted
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IEPC eminent-domain authority.” Id. ¶ 151.
¶ 95 Accordingly, we vacate the trial court’s denial of landowners’ respective traverse
motions and remand for limited proceedings.
¶ 96 Although we have also expressed our approval of the trial court’s grant of
summary judgment in IEPC’s favor, we have not yet affirmed, reversed, or modified the trial
court’s judgment. Our ultimate determination in this case will occur only after the trial court
conducts a proper traverse hearing in accordance with this court’s direction, the trial court
certifies the record to this court, and the parties have had an opportunity to supplement their
briefs to this court with regard to the trial court’s expedited traverse ruling. Accordingly, because
no judgment has been rendered by this court, (1) no mandate need issue and (2) this court retains
general jurisdiction. More important, upon the filing of this opinion, the trial court is vested with
the authority to conduct an expedited hearing for this limited purpose in accordance with the
following directions we now provide. See id. ¶¶ 153-58.
¶ 97 E. Directions on Remand
¶ 98 As previously noted, the issues presented in the instant case are similar to those
we addressed in Kuerth. After this court vacated the trial court’s denial of landowners’ traverse
motions in Kuerth, we provided the trial court comprehensive guidance regarding the appropriate
procedure to employ on remand. Id. ¶¶ 164-80. Given the length of time and amount of resources
already expended in litigating the construction of the SAX project, and in the interest of judicial
economy and finality, we provide the following directions for remand in this case.
¶ 99 1. Limited Scope of the Traverse Hearing
¶ 100 As previously noted, in June 2014—when IEPC began filing its condemnation
complaints against landowners’ respective properties—IEPC enjoyed the rebuttable
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presumptions that its interests in landowners’ respective tracts of land were (1) primarily for the
benefit, use, or enjoyment of the public and (2) necessary for a public purpose. In addition to
those presumptions, the Commission determined that eminent-domain authority in IEPC’s favor
was warranted because good-faith negotiations between IEPC and landowners had failed. Thus,
landowners were entitled to present relevant evidence to rebut these specific presumptions and to
refute the good-faith finding. We note, however, that in their respective July and August 2014
traverse motions, landowners disregarded the limited scope of the traverse hearing by attempting
to litigate anew the Commission’s certification and eminent-domain decisions, which this court
affirmed on appeal. In this regard, landowners claim that (1) IEPC is “not properly vested with
authority to acquire” their tracts of land, (2) the SAX project did not “constitute a common
carrier because of restrictions on access to the proposed pipeline,” (3) the Commission’s grant of
eminent-domain authority did not apply to the current SAX pipeline project, and (4) IEPC did
not possess the legal authority to construct the SAX pipeline project. Such issues are not the
proper subjects of a traverse hearing, and on remand, the trial court should decline to consider
them.
¶ 101 Based on the aforementioned discussion of the proper scope of a traverse hearing,
the trial court on remand should consider only two matters, which are landowners’ claims
challenging (1) the rebuttable presumptions of public use and public necessity and (2) the
Commission’s determination as to good faith, as generally set forth in paragraphs 12 through 15
of landowners’ September 2014 traverse motion.
¶ 102 2. Discovery and Proceedings on Remand
¶ 103 Consistent with the limited nature of a traverse motion as well as our limited
remand, we direct the trial court to assume control of the discovery proceedings in the instant
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case by requiring any discovery request to set forth with specificity (1) the information the party
seeks, (2) the alleged source of that information, and (3) the relevance of the information sought,
given the limited remand in this case. The aforementioned listing, however, does not preclude
the court from imposing further discovery requirements.
¶ 104 The trial court should determine whether any discovery sought is appropriate and
should deny any request to depose or submit interrogatories that seek information the court
deems irrelevant or that already exists in the record or is in the possession of the party making
the discovery request. If the court determines that discovery—strictly limited to the
aforementioned issues—is warranted, it shall actively supervise to ensure discovery occurs in an
efficient and expeditious manner.
¶ 105 Given the extensive litigation that has already occurred in this matter and our
explicit direction that the trial court conduct an expedited traverse hearing limited to the claims
at issue, the court should inquire whether any information sought by landowners through
discovery already exists in the public record in this matter. For instance, in Intervenors II, in
which this court affirmed the Commission’s grant of eminent-domain authority to IEPC, John
McKay, IEPC’s manager of land services, provided detailed testimony about the procedures
IEPC employed to identify, contact, educate, and negotiate in good faith the offers IEPC
extended to recalcitrant landowners. See Intervenors II, 2015 IL App (4th) 140592-U, ¶¶ 23-26
(summarizing McKay’s testimony before the ALJ). Landowners, who participated in these
proceedings, were permitted to cross-examine McKay. Thus, any claim by landowners that they
need to depose McKay to refute the presumption of good faith should be met with skepticism by
the trial court. The court should permit IEPC to challenge landowners’ additional requests for
discovery by demonstrating that the information sought is either irrelevant to the traverse
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proceedings or cumulative because the additional discovery sought already appears in the record
or is in the possession of landowners or their counsel.
¶ 106 On remand, the trial court should conduct a two-stage traverse hearing. At the
first stage, the court should focus solely on whether landowners can present (1) clear and
convincing evidence to rebut the presumptions of public use and public necessity and (2)
sufficient evidence to refute the substantial deference afforded the Commission’s good-faith
determination. If the court determines that landowners have done so, then the court should
proceed to the second stage, which would contemplate a further hearing in which the parties
could present evidence in support of their respective positions.
