Coley v. Bradshaw & Range Funeral Home, P.C. ( 2020 )


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    Appellate Court                         Date: 2021.09.07
    13:11:32 -05'00'
    Coley v. Bradshaw & Range Funeral Home, P.C., 
    2020 IL App (2d) 190627
    Appellate Court         RAASHAN COLEY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. BRADSHAW &
    Caption                 RANGE FUNERAL HOME, P.C., Defendant-Appellee.
    District & No.          Second District
    No. 2-19-0627
    Filed                   December 21, 2020
    Decision Under          Appeal from the Circuit Court of Lake County, No. 17-L-480; the
    Review                  Hon. David P. Brodsky, Judge, presiding.
    Judgment                Affirmed.
    Counsel on              Raashan Coley, of Lisbon, Ohio, appellant pro se.
    Appeal
    Timothy D. McMahon, J. Jason Coggins, and Michael D. Barnes, of
    Wiedner & McAuliffe, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellee.
    Panel                   PRESIDING JUSTICE BRIDGES delivered the judgment of the
    court, with opinion.
    Justices Jorgensen and Brennan concurred in the judgment and
    opinion.
    OPINION
    ¶1       Plaintiff, Raashan Coley (Coley), proceeding pro se, appeals the trial court’s dismissal of
    his claim for negligent interference with his right to the possession of his deceased daughter’s
    remains. Defendant, Bradshaw & Range Funeral Home, P.C. (Bradshaw), had moved to
    dismiss the claim, pursuant to section 2-619(a)(9) of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735
    ILCS 5/2-619(a)(9) (West 2018)), arguing that section 45 of the Disposition of Remains Act
    (Remains Act) (755 ILCS 65/45 (West 2014)) shielded it from liability. On appeal, Coley
    argues that his claim should not have been dismissed because Bradshaw failed to meet section
    45’s requirements. Coley is not challenging the outcome of the jury trial on his claims for
    intentional infliction of emotional distress and willful and wanton conduct. We affirm.
    ¶2                                        I. BACKGROUND
    ¶3       Raashanai J. Coley (Raashanai) died intestate on September 5, 2014, after being struck in
    the stomach by her mother, Nicholette Lawrence, following a period of prolonged neglect and
    abuse. Bradshaw was the funeral establishment that handled Raashanai’s remains and
    facilitated their transfer to the crematory. At the instruction of her maternal grandfather,
    Carlton North, Raashanai’s body was cremated on September 26, 2014. The cremation was
    performed by Mt. Olivet Memorial Park Ltd. (Mt. Olivet). Coley did not learn of his daughter’s
    death and cremation until October 9, 2014. Coley maintains that, as next of kin, he had the
    right to control the disposition of his daughter’s remains.
    ¶4       On May 1, 2015, Coley filed in the circuit court of Lake County his first complaint, against
    Bradshaw and Mt. Olivet. Coley voluntarily dismissed this action on October 4, 2016, and
    refiled his case on June 28, 2017. On May 10, 2018, Coley filed an amended complaint, against
    Bradshaw only, alleging intentional infliction of emotional distress (count I), willful and
    wanton/reckless interference with the right to possess and preserve the body of the minor
    decedent (count II), and negligent interference with the right of the parent to possess and
    preserve the body of the minor decedent (count III).
    ¶5       The pertinent allegations of count III of Coley’s amended complaint were as follows:
    (1) apart from Lawrence, who was charged with Raashanai’s murder, Coley was Raashanai’s
    only adult heir and next of kin; (2) Bradshaw did not attempt to contact Coley regarding the
    disposition of Raashanai’s remains; (3) Bradshaw knew or should have known that Lawrence
    was charged with the murder of Raashanai and thus not entitled to control the disposition of
    Raashanai’s remains; (4) Bradshaw had a duty not to interfere with Coley’s right to possess
    his daughter’s remains; (5) Bradshaw breached that duty when it failed to obtain Coley’s
    authorization for the cremation, secured and transmitted invalid authorization forms for the
    cremation, and transported or allowed the transportation of Raashanai’s remains for cremation;
    and (6) these breaches caused Coley damages in the form of severe emotional distress, mental
    suffering, humiliation, and anguish.
