People v. Izaguirre , 2020 IL App (1st) 171789-U ( 2020 )

2020 IL App (1st) 171789-UNo. 1-17-1789
Order filed June 30, 2020
Second Division
NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and may not be cited as
precedent by any party except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
______________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIRST DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Cook County.
)
v. ) No. 13 CR 19566
)
EMILIO IZAGUIRRE, ) Honorable
) Timothy Joseph Joyce,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, presiding.
JUSTICE PUCINSKI delivered the judgment of the court.
Presiding Justice Fitzgerald Smith and Justice Lavin concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: Defendant’s consecutive sentences for first degree murder, home invasion, and
aggravated battery are affirmed where the trial court did not (1) abuse its
discretion imposing sentences within the statutory guidelines, (2) penalize
defendant for exercising his right to trial, or (3) consider an improper factor
during sentencing.
¶2 Following a jury trial, defendant Emilio Izaguirre was convicted of first degree murder,
home invasion, and aggravated battery, and sentenced to consecutive terms of 60, 10, and 5
years’ imprisonment, respectively. On appeal, defendant argues (1) his sentences are excessive,
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(2) the trial court penalized him for exercising his right to trial, and (3) the trial court considered
an improper aggravating factor, namely, that he planned the offenses for a time when his
children would not be present. For the following reasons, we affirm.
¶3 Defendant was charged in a 24-count indictment with first degree murder of Joanna
Lopez, 1 home invasion, residential burglary, 2 and aggravated battery causing great bodily harm
to Johnny Bolden. Counts VI and IX for first degree murder stated that defendant, without lawful
justification, stabbed and killed Joanna with a knife (720 ILCS 5/9-1(a)(1), (2) (West 2012)).
Count XVI for home invasion, in turn, alleged that defendant committed that offense in the
course of the murder (720 ILCS 5/19-6(a)(2) (West 2012)), and count XXIV for aggravated
battery alleged that defendant caused Bolden great bodily harm (720 ILCS 5/12-3.05(a)(1) (West
2012)). We set forth only those facts relevant to the issue on appeal.
¶4 Before trial, defense counsel requested a conference pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 402
(eff. July 1, 2012), which occurred off the record on December 22, 2016. That day, the court
distributed a pretrial investigation report that listed the charges but did not detail any underlying
facts alleged by the State. On January 19, 2017, defense counsel informed the court that
defendant declined the trial court’s offer. At a subsequent hearing on March 2, 2017, the court
confirmed with defendant that it had offered 40 years’ imprisonment, but did not state the charge
or charges to which the offer pertained.
¶5 At trial, Bolden testified that he dated Joanna, who had three children with defendant.
Bolden and Joanna lived together on the 1700 block of West 21st Place. On September 7, 2013,
1
Because Joanna Lopez and a witness, Jose Lopez, have the same last name, they are referred to
by their first names.
2
The record does not show that the State expressly nol-prossed the counts for residential
burglary, but the jury was not instructed as to that offense.
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Bolden and Joanna went out for the evening while her children spent the night across the street
with her parents. The couple returned to their apartment around 5 a.m. and went to sleep. Bolden
was awakened by defendant repeatedly striking him in the face and saying to Joanna, “This is the
guy that you’re with? My kids wasn’t lying to me, huh?” Bolden fought with defendant while
Joanna called the police on her cell phone. Bolden then fled the apartment wearing only a tank
top and underwear.
¶6 Bolden heard Joanna scream as he ran to a laundromat a block away. When the
laundromat employees did not let him use their phone, Bolden went to a gas station, where an
attendant contacted the police. Police took Bolden back to Joanna’s apartment, and Joanna’s
father provided the key. Police brought defendant, who was covered in blood, out of the
apartment, retrieved a knife from his pocket, and put him into a squad vehicle. Bolden went to
Mercy Hospital, where he was treated for a sprained shoulder, a fractured bone in his eye, and a
swollen nose and lip.
¶7 Jon and Esmeralda Zaba 3 both testified that Joanna was a family friend who lived a
couple houses down from them. They knew that Joanna had previously dated defendant and that
in September 2013, Joanna was dating someone else.
¶8 Around 6:45 a.m. on September 8, 2013, Jon and Esmeralda were awakened by noise
from outside. They looked out the window and saw a black man wearing only his underwear.