¶ 107 We direct the trial court to schedule and otherwise supervise discovery and
conduct further proceedings regarding a traverse hearing in an expedited fashion. If, in the
court’s judgment, landowners fail to (1) rebut the presumptions of public use and public
necessity or (2) successfully refute the Commission’s good-faith determination, the court should
so rule as to those specific issues, deny landowners’ traverse motion, certify the record, and
return the matter back to this court. If landowners present sufficient evidence to rebut the
presumptions or to refute the good-faith determination, the court should then conduct a further
hearing as to those claims on the traverse motion.
¶ 108 If the court finds in favor or one or more landowners, then it should enter an order
denying IEPC’s condemnation motion as to that landowner or those landowners. Conversely, if
the court rules in IEPC’s favor following the traverse hearing, it should enter an order to that
effect. Regardless of the decision rendered, if a traverse hearing is conducted, the court should
again certify the record and return this matter to this court so that we may then resolve this
appeal.
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¶ 109 If the trial court finds that landowners have overcome the first-stage hurdle, then
second-stage proceedings regarding the traverse hearing shall be tried by the court instead of a
jury. In this regard, we note that section 10-5-5 of the Eminent Domain Act, which is entitled,
“Compensation; jury,” states that “[w]hen compensation is so made by the condemning
authority, any party, upon application, may have a trial by jury to ascertain the just compensation
to be paid.” 735 ILCS 30/10-5-5(a) (West 2014). No such provision entitling landowners to a
jury determination in a traverse hearing appears in section 5-5-5 of the Eminent Domain Act,
which governs traverse hearings and appears immediately preceding section 10-5-5 of the
Eminent Domain Act. See Hamilton v. Conley, 356 Ill. App. 3d 1048, 1056, 827 N.E.2d 949, 957
(2005) (a tenet of statutory construction provides that if one section of a statute contains a
specific provision, the absence of that same provision from a similar section is significant to
show a different legislative intent for the statutory sections at issue). Further, our research has
disclosed no case in which the issues presented in a traverse motion were resolved by a jury.
¶ 110 3. The Timeline on Remand
¶ 111 As we noted in Kuerth, 2016 IL App (4th) 150519, ¶ 177, 69 N.E.3d 287, the
appellate court, in other contexts, has remanded a cause to conduct an expedited hearing on a
limited issue and imposed specific directions regarding when the trial court was expected to
accomplish the appellate court’s direction. For example, in People v. Bohanan, 243 Ill. App. 3d
348, 612 N.E.2d 45 (1993), this court remanded the matter to the trial court for the limited
purpose of conducting an expedited hearing in accordance with Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79
(1986). In so doing, the appellate court provided the following directions on remand:
“Upon completion of the preceding steps, the trial court must make both
credibility and factual determinations based on the proffered evidence. These
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findings, including the record, shall be filed with the clerk of this court within 60
days of the filing of this opinion. This court retains jurisdiction for the purpose of
reviewing the trial court’s determinations pursuant to Batson. Both defendant and
the State will be permitted to submit supplemental briefs relative to this issue in
this court.” Bohanan, 243 Ill. App. 3d at 352, 612 N.E.2d at 48;
see also People v. Fellers, 2016 IL App (4th) 140486, ¶ 36 (while retaining jurisdiction over the
case, the appellate court remanded to the trial court for the limited purpose of conducting an
appropriate hearing on the defendant’s ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim); Fleming v.
Moswin, 2012 IL App (1st) 103475-U, ¶¶ 45-46, 976 N.E.2d 447 (while retaining jurisdiction
over the case, the appellate court remanded to the trial court for the limited purpose of
conducting a Batson hearing within 60 days and requiring the parties to file responses within 14
days of the trial court’s ruling on remand).
¶ 112 Unlike Bohanan, we prefer to forgo mandating that the trial court conduct the
traverse hearing within a specific time frame. Instead, we leave these timing issues to the trial
court’s discretion. However, given this court’s direction that the trial court should conduct an
expedited hearing limited to landowners’ traverse motions, we expect that the trial court will do
so at the earliest possible opportunity.
¶ 113 Because we have concluded that the trial court failed to conduct a proper traverse
hearing, we vacate the court’s traverse order and remand this cause for the limited purpose of
conducting an expedited traverse hearing in compliance with this court’s aforementioned
directions. In so ordering, this court retains jurisdiction to review the trial court’s ruling
following remand. See People v. Garrett, 139 Ill. 2d 189, 195, 564 N.E.2d 784, 787 (1990)
(“The appellate court is empowered under Rule 615(b) to remand a cause for a hearing on a
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particular matter while retaining jurisdiction.”).
¶ 114 Within 21 days following the trial court’s certification of the record to this court,
any party who is aggrieved by the trial court’s rulings on remand may submit to this court a
supplemental brief addressing any issues related solely to those rulings. Thereafter, the opposing
party or parties shall have 21 days to file any response. This court will not grant any request for
an extension of time to file supplemental briefs. Arguments on issues not directly related to the
traverse hearing on remand may not be raised without this court’s permission. In due course, this
court will issue its decision on all issues raised in this appeal.
¶ 115 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 116 For the foregoing reasons, we vacate the trial court’s traverse judgment and
remand with directions for further proceedings consistent with the views expressed herein.
¶ 117 Vacated; cause remanded with directions.
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