    ¶6       Bradshaw moved to dismiss count III of Coley’s amended complaint, pursuant to section
    2-619(a)(9), arguing as follows: (1) between the time of Raashanai’s death and her cremation,
    Coley was in Mexico, evading capture by United States law enforcement officials; (2) North
    told Bradshaw that he did not know the whereabouts of Coley or how to contact him;
    (3) Bradshaw received a release authorization (Release) from Lawrence dated September 23,
    2014, authorizing North to arrange for the disposition of Raashanai’s remains; and (4) on
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    September 25, 2014, Bradshaw received two authorizations (Authorization Forms) from North
    for the cremation. One was an “Authorization for Removal of Decedent,” which stated: “I (we)
    hereby represent that I am (we are) of the same and nearest degree of relationship to the
    deceased and/or are legally authorized or charged with the responsibility for such burial and/or
    other disposition.” The other was a cremation authorization form, which stated: “There is
    another living persons [sic] (Nicholette Lawrence) who has the right to control the final
    disposition of the decedent but that person has provided, me (us) with written permission to
    arrange for the cremation of the decedent.” Bradshaw argued that, because it relied on these
    representations from North, it could not be held liable under an ordinary negligence theory. In
    support, Bradshaw cited section 45 of the Remains Act, which states, “There shall be no
    liability for *** a funeral establishment that carries out *** the directions of any person who
    represents that the person is entitled to control the disposition of the decedent’s remains.” 
    Id.
    ¶7          Bradshaw’s motion was supported by an affidavit from North, in which he stated that he
    was Raashanai’s maternal grandfather and that he resided in Oregon. He said that he first
    learned of Raashanai’s death on September 6, 2014. He learned from the Lake County
    Coroner’s Office that the coroner was holding Raashanai’s body and that an autopsy had been
    performed. Afterward, the body was placed in the coroner’s morgue while the coroner waited
    for next of kin to claim the remains. Raashanai’s body remained unclaimed at the morgue for
    at least three weeks, after which the coroner’s office informed North that it would release
    Raashanai’s remains to him.
    ¶8          The coroner’s office recommended Bradshaw to North. North contacted Bradshaw’s
    funeral director, Richard Bradshaw, who asked about Coley’s whereabouts. North informed
    Richard Bradshaw that Coley had been incarcerated in various prisons for much of Raashanai’s
    life, that it had been over a year since he had heard from Coley, and that he did not know where
    Coley or any of his immediate family lived or how to contact them. Richard Bradshaw
    informed North that, before Bradshaw would allow him to provide for the final disposition of
    Raashanai’s body and for cremation, it would require a release from Lawrence transferring her
    rights to him. It was Lawrence’s decision that Raashanai be cremated, and North agreed with
    her. North provided Bradshaw with the Release as well as the two Authorization Forms.
    ¶9          In response to Bradshaw’s motion to dismiss, Coley argued that nothing in Illinois law
    gave a party the ability to transfer to another person his or her right to control a decedent’s
    remains and, as such, the Release and the Authorization Forms were ineffective. Further, the
    Release itself was evidence that Bradshaw knew that Lawrence had been charged with
    Raashanai’s murder and that it knew that Lawrence was disqualified from determining the
    disposition of the remains pursuant to section 20(b) of the Remains Act (id. § 20(b)).
    Therefore, Bradshaw clearly knew that it had an obligation to make reasonable efforts to locate
    Coley under section 5 of the Remains Act (id. § 5), which it did not do. With regard to the
    Release and the Authorization Forms, Bradshaw knew that Lawrence had no authority to
    control the disposition of Raashanai’s remains and, as such, knew that North’s representations
    that he was entitled to control the disposition of the remains were to the contrary. As such,
    section 45 did not apply because there was no reliance.
    ¶ 10        In reply, Bradshaw argued as follows. Coley failed to respond to North’s affidavit with any
    counteraffidavit, and therefore the facts in North’s affidavit must be taken as true. Further,
    even if the allegations in Coley’s response were treated as true, that would not allow him to
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    proceed on a negligence theory, as those facts would support a willful and wanton/reckless
    interference theory.
    ¶ 11       The trial court granted Bradshaw’s motion to dismiss count III. The case then proceeded
    to a jury trial on counts I and II, with the jury finding in favor of Bradshaw on both counts.
    ¶ 12       Coley filed a posttrial motion to set aside the verdict and for a new trial. The motion mostly
    focused on what evidence was admitted at trial, with a single paragraph arguing that the trial
    court erred in dismissing count III. The motion claimed that count III would have had a lower
    burden of proof than the other counts and would not have required a showing of willful or
    wanton conduct, but it otherwise contained no explanation as to how the trial court erred.
