People v. Vega ( 2021 )

2021 IL App (1st) 181256-UFOURTH DIVISION
February 18, 2021
No. 1-18-1256
NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the
limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
______________________________________________________________________________
IN THE APPELLATE COURT
OF ILLINOIS
FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________
) Appeal from the
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Circuit Court of
) Cook County
Respondent-Appellee, )
)
v. )
) No. 00 CR 18398
ALANN VEGA, )
)
Petitioner-Appellant. )
) Honorable
) William Raines,
) Judge Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE REYES delivered the judgment of the court.
Presiding Justice Gordon and Justice Lampkin concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: Affirming the denial of defendant’s motion for leave to file a successive
postconviction petition where his argument on appeal was not presented to the
circuit court resulting in the forfeiture of that argument.
¶2 Defendant Alann Vega, age 16 at the time of the offense, was convicted in a jury trial of
first degree murder arising out of a shooting that occurred on July 8, 2000. He is serving a
sentence of 35 years’ imprisonment. In 2017, he sought leave from the circuit court to file a
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successive petition under the Post-Conviction Hearing Act (Act) (725 ILCS 5/122-1 et seq.
(West 2016)). He contended, since he was only 16 years old at the time of the offense, his
sentence violated the eighth amendment of the United States Constitution (U.S. Const., amend.
VIII) and the proportionate penalties clause of the Illinois Constitution (Ill. Const. 1970, art. I, §
11) because it constituted a de facto life sentence. The circuit court found that defendant had
failed to establish the prejudice necessary to justify the filing of a successive petition for
postconviction relief, and therefore it denied defendant leave to do so. While defendant admits
on appeal that his sentence is “technically not itself an unconstitutional de facto life sentence,” he
maintains it is still unconstitutional in light of People v. Buffer, 2019 IL 122327. For the
following reasons, we affirm.
¶3 BACKGROUND
¶4 As the issue on appeal is limited, we discuss only those facts relevant to the discussion
herein.
¶5 Defendant’s conviction arose from the fatal shooting of Antonio Mosier on July 8, 2000.
Neighborhood residents, including a schoolmate of defendant’s, testified they witnessed
defendant fire a weapon out of an automobile in the direction of Mosier, killing him. A jury
found him guilty of first degree murder and the trial court sentenced him to a term of 35 years’
imprisonment.
¶6 Defendant appealed his conviction to this court arguing the evidence was insufficient to
establish his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. This court rejected his argument and affirmed the
conviction. People v. Vega, No. 1-10-0225 (Jan. 22, 2003) (unpublished order pursuant to
Illinois Supreme Court Rule 23).
¶7 On July 22, 2003, defendant filed a petition under the Act wherein he alleged his trial
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counsel was ineffective for: (1) failing to object to a jury instruction; (2) failing to object to the
court’s acceptance of an inconsistent verdict; (3) failing to object to perjured testimony; (4)
failing to file a motion to quash arrest; and (5) failing to call an expert witness on street gangs.
The circuit court summarily dismissed the petition as frivolous and patently without merit.
Defendant appealed and this court affirmed the dismissal. People v. Vega, No. 1-01-0108 (Dec.
30, 2005) (unpublished order pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 23).
¶8 On August 15, 2017, defendant moved for leave to file his successive postconviction
petition. This petition alleged that the circuit court should vacate his sentence and order a new
sentencing hearing because his 35-year sentence is unconstitutional under the eighth amendment
of the United States Constitution and the proportionate penalties clause of the Illinois
Constitution. Specifically, defendant alleged that his 35-year sentence is a de facto life sentence
where (1) he will be released at age 51 and the life expectancy of an inmate incarcerated as a
juvenile is 50 years old and (2) the trial court failed to consider his youth and its attendant
circumstances as required by Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460, and its progeny prior to
sentencing him.
¶9 The trial court denied defendant leave to file his successive postconviction petition. In its
written order, the trial court explained that, while Miller’s substantive new rule constitutes cause,
defendant failed to establish prejudice as defendant’s 35-year sentence did not amount to a de
facto life sentence and therefore the new protections elucidated by Miller and its progeny did not
apply to defendant. This appeal followed.
¶ 10 ANALYSIS
¶ 11 Defendant claims that the circuit court erred in denying him leave to file his successive
postconviction petition pursuant to the Act. Specifically, defendant contends that the circuit
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court’s denial of leave to file his petition was in error because he was sentenced to 35 years’
imprisonment for a murder, which he committed at the age of 16 and there is a very reasonable
probability that he would have received a shorter sentence if the trial court had the benefit of
Buffer’s interpretation of the eighth amendment as it applies to the punishment of juvenile
offenders. Defendant asserts that Buffer changed the maximum number of years to which he
could have been sentenced from 60 to 40 years and had the trial court had the benefit of Buffer it
would have imposed a shorter sentence.
¶ 12 Successive Petition
¶ 13 The Act provides a statutory remedy to criminal defendants who claim that substantial
violations of their constitutional rights occurred at trial. People v. Eddmonds, 143 Ill. 2d 501,
510 (1991). The Act contemplates the filing of only one postconviction petition and “expressly
provides that any claim of substantial denial of constitutional rights not raised in the original or
amended petition is waived.” People v. Guerrero, 2012 IL 112020, ¶ 15; 725 ILCS 5/122-3
(West 2016).