The man walked away and Jon heard a woman scream, so Esmeralda called the police. Jon and
Esmeralda went outside, and police arrived to Joanna’s residence. Defendant opened Joanna’s
door covered in blood, looked around, then closed the door. Jon took officers to retrieve a key
3
Because Jon Zaba and Esmeralda Zaba have the same last name, they are referred to by their
first names.
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from Joanna’s father. Officers then escorted defendant from the residence, and Jon heard
defendant say, “I loved her, but she brought it upon herself because she was f*** a n***.”
Esmeralda testified that she heard defendant say in both English and Spanish, “Joanna deserved
it. It was her fault for f*** a n***.” On cross-examination, Jon testified that “every once in a
while” he saw defendant pick up his children or play with them in the neighborhood.
¶9 Jose, Joanna’s father, testified through an interpreter that he owned the apartment
building in which Joanna lived. Defendant previously lived in the apartment with Joanna and
their three children. At approximately 6:45 a.m. on September 8, 2013, Jose was alerted that
police needed keys to enter Joanna’s apartment. Jose opened Joanna’s door for police and
watched them remove defendant, who was “all bloody.” On cross-examination, Jose testified that
defendant continued to visit the children after he and Joanna separated.
¶ 10 Chicago police officer David Magura testified that around 7 a.m. on September 8, 2013,
he responded to a domestic disturbance call on the 1700 block of 21st, where he was met by
Officer Spizzirri. 4 Defendant opened the door and said that he did not call the police, but that his
roommates had been drinking and fighting. Defendant had blood on his shirt and arm, which he
claimed belonged to his roommates. The officers said they needed to enter the apartment, and
defendant responded, “fine,” but then slammed and locked the door. Another officer arrived and
Magura moved around the building to ensure defendant could not leave. Magura heard the other
officer yell for defendant to raise his hands, but by the time Magura ran back to the door,
defendant had reentered the apartment.
4
Officer Spizzirri’s first name does not appear in the record.
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¶ 11 At some point, Jose gave the officers a key to the apartment. The officers entered and
found defendant in the bedroom kneeling over Joanna’s bloody body. The officers arrested
defendant, patted him down, and put him in a squad vehicle. During defendant’s arrest, he was
“yelling out, [and] calling out names,” and eventually began “thrashing and kicking at the door
and window,” so he was transferred to a police wagon.
¶ 12 Retired Chicago police officer Ramon Saragosa testified that he saw defendant kneeling
by a female’s body in the apartment. Officers recovered a knife blade from defendant’s left front
pocket. Defendant was “[e]rratic, yelling, somewhat violent, [and] somewhat calm off and on” as
he was put into a squad vehicle. Defendant then said, “That’s what you get for sleeping with that
f*** n***.” Because defendant kicked the doors and windows of the squad vehicle, he was
moved into a police wagon and transported to Area Central.
¶ 13 Chicago police detective Timothy Cerven testified he went to the crime scene on
September 8, 2013. Cerven recovered Joanna’s and Bolden’s cell phones, and tendered Joanna’s
phone to Detective Cullen Murphy.
¶ 14 Murphy 5 testified that he was at Area Central when defendant was brought in on
September 8, 2013. Defendant’s clothing was “extremely soaked in blood” and his hands had
“slippage marks.” Murphy explained that blood makes a knife handle slippery, so the hand of the
person doing the stabbing slips and the blade cuts his own fingers.
¶ 15 Murphy brought Joanna’s cell phone to the Regional Computer Forensic Laboratory
(RCFL), which accessed incoming and outgoing text messages for September 7 and 8, 2013. In
5
At the time of trial, Murphy was a sergeant.
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the late evening of September 7 and morning of September 8, there were multiple text messages
between Joanna’s phone and a contact name “B.D.”
¶ 16 Chicago police detective Scott Reiff testified that on April 25, 2017, he retrieved a phone
that had been recovered at the crime scene and inventoried under No. 12998343 and took it to the
RCFL to be analyzed.
¶ 17 Chicago police detective John Clisham testified that he was assigned to the RCFL. On
April 25, 2017, Clisham received a cell phone inventoried under No. 12998343, which he
examined. The phone was associated with an email account containing defendant’s first name
and last initial, and had the same phone number as the contact name “B.D.” seen in Joanna’s
phone. Clisham also recovered Facebook messages dated August 14, 2013, in which a user stated
his phone number, which was the same as the number associated with “B.D.,” and a chat session
in which defendant’s name was listed next to the word “owner.”