    Coley’s reply in support of his motion expanded somewhat on this point, arguing that the
    protections of section 45 did not apply because Bradshaw knew that Coley had the greater right
    to control the disposition of the remains and as such was not entitled to rely on North’s
    representations.
    ¶ 13       Coley timely appealed.
    ¶ 14                                            II. ANALYSIS
    ¶ 15                                        A. Standard of Review
    ¶ 16       Coley argues that the trial court erred when it granted Bradshaw’s section 2-619(a)(9)
    motion to dismiss count III for negligent interference with the possession of his daughter’s
    remains. Section 2-619(a)(9) of the Code allows a defendant to move to dismiss a claim where
    “the claim asserted against defendant is barred by other affirmative matter avoiding the legal
    effect of or defeating the claim.” 735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(9) (West 2018). A section 2-619(a)(9)
    motion to dismiss allows for issues of law and easily proven issues of fact related to the
    affirmative matter to be disposed of early in litigation. Reynolds v. Jimmy John’s Enterprises,
    LLC, 
    2013 IL App (4th) 120139
    , ¶ 30. In such a motion, the defendant is effectively saying,
    “ ‘Yes, the complaint was legally sufficient, but an affirmative matter exists that defeats the
    claim.’ ” Winters v. Wangler, 
    386 Ill. App. 3d 788
    , 792 (2008). “Immunity from tort liability
    pursuant to statute is an affirmative matter properly raised in a section 2-619 motion to
    dismiss.” Sandholm v. Kuecker, 
    2012 IL 111443
    , ¶ 54. When considering a motion to dismiss
    pursuant to section 2-619, a court must accept as true all well-pleaded facts, as well as any
    reasonable inferences drawn from those facts, but not mere conclusions unsupported by
    specific facts. Patrick Engineering, Inc. v. City of Naperville, 
    2012 IL 113148
    , ¶ 31. The court
    must also interpret all pleadings and supporting documents in the light most favorable to the
    nonmoving party. Snyder v. Heidelberger, 
    2011 IL 111052
    , ¶ 8. The dismissal of a claim
    pursuant to section 2-619(a)(9) is reviewed de novo. 
    Id.
    ¶ 17       This appeal centers on whether section 45 of the Remains Act shields Bradshaw from
    liability under Coley’s negligence claim. This is an issue of statutory interpretation. The
    primary goal of statutory interpretation is to ascertain and give effect to the intent of the
    legislature. Ryan v. Board of Trustees of the General Assembly Retirement System, 
    236 Ill. 2d 315
    , 319 (2010). The best indication of the legislature’s intent is the plain language of the
    statute itself. 
    Id.
     In determining the plain meaning of statutory language, the court looks to the
    statute as a whole, the subject it addresses, and the apparent intent of the legislature. People v.
    Perry, 
    224 Ill. 2d 312
    , 323 (2007). Where the statutory language is clear and unambiguous, it
    must be applied without resorting to additional tools of statutory interpretation. Benzakry v.
    Patel, 
    2017 IL App (3d) 160162
    , ¶ 74. The construction of a statute is a question of law and is
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    reviewed de novo. Sperl v. Henry, 
    2018 IL 123132
    , ¶ 23.
    ¶ 18                                  B. The Disposition of Remains Act
    ¶ 19       Section 5 of the Remains Act (755 ILCS 65/5 (West 2014)) sets forth a list of individuals
    who have the right to dispose of a decedent’s remains, prioritizing such individuals in the
    following order: any individual designated by the decedent in a written instrument, the
    executor of the decedent’s estate if they are carrying out instructions contained in the
    decedent’s will, the decedent’s spouse, the decedent’s adult children, the decedent’s parents,
    adults in the next degrees of kindred, and so on.
    ¶ 20       Section 20(b) of the Remains Act provides that “[i]f any person who would otherwise have
    the right to control the disposition *** has been charged with first or second degree murder
    *** in connection with the decedent’s death and those charges are known to the funeral director
    ***, that person’s right to control is relinquished.” 
    Id.
     § 20(b).