¶ 14 Still, a defendant may file a successive postconviction petition where the proceedings on
the initial petition were fundamentally deficient. People v. Flores, 153 Ill. 2d 264, 273-74
(1992). In filing a successive postconviction petition, a defendant “faces immense procedural
default hurdles” (People v. Davis, 2014 IL 115595, ¶ 14), and must first obtain leave of court
(People v. Tidwell, 236 Ill. 2d 150, 157 (2010); 725 ILCS 5/122-1(f) (West 2016)).
¶ 15 A circuit court may grant a defendant leave to file a successive postconviction petition if
he “demonstrates cause for his failure to bring the claim in his or her initial postconviction
proceedings and prejudice results from that failure.” 725 ILCS 5/122-1(f) (West 2016); Tidwell,
236 Ill. 2d at 152. Cause is demonstrated if a defendant identifies “an objective factor that
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impeded his *** ability to raise a specific claim during his *** initial post-conviction
proceedings.” 725 ILCS 5/122-1(f) (West 2016). Prejudice can be demonstrated if “the claim
not raised during *** initial post-conviction proceedings so infected the trial that the resulting
conviction or sentence violated due process.” 725 ILCS 5/122-1(f) (West 2016). A defendant
bears the burden of establishing both cause and prejudice. People v. Sutherland, 2013 IL App
(1st) 113072, ¶ 16. “[A] defendant’s pro se motion for leave to file a successive postconviction
petition will meet the section 122-1(f) cause and prejudice requirement if the motion adequately
alleges facts demonstrating cause and prejudice.” People v. Smith, 2014 IL 115946, ¶ 34. “To
meet the cause-and-prejudice test for a successive petition requires the defendant to submit
‘enough in the way of documentation to allow a circuit court to make that determination.’ ”
[Citation.] Id. ¶ 35. “[L]eave of court to file a successive postconviction petition should be
denied when it is clear, from a review of the successive petition and the documentation submitted
by the petitioner, that the claims alleged by the petition fail as a matter of law or where the
successive petition with supporting documentation is insufficient to justify further proceedings.
[Citations.]” Id.
¶ 16 Standard of Review
¶ 17 We review the circuit court’s order denying defendant leave to file his successive
postconviction petition under the de novo standard. People v. Gillespie, 407 Ill. App. 3d 113,
124 (2010).
¶ 18 Forfeiture
¶ 19 We initially address the State’s argument that defendant’s argument on appeal is limited
to those presented in his petition below. According to the State, we should disregard defendant’s
argument that Buffer altered the sentencing range for murder committed by a juvenile and that if
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the trial court had been able to apply Buffer during its sentencing of defendant it would have led
the court to impose a lesser sentence.
¶ 20 In his motion for leave to file a successive postconviction petition—as well as within the
petition itself—defendant argued that his 35-year sentence constituted a de facto life sentence
and because the trial court did not consider his youth and its attendant circumstances when
sentencing him as required by Miller, he established the requisite prejudice. Indeed, our supreme
court did not decide Buffer until 2019 and therefore the circuit court—which issued its ruling in
April 2018—could not have considered defendant’s claims in light of Buffer. See Buffer, 2019
IL 122327. Now, on appeal, defendant has abandoned the arguments set forth in his motion and
instead acknowledges that under Buffer defendant’s 35-year sentence “is technically not itself an
unconstitutional de facto life sentence.” Defendant now asserts that Buffer essentially changed
the sentencing requirements for juveniles making it so that the sentencing range for a juvenile
defendant is a maximum of 40 years. As this argument could never have been presented to the
circuit court, we find that it is inappropriate for our review at this time. As our supreme court
made clear in People v. Jones, 213 Ill. 2d 498, 508 (2005), the appellate court lacks supervisory
authority to consider issues not raised initially in a postconviction petition. We therefore decline
to address this argument on its merits. See People v. Johnson, 2020 IL App (1st) 152310, ¶ 27;
People v. LaPointe, 365 Ill. App. 3d 914, 922 (2006) (where a defendant does not raise claims on
appeal that he included in his motion for leave to file a successive postconviction petition, he
waives them, and they will not be considered). As a result of defendant’s failure to raise any
argument with respect to the claims that he did assert in his postconviction petition, we conclude
he has forfeited any argument that the circuit court erred in dismissing his petition. Ill. S. Ct. R.
341(h)(7) (eff. Oct. 1, 2020).
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¶ 21 We observe, however, that Jones also explained: “This holding does not leave a
postconviction petitioner such as defendant entirely without recourse. A defendant who fails to
include an issue in his original or amended postconviction petition, although precluded from
raising the issue on appeal from the petition’s dismissal, may raise the issue in a successive
petition if he can meet the strictures of the cause and prejudice test.” Jones, 213 Ill. 2d at 508
(brackets and internal quotation marks omitted).
¶ 22 CONCLUSION
¶ 23 For the reasons stated above, the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County is
affirmed.
¶ 24 Affirmed.
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