¶ 18 On that same date, there was a text message from Joanna’s phone number, which stated,
“Emilio, I don’t want to be with you.” There was also a series of text messages between the
phone and that contact on September 7 and 8, 2013, which were published to the jury. In the text
exchange, the sender asked the contact if she was with “johnny,” then, referring to “johnny,”
asks if he was her “man,” if she was “f***” him, and if he was “better” than the sender. The
sender also stated he was “hurting so much,” “remember [whose] name is on my chest,” “I
[can’t] take this no more,” “I can’t stop crying,” and “I love [you] so much.” The contact said
she was trying to sleep and asked to be left alone.
¶ 19 Investigator Eric Szwed testified that he arrived at the crime scene around 8:30 a.m. on
September 8, 2013, and Saragosa gave him a bloodied knife blade. Szwed then videotaped and
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photographed the apartment’s interior. Szwed identified a series of photographs that included the
victim lying in a “large pool of blood,” a broken picture frame and photograph of a man and
woman on the floor, a large kitchen knife with its blade under the refrigerator, a “large bloodied
kitchen knife” in the sink and a knife handle next to the sink, a kitchen knife block with several
knives missing, and a pool of blood in the kitchen with a large knife blade and a small piece of
black plastic, which Szwed believed broke off from the handle of one of the knives.
¶ 20 The State called forensic scientists from the Illinois State Police, whose testimony
established, in relevant part, that a female DNA profile from which Joanna could not be excluded
was indicated on swabs from a knife blade, the dining room floor, the rear bedroom wall, and the
rear entry door to a bedroom, and defendant’s palm print was on a knife handle.
¶ 21 Dr. Latanja Watkins testified that she conducted an autopsy of Joanna on September 9,
2013. There were fragments of glass located in and around Joanna’s arms, abdomen, chest, head,
and hair. Joanna suffered approximately 30 stab wounds and incise wounds to her head, face,
neck, and chest. She also had blunt force injuries to her head, neck, chest, and extremities, and
defensive incise wounds to both of her hands. X-rays revealed orbital fractures around Joanna’s
eye bones.
¶ 22 The jury found defendant guilty of first degree murder (counts VI and IX), home invasion
(count XVI), and aggravated battery (count XXIV). Defense counsel filed a written motion for a
new trial, which the trial court denied.
¶ 23 Prior to the sentencing hearing, defense counsel objected to a portion of Joanna’s sister’s
victim impact statement regarding sentencing. The court responded that it would allow the
statement, but would not consider any sentencing suggestions therein.
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¶ 24 Defendant’s presentence investigation report reflects that he was involved with the Latin
Kings street gang and had three prior adult convictions for resisting a peace officer, driving
under the influence of alcohol, and “Theft/Stolen Operate Uninsured MV.” Prior to his arrest,
defendant was employed as a line worker at a factory and reported a “very close relationship”
with his three children with Joanna. Defendant’s father was never in his life, but he maintained a
relationship with his mother. Throughout defendant’s childhood, his basic needs were met and he
was not abused or neglected. Defendant was an average student, but was expelled from his senior
year of high school due to absenteeism. Defendant expressed an interest in obtaining his GED.
¶ 25 In aggravation, the State presented a victim impact statement from Bolden, in which he
expressed his sense of guilt over failing to protect Joanna from defendant, stated that the murder
is the “worst thing” he ever experienced, and that he lost his ability to be optimistic. Bolden
stated that his “reason to smile and be happy” was taken from him, and he is “waiting for this life
to be over” so that he can be with Joanna again.
¶ 26 The State also presented a victim impact from Joanna’s sister, in which she stated that
everyone in her family was impacted by the loss of Joanna, but Joanna’s children are affected the
most, as they will eventually learn what happened to her.
¶ 27 The State then argued that at the time of Joanna’s murder, she was 26 years old, the
mother of three young children, had siblings and parents, and was dating Bolden. Defendant
broke into Joanna’s home and beat and stabbed her approximately 30 times using five knives.