    ¶ 21       There has been no prior case that examines section 45 of the Remains Act, and as such,
    this is an issue of first impression. Section 45 of the Remains Act reads as follows:
    “There shall be no liability for a cemetery organization, a business operating a
    crematory or columbarium or both, a funeral director or an embalmer, or a funeral
    establishment that carries out the written directions of a decedent or the directions of
    any person who represents that the person is entitled to control the disposition of the
    decedent’s remains. Nothing herein shall be intended or construed to reduce or
    eliminate liability for the gross negligence or willful acts of any cemetery organization,
    business operating a crematory or columbarium or both, funeral director or embalmer,
    or funeral establishment.” Id. § 45.
    Under the plain language of the statute, in order to be shielded from liability by section 45, a
    defendant must show the following: (1) the defendant is a cemetery organization, a business
    operating a crematory or columbarium or both, a funeral director or an embalmer, or a funeral
    establishment; (2) the defendant carried out the written directions of a decedent or the
    directions of any person who represents that the person is entitled to control the disposition of
    the decedent’s remains; and (3) the claims against the defendant do not constitute gross
    negligence or willful acts.
    ¶ 22       The first element is not at issue in this appeal, as there is no dispute regarding Bradshaw’s
    status as a funeral establishment. Likewise, the third element is not at issue in this case, as the
    dismissed claim did not allege gross negligence or willful conduct on the part of Bradshaw.
    ¶ 23                      C. Section 45 Does Not Require Reasonable Reliance
    ¶ 24       Coley asserts that, to claim the protection of section 45 of the Remains Act, a defendant
    must reasonably rely on the representations of the person claiming to be entitled to dispose of
    the decedent’s remains and, likewise, that the language of section 20(b) creates a duty for a
    funeral director not to rely on the instructions of a person who the funeral director knows is
    charged with the murder of the decedent. Additionally, because the language of section 20(b)
    is more specific, it should control over the more general language of section 45. Bradshaw
    maintains that section 45’s plain language is unambiguous and does not include anything about
    reliance and that, as such, Bradshaw was not required to demonstrate reasonable reliance to
    claim the statute’s protections. Likewise, Bradshaw argues that Coley has stretched section
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    20(b) “well-beyond any reasonable interpretation” and that nothing in section 20(b) refers to
    section 45 or the liability of funeral establishments. In regard to section 20(b) being more
    specific than section 45, Bradshaw argues that the sections address different subjects and that
    section 45 is far more specific regarding a funeral establishment’s liability.
    ¶ 25        We disagree with Coley’s interpretations of sections 20(b) and 45 of the Remains Act. “It
    is a cardinal rule of statutory construction that we cannot rewrite a statute, and depart from its
    plain language, by reading into it exceptions, limitations or conditions not expressed by the
    legislature.” People ex rel. Birkett v. Dockery, 
    235 Ill. 2d 73
    , 81 (2009). The plain language of
    section 45 contains no reference to reasonable reliance, and to interpret the statute as otherwise
    would be reading into it limitations that are not present in the text. Likewise, the plain language
    of section 20(b) does not place any duties or obligations on the funeral director but rather
    makes the relinquishment of a killer’s right to control the disposition of the remains conditional
    upon the funeral director’s knowledge of the charge.
    ¶ 26                D. Reasonable Reliance Is Not Required to Avoid Absurd Outcomes
    ¶ 27       Coley argues that reading section 45 of the Remains Act as not requiring reasonable
    reliance on the part of the funeral establishment would lead to absurd outcomes. It would allow
    a funeral establishment to escape liability for knowingly allowing a murderer to dictate how
    the remains of their victim are to be disposed or to escape liability for carrying out the
    instructions of a five-year-old child. Bradshaw argues that section 45 limits a funeral
    establishment’s liability for regular negligence but not for gross negligence or willful and
    wanton conduct, such as knowingly relying on a false representation.
    ¶ 28       While it is true that statutes should be interpreted to avoid absurd, unreasonable, or unjust
    results that the legislature could not have intended (Palm v. Holocker, 
    2018 IL 123152
    , ¶ 21),
    we do not find that reasonable reliance is necessary to avoid an absurd result. Section 45
    already takes into account the type of knowing actions described by Coley, as it protects funeral
    establishments from negligent conduct, but not gross negligence or willful conduct. Willful
    conduct can be either intentional or reckless. Ziarko v. Soo Line R.R. Co., 
    161 Ill. 2d 267
    , 275
    (1994). Willful conduct can include a “conscious disregard for the right of another to possess
    and preserve the body of [a] decedent for burial.” Rekosh v. Parks, 
    316 Ill. App. 3d 58
    , 71
    (2000). As such, a funeral establishment could be held liable in the scenarios described by
    Coley, since knowingly carrying out the directions of someone who is not authorized to
    determine how to dispose of the decedent’s remains would constitute willful conduct outside
    the protection of section 45. Indeed, Coley was able to pursue his claim for willful and wanton
    interference at trial, based on the same set of facts as his negligence claim.