When police arrived, defendant would not open the door, and tried to clean the evidence. When
defendant was arrested, he made racial statements putting the blame on Joanna. The State noted
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defendant’s three prior misdemeanor convictions and a pending charge for stabbing an inmate,
and asked for the maximum sentence.
¶ 28 Defense counsel argued in mitigation that the maximum sentence was inappropriate.
Counsel stated that defendant was 33 years old at the time of the offense and “heart broken” by
the mother of his children moving on with someone else. Moreover, defendant did not have prior
felony convictions. Counsel noted that she could not speak to the pending case, at which point
the trial court stated it would not consider it because the State did not present supporting
evidence. Counsel continued that defendant was unlikely to commit another crime, was
previously employed, and that his incarceration would entail hardship to his dependent children.
¶ 29 In allocution, defendant apologized for his “actions” and blamed himself for “what
happened.”
¶ 30 The court stated that it listened to the arguments, considered the victim impact
statements, reviewed the presentence investigation report, and was familiar with the statutory
factors in aggravation and mitigation. The court acknowledged that it could not adequately
communicate “the horror” that Joanna and Bolden experienced or the suffering of Joanna’s loved
ones. The court then noted that defendant’s response to the end of his relationship with Joanna
was “unspeakably violent.” The court added:
“A curious circumstance about this, and an aggravating circumstance, is that
[Joanna] and [defendant]’s children were not there. You would anticipate that if
somebody was just out of control with worked emotions stemming from demise of a
relationship to the point they couldn’t control themselves, [defendant] might have gone
and did what he did without regard to whether the children *** were there or not. The
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fact that he went there when they were not there leads me to conclude that this was
planned and that he knew that they weren’t there and that he went there to engage in this
violence at a particular time when he knew they wouldn’t be there, which bespeaks a plan
to have done this and not something that was done while he was in the throws of
particular misery or in the throws of alcohol or some substance, but that he planned to do
this and planned to do it in the manner in which it was effectuated. That’s what makes all
this particularly aggravating, on top of the particularly aggravating manner in which
[Joanna] was compelled to die at the hands of her children’s [father] in her own home
being stabbed again and again and again.”
¶ 31 The court stated that defendant “did not operate under any strong provocation as
recognized by the law,” and that the factors in aggravation were “substantial.” Thus, while
noting that defendant was eligible for a term of natural life, the court imposed a sentence of 60
years’ imprisonment for first degree murder (count IX), 6 10 years’ imprisonment for home
invasion with specific findings of severe bodily injury and great bodily harm (count XVI), and
five years’ imprisonment for aggravated battery of Bolden (count XXIV), to be served
consecutively.
¶ 32 Defense counsel filed a motion to reconsider sentence, arguing in relevant part that the
sentence was excessive in light of the “facts of this case,” defendant’s “background,” and the age
of his prior convictions. The trial court denied the motion.
6
The trial court did not impose sentence on count VI.
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¶ 33 On appeal, defendant first argues that his total sentence of 75 years’ imprisonment is
excessive, particularly where the trial court noted after the Rule 402 conference that it believed a
sentence of 40 years’ imprisonment was sufficient.
¶ 34 When sentencing a defendant, the trial court must consider both “the seriousness of the
offense” and “the objective of restoring the offender to useful citizenship.” Ill. Const. 1970, art.
I, § 11; People v. Hernandez, 2016 IL 118672, ¶ 9. The trial court has broad discretionary
powers in imposing a sentence, and its decisions are entitled to great deference because of its
superior position to consider the relevant factors, such as the defendant’s credibility, demeanor,
moral character, mentality, social environment, habits, and age. People v. Alexander, 239 Ill. 2d
205, 212-13 (2010). Thus, a sentence that falls within the statutory range is presumed proper, and
will not be disturbed absent an abuse of discretion. People v. Knox, 2014 IL App (1st) 120349,
¶ 46. A sentence constitutes an abuse of discretion where it is “greatly at variance with the spirit
and purpose of the law, or manifestly disproportionate to the nature of the offense.” (Internal
quotation marks omitted.) Alexander, 239 Ill. 2d at 212. A reviewing court “must not substitute
its judgment for that of the trial court merely because it would have weighed [the] factors
differently.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id. at 213.
¶ 35 Here, defendant was convicted of first degree murder, home invasion, and aggravated
battery. First degree murder has a sentencing range between 20 and 60 years’ imprisonment (730
ILCS 5/5-4.5-20(a) (West 2012)), or if the murdered individual was killed by the defendant in
the course of another felony, natural life in prison (730 ILCS 5/5-8-1(a)(1)(b) (West 2012)). As
charged here, home invasion is a Class X felony (720 ILCS 5/19-6(c) (West 2012)) with a
sentencing range between 6 and 30 years’ imprisonment (730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-25(a) (West 2012)).
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Aggravated battery predicated on great bodily harm, as charged here, is a Class 3 felony (720
ILCS 5/12-3.05(h) (West 2012)) with a sentencing range between two and five years’
imprisonment (730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-40(a) (West 2012)). Because each of defendant’s sentences
falls within its respective statutory range, his 75-year combined sentence is presumed to be
proper. See Knox, 2014 IL App (1st) 120349, ¶ 46.
¶ 36 Furthermore, we are not persuaded that the trial court abused its discretion in imposing
sentence. The evidence at trial established that defendant broke into Joanna’s home and attacked
her boyfriend, Bolden, while he was sleeping, causing a sprained shoulder, a fractured bone in
his eye, and a swollen nose and lip. Defendant then beat Joanna, causing blunt force injuries to
her head, neck, chest, and extremities, as well as orbital fractures around her eye bones.
Defendant stabbed Joanna approximately 30 times in her head, face, neck, and chest. Defendant
refused to let police into the apartment, and when he was arrested, yelled that Joanna deserved
what happened to her because she had relations with Bolden. At sentencing, the State
emphasized defendant’s prior misdemeanors, and Bolden and Joanna’s sister submitted victim
impact statements which expressed their continued suffering as a result of defendant’s crime.
The court also heard that defendant had previously been employed, had no prior felonies, and
was remorseful for his actions. Considering the seriousness of the offense, we cannot say the
court abused its discretion in sentencing defendant to terms within the statutory guidelines. See
People v. Decatur, 2015 IL App (1st) 130231, ¶ 12 (“it is the seriousness of the crime—rather
than the presence of mitigating factors—that is the most important factor in determining an
appropriate sentence”).
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¶ 37 Nonetheless, defendant asserts that because the trial court offered him 40 years’
imprisonment in exchange for a plea of guilty at a pretrial Rule 402 conference, his total 75-year
sentence constituted a penalty for his decision to exercise his right to trial.
¶ 38 “[A] defendant cannot be punished by the imposition of a heavier sentence merely
because he exercises his constitutional right to be tried before an impartial judge or jury.” People
v. Carroll, 260 Ill. App. 3d 319, 348 (1992). A trial court may, however, grant “dispositional
concessions” in exchange for a plea of guilty. People v. Moss, 205 Ill. 2d 139, 171 (2001). “[A]
sentence greater than that offered before trial may be explained by the court’s consideration of
additional evidence regarding the circumstances of the crime admitted at trial.” People v. Brown,
2018 IL App (1st) 160924, ¶ 14. Thus, we do not presume that a sentence following a trial was
imposed as punishment merely because it was greater than the one previously offered. See
People v. Andrews, 2013 IL App (1st) 121623, ¶ 19. Rather, there must be a clear showing in the
record, which exists when a trial court makes explicit remarks concerning the harsher sentence or
where the actual sentence is “outrageously higher” than the one offered during plea
negotiations. Carroll, 260 Ill. App. 3d at 349. In making this determination, we consider the
entire record, rather than focusing on a few words or statements of the trial court. People v.
Johnson, 2018 IL App (1st) 153634, ¶ 18.
¶ 39 Here, we find that defendant’s sentence was not punishment for exercising his right to
trial. The record shows that the trial court did not make any negative statements concerning
defendant’s decision to proceed to trial. Instead, at sentencing, the court properly considered the
evidence at trial as well as the aggravating and mitigating factors. Moreover, the record does not
establish what counts were the subject of the court’s offer following the Rule 402 conference and
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the court may not have been apprised of all the aggravating circumstances that were adduced at
trial. See Brown, 2018 IL App (1st) 160924, ¶ 14. Although a 40 year sentence is significantly
shorter than a 75-year sentence, considering that defendant was found guilty of first degree
murder, home invasion, and aggravated battery at trial, and sentenced within the statutory
guidelines for each offense, we cannot say his sentence was “outrageously higher” than the
court’s pretrial offer. See Carroll, 260 Ill. App. 3d at 349. Therefore, defendant has not
established that the court penalized him for proceeding to trial.