    ¶ 29              E. The Crematory Regulation Act Does Not Support Reasonable Reliance
    ¶ 30      Coley argues that the reasonable-reliance element of section 45 is also supported by section
    20(a)(1)(N) of the Crematory Regulation Act, which states,
    “The cremation authorization form, other than pre-need cremation forms, shall also
    be signed by a funeral director or other representative of the funeral establishment
    that obtained the cremation authorization. That individual shall merely execute the
    cremation authorization form as a witness and shall not be responsible for any of
    the representations made by the authorizing agent, unless the individual has actual
    knowledge to the contrary.” 410 ILCS 18/20(a)(1)(N) (West 2014).
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    Coley argues that the Crematory Regulation Act should be considered in pari materia with the
    Remains Act. As such, Coley argues, because the Crematory Regulation Act does not allow a
    funeral director to rely on representations made in a cremation authorization form that he or
    she knows to be false, neither should section 45. Bradshaw argues that the Crematory
    Regulation Act was not raised before the trial court and that Coley’s argument should be
    deemed forfeited. Further, Bradshaw maintains that nothing in section 20 references section
    45 and that section 20 applies only to witnesses to the authorization form and not funeral
    establishments like Bradshaw.
    ¶ 31       While Coley did cite the Crematory Regulation Act in his amended complaint, he did not
    raise the argument that it must be considered in pari materia with the Remains Act in his
    response to Bradshaw’s motion. However, forfeiture is a doctrine of administrative
    convenience, not one of jurisdiction, and the interests of maintaining a sound body of precedent
    can override forfeiture. People v. Segoviano, 
    189 Ill. 2d 228
    , 243 (2000). Accordingly, we will
    briefly discuss the Crematory Regulation Act. “Under the doctrine of in pari materia, two
    statutes dealing with the same subject will be considered with reference to one another to give
    them harmonious effect.” People v. McCarty, 
    223 Ill. 2d 109
    , 133 (2006). We agree with Coley
    that section 20(a)(1)(N) of the Crematory Regulation Act and section 45 of the Remains Act
    address the same subject matter. However, we disagree that reading reasonable reliance into
    section 45 is necessary to harmonize the statutes. Section 20(a)(1)(N) makes a funeral director
    responsible for knowingly witnessing false representations in a cremation authorization form.
    Such conduct would be essentially the same as knowingly carrying out the directions of
    someone who is unauthorized to control the disposition of the decedent’s remains, which, as
    we discussed, would constitute willful conduct. Rekosh, 
    316 Ill. App. 3d at 71
    .
    ¶ 32                  F. The Slayer Statute Does Not Support Reasonable Reliance
    ¶ 33       Coley argues that section 2-6 of the Probate Act of 1975 (755 ILCS 5/2-6 (West 2014))
    (commonly known as the Slayer Statute), which bars a person who intentionally and justifiably
    kills a decedent from receiving property from the decedent through inheritance laws or
    otherwise, should also be considered in pari materia with section 20(b) of the Remains Act.
    While the two statutes arguably address the same subject matter, i.e., a limitation on the rights
    of a decedent’s killer, it is unclear what the Slayer Statute adds to our analysis or how it is in
    disharmony with section 45. Coley maintains that allowing Bradshaw to claim immunity under
    section 45 of the Remains Act would render the Slayer Statute and sections 5 and 20(b) of the
    Remains Act meaningless. We disagree. The legislature’s decision to limit the liability of
    funeral establishments for violations under certain circumstances does not render the other
    statutes meaningless. Section 5 still sets forth who has priority with regard to the disposition
    of a decedent’s remains, section 20(b) still revokes the rights of a decedent’s killer to control
    the disposition of the remains, and the Slayer Statute still prevents a decedent’s killer from
    benefitting from the decedent’s death.