¶ 40 Defendant also argues the trial court considered an improper aggravating factor at
sentencing. Specifically, defendant asserts that the court’s comments that defendant planned the
murder for a night when his children would not be present was unsupported by the evidence.
¶ 41 Initially, the State contends that defendant forfeited this issue by failing to
contemporaneously object or include it in his postsentencing motion. See People v. Hillier, 237
Ill. 2d 539, 544 (2010) (“It is well settled that, to preserve a claim of sentencing error, both a
contemporaneous objection and a written postsentencing motion raising the issue are
required.”). Defendant concedes that he failed to expressly raise the issue, but citing People v.
Valadovinos, 2014 IL App (1st) 130076, asserts that because he is alleging his sentence was
excessive in light of the facts of the case, and the alleged error concerns the trial court’s reliance
on speculation rather than facts, this court should find his claim is preserved for review. See
Valadovinos, 2014 IL App (1st) 130076, ¶ 51 (“Although [the postsentencing] motion did not
explicitly raise the issue of improper aggravating evidence, the motion did touch on the issue of
an unfair and excessive sentence, and therefore we find that the issue has been preserved for
appeal.”). Alternatively, defendant posits that the principles of forfeiture should be relaxed
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because the defense was not required to object to an improper factor while the court was
pronouncing his sentence, and if forfeiture applies, the issue may be considered as a matter of
plain error or ineffective assistance of counsel. Even accepting that defendant preserved this
issue for review, however, we find it lacks merit.
¶ 42 To determine whether the trial court relied on an improper factor in imposing sentence,
the reviewing court “will not focus on isolated statements but instead will consider the entire
record.” People v. Walker, 2012 IL App (1st) 083655, ¶ 30. Although the trial court is allowed to
make reasonable inferences from the evidence at trial (People v. Robinson, 2015 IL App (1st)
130837, ¶ 92), it may not rely on mere speculation (People v. Zapata, 347 Ill. App. 3d 956, 964
(2004)). “A cause must be remanded for resentencing only where the reviewing court is unable
to determine the weight given to an improperly considered factor.” People v. Beals, 162 Ill. 2d
497, 509 (1994). The trial court’s consideration of an improper factor is an abuse of discretion
(People v. Minter, 2015 IL App (1st) 120958, ¶ 147), but whether the court considered an
improper factor is a question of law reviewed de novo (People v. Bowen, 2015 IL App (1st)
132046, ¶ 49).
¶ 43 Here, the trial court did not rely on an improper factor at sentencing. Bolden testified that
Joanna’s children were at their grandparents’ home on the night of defendant’s attack. There was
a series of text messages on September 7 and 8, 2013, from a phone associated with an email
address containing defendant’s first name and last initial to a contact named Joanna, asking if she
was with “johnny.” This supports the inference that defendant wanted to know whom Joanna
was with at that time. Jon and Jose testified that defendant continued to visit with the children
after he and Joanna separated, which demonstrated that defendant could have had some concept
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of his children’s whereabouts on the date of the offenses. Therefore, the court’s comments
regarding defendant’s timing of his attack were reasonable inferences formulated from the
evidence properly before it.
¶ 44 We further note that defendant’s reliance on Zapata misplaced. In Zapata, although the
record did not contain evidence that the offense at issue was gang-related, the sentencing court
relied on its personal distaste for gang violence as the predominant aggravating factor. Zapata,
347 Ill. App. 3d at 966. In contrast to Zapata, here the court made a proper inference from the
evidence presented at trial and at sentencing regarding defendant’s relationship to his children
and his questions to the victim on the night of the offense. Accordingly, we find no error.
Consequently, to the extent defendant may have forfeited the issue, he would not be entitled to
relief as a matter of plain error. See People v. McGee, 398 Ill. App. 3d 789, 794 (2010)
(“[w]ithout reversible error, there can be no plain error”). Additionally, because there was no
error, defendant cannot establish a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel. See People v. Cox,
2017 IL App (1st) 151536, ¶ 52.
¶ 45 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court.
¶ 46 Affirmed.
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