    ¶ 34                      G. Cochran Does Not Require Reasonable Reliance
    ¶ 35       Coley argues that the supreme court’s recognition of negligent interference with the right
    to possess a corpse as a cause of action, in Cochran v. Securitas Security Services USA, Inc.,
    
    2017 IL 121200
    , ¶ 24, applies to funeral homes. As such, he should be allowed to pursue his
    negligence claim against Bradshaw. Bradshaw notes that it never argued that section 45 was a
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    per se bar to negligence claims but, rather, that it bars negligence claims only in instances
    where a funeral establishment carries out the instructions of a person representing that he or
    she is entitled to control of a decedent’s remains. In Cochran, a morgue’s security staff failed
    to properly tag and log the body of a deceased man and subsequently released the body to a
    funeral home for cremation before an autopsy could be performed. Id. ¶¶ 3-7. We agree with
    Coley that Cochran applies to funeral homes. However, we do not see how Cochran prevents
    Bradshaw from claiming the protections of section 45 in the instant case. We agree with
    Bradshaw that section 45 does not bar a funeral establishment from liability in all
    circumstances. Indeed, were a funeral establishment to negligently mix up two bodies and send
    the wrong one out for cremation, as occurred in Cochran, section 45 would not protect it.
    ¶ 36                          H. Bradshaw Established the Necessary Facts to
    Support Its Motion to Dismiss
    ¶ 37       Coley argues that, because the amended complaint alleges that Bradshaw knew that
    Lawrence was charged with Raashanai’s murder, it was reasonable to infer that Bradshaw
    knew that she had no right to control the disposition of Raashanai’s remains. As such, it could
    not have reasonably relied on North’s representations since they were based on the transfer of
    Lawrence’s rights to North. Coley further argues that the deposition of Richard Bradshaw
    demonstrates that he knew that Lawrence was in custody for Raashanai’s murder since he
    called the coroner’s office to find out. Additionally, Coley argues that the deposition testimony
    shows that the coroner’s office suggested to Richard Bradshaw that he prepare something
    transferring Lawrence’s rights to North and that neither Lawrence nor North suggested this
    procedure. Further, it was Richard Bradshaw who gave North the Release and the
    Authorization Forms to complete, demonstrating that Bradshaw was in essence making the
    representations—that Lawrence and subsequently North had the right to dispose of
    Raashanai’s remains—to itself. Bradshaw counters that its motion to dismiss was supported
    by an affidavit establishing that, when it facilitated the cremation of Raashanai’s remains, it
    was carrying out the directions of a person representing that he had the right to control the
    disposition of those remains. Further, Coley failed to rebut that affidavit with a counteraffidavit
    or raise before the trial court the deposition testimony in his response to the motion. As such,
    Coley should be barred from raising the deposition testimony now. Bradshaw also maintains
    that Coley misrepresents the deposition testimony and that, while it knew that Lawrence was
    incarcerated, it did not know that Lawrence had been charged with Raashanai’s murder.
    ¶ 38       With regard to the deposition testimony, arguments not raised before the trial court are
    forfeited on appeal. IPF Recovery Co. v. Illinois Insurance Guaranty Fund, 
    356 Ill. App. 3d 658
    , 666 (2005). Coley’s failure to raise the deposition testimony in response to Bradshaw’s
    motion to dismiss forfeits the issue on appeal.
    ¶ 39       We now move to the substance of Bradshaw’s motion to dismiss. If the grounds for
    dismissal do not appear on the face of the pleading being attacked, a section 2-619 motion to
    dismiss must be supported by an affidavit. In support of its motion to dismiss, Bradshaw
    submitted an affidavit by North, in which he stated that he completed and returned the signed
    Release and the Authorization Forms. “When supporting affidavits have not been challenged
    or contradicted by counter-affidavits or other appropriate means, the facts stated therein are
    deemed admitted.” Zedella v. Gibson, 
    165 Ill. 2d 181
    , 185 (1995). However, on a section 2-
    619 motion, such an affidavit may not be used to challenge the factual allegations of the
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    plaintiff’s complaint, as that is the function of a motion for summary judgment under section
    2-1005 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-1005 (West 2018)). Reynolds, 
    2013 IL App (4th) 120139
    ,
    ¶ 34. Coley submitted no counteraffidavit, but he did allege in his complaint that Bradshaw
    knew or should have known that Lawrence was charged with Raashanai’s murder.
    ¶ 40       Upon consideration however, North’s affidavit does not challenge the factual allegations
    of Coley’s complaint, particularly the allegation that Bradshaw knew that Lawrence was
    charged with murder. Rather, the affidavit established the affirmative matter that North
    represented to Bradshaw that he was entitled to control the disposition of Raashanai’s remains
    and that Bradshaw carried out his instructions. As such, Bradshaw established the elements
    required by section 45.
    ¶ 41       As to Coley’s argument that the representations were not North’s because Bradshaw
    instructed him to fill out the forms, he cites no case law in support of his claim, and at least
    one of the forms, the cremation authorization, is required by statute. See 410 ILCS 18/20 (West
    2014). Accordingly, we reject that argument.
    ¶ 42                         I. Bradshaw Was Not Obligated to Locate Coley
    ¶ 43       Coley argues that count III of his amended complaint alleged three alternative theories of
    negligence: (1) Bradshaw failed to obtain a proper cremation form from Coley, i.e., he did not
    use reasonable efforts to locate Coley; (2) Bradshaw secured and transmitted an invalid
    cremation form; and (3) Bradshaw transported and/or allowed the transportation of
    Raashanai’s remains for cremation without proper authorization from Coley. Coley maintains
    that, even if section 45 of the Remains Act bars recovery for Bradshaw’s transmission of an
    invalid cremation form based on North’s representations, it would not preclude recovery based
    on Bradshaw’s failure to make reasonable efforts to locate Coley. In support of his contention
    that Bradshaw was obligated to make reasonable efforts to locate him, Coley cites section 5(5)
    of the Remains Act, which states, “if one of the surviving competent parents is absent, the
    remaining competent parent shall be vested with the rights and duties of this Act after
    reasonable efforts have been unsuccessful in locating the absent surviving competent parent.”
    755 ILCS 65/5(5) (West 2014). Coley also cites Rekosh for the proposition that “[a] funeral
    home’s facilitation of a cremation that is not legally authorized, knowing that there are next of
    kin who are potentially unaware of the death or the arrangements and perhaps have objections,
    may reasonably be regarded as [extreme and outrageous conduct].” Rekosh, 
    316 Ill. App. 3d at 66
    .
    ¶ 44       While Rekosh found that the funeral home’s facilitation of an unauthorized cremation could
    constitute extreme and outrageous conduct, it is silent as to what obligation if any the funeral
    home had to try to locate the next of kin. 
    Id.
     As for section 5(5) of the Remains Act, it likewise
    does not say who is supposed to make reasonable efforts to locate the absent parent. However,
    sections 5(4) and 5(6) place the onus on the family to locate absent members. Section 5(4)
    provides that “less than one-half of the surviving adult children shall be vested with the rights
    and duties of this Section if they have used reasonable efforts to notify all other surviving
    competent adult children of their instructions,” and section 5(6) states that “less than the
    majority of surviving competent adult persons of the same degree of kindred shall be vested
    with the rights and duties of this Act if those persons have used reasonable efforts to notify all
    other surviving competent adult persons of the same degree of kindred of their instructions.”
    755 ILCS 65/5(4), (6) (West 2014). Additionally, the Crematory Regulation Act, which uses
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    the same order of priority as section 5 of the Remains Act to determine who has the right to
    serve as an authorizing agent, places the obligation on the authorizing agent to make reasonable
    efforts to locate persons with a superior priority right. 410 ILCS 18/15, 20(a)(1)(E) (West
    2014) (“In the event there is another living person who has a superior priority right to that of
    the authorizing agent, the form shall contain a representation that the authorizing agent has
    made all reasonable efforts to contact that person ***.”). While we do not go so far as to state
    that there are no circumstances under which a funeral establishment might be obligated to make
    reasonable efforts to locate a decedent’s next of kin, Coley has failed to demonstrate that under
    the circumstances of this case Bradshaw was obligated to make such efforts.
    ¶ 45                                       III. CONCLUSION
    ¶ 46       Section 45 of the Remains Act entitled Bradshaw to immunity from Coley’s negligence
    claim because Bradshaw sufficiently established that it carried out the instructions of North,
    who represented that he was entitled to control the disposition of Raashanai’s remains. Coley’s
    arguments that section 45 required Bradshaw to show that it reasonably relied on North’s
    instructions are inconsistent with the statute’s plain language. Accordingly, the judgment of
    the circuit court of Lake County is affirmed.
    ¶ 47      Affirmed.
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Document Info

Docket Number: 2-19-0627

Filed Date: 12/21/2020

Precedential Status: Precedential

Modified Date: 7/30/2024