People v. Grosey , 2024 IL App (2d) 240391-U ( 2024 )

2024 IL App (2d) 240391-UNo. 2-24-0391
Order filed October 4, 2024
NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23(b) and is not precedent
except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
______________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
SECOND DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
OF ILLINOIS, ) of Kane County.
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
)
v. ) No. 24-CF-834
)
STEVEN GROSEY, ) Honorable
) Julia Yetter,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________
PRESIDING JUSTICE McLAREN delivered the judgment of the court.
Justices Jorgensen and Kennedy concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The trial court erred in finding that no condition or set of conditions could mitigate
the real and present threat that defendant posed to the safety of the victims or others.
The trial court is reversed, and the cause is remanded for further proceedings.
¶2 In this interlocutory appeal under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 604(h) (eff. Apr. 15, 2024),
defendant, Steven Grosey, timely appeals the order of the circuit court of Kane County granting
the State’s petition to detain him pursuant to Public Acts 101-652, § 10-255 (eff. Jan. 1, 2023),
2024 IL App (2d) 240391-Ucommonly known as the Pretrial Fairness Act (Act). 1 See also Pub. Act 102-1104, § 70 (eff. Jan.
1, 2023) (amending various provisions of the Act); Rowe v. Raoul, 2023 IL 129248, ¶ 52 (lifting
stay and setting effective date as September 18, 2023). For the following reasons, we affirm in
part, reverse in part, and remand the case.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 On April 23, 2024, the State charged defendant with two counts of predatory criminal
sexual assault of a victim under 13 years old (720 ILCS 5/11-1.40(a)(1) (West 2022)) (Class X).
The offenses were alleged to have been committed during one weekend in the summer of 2020.
¶5 A synopsis of facts related to the charges against defendant was prepared by the Kane
County Sheriff’s Department (Department) and provided as follows. In early April 2024, the
Department filed a report of alleged sexual abuse of a child with the Kane County Child Advocacy
Center (Center). In September 2022, the victim C.G. (born on February 22, 2009) was forensically
interviewed by the Lakeville Police Department, near her home in Minnesota. C.G. reported that
defendant sexually assaulted her while she was visiting her grandmother in 2020. Defendant was
interviewed at the Center in October 2023 and denied C.G.’s accusations.
¶6 The report continued, stating that in December 2023, while investigating an unrelated case
of alleged sexual abuse of a child, a juvenile cousin of C.G. disclosed that E.G. (born on August
11, 2011), C.G.’s younger sister, had also stated she had been sexually assaulted by defendant on
the same evening in 2020. A Lakeview Police Department detective conducted a forensic
1
The Act is also commonly known as the Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-
Today (SAFE-T) Act. Neither name is official, as neither appears in the Illinois Compiled Statutes
or public acts.
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2024 IL App (2d) 240391-Uinterview of E.G. in January 2024, and her account closely matched that of her older sister.
Defendant was arrested by warrant for two counts of predatory criminal sexual assault April 26,
2024. The State filed a petition to deny pretrial release the next day.
¶7 Defendant’s public safety assessment report of April 27, 2024, indicated that he was 53
years old at the time of arrest. The pretrial officer rated defendant as 3 out of 6 for “New Violent
Criminal Activity” and 2 out of 6 for “Failure to Appear.” Relevant risk factors included the
violent nature of the offense and defendant’s prior incarceration for a misdemeanor conviction.
The officer noted that if defendant were to be released, he should be subject to “Max Conditions,”
including intake appointment with court services, court reminders prior to hearings, and face-to-
face contact as needed. The assessment specifically noted defendant’s prior misdemeanor
convictions from California in 1995 and 2003.
¶8 The hearing on the petition to deny pretrial release was held on April 28, 2024. The State
argued defendant was a real and present threat to the victims and the community. The trial court
noted that a delay in minors reporting sexual assault is not unusual. Relying upon the investigative
report, the court found that “the proof is evident and the presumption’s great that the Defendant
committed the detainable offenses pursuant to Statute” and was a real and present threat to the
“physical safety of the two alleged minor victims, and because this is a non-probationary forcible
felony, to the community at large.” The trial court, Judge Mark A. Pheanis presiding, concluded
that it did not find “any condition or combination of conditions that would mitigate the threat.”
¶9 In the written pretrial release/detention order, the trial court found defendant was charged
with a detainable offense pursuant to section 110.6.1(a) of the Code (725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(a) (West
2022)), as amended by the Act. In support of its finding, the court referred to the police synopsis.
The trial court found that defendant posed a real and present threat noting, defendant “is alleged
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2024 IL App (2d) 240391-Uto have sexually abused two children in the course of apparent commission of crimes of
opportunity as indicated on the record.” In determining that less restrictive conditions would be
insufficient, the court noted the “nature of the charges based on information available [the police
synopsis] that defendant poses a danger to the victims and community that cannot be mitigated
due to multiple acts of sexual abuse as indicated in the record.”
¶ 10 The trial court, Judge Julia Yetter, presiding, held a review on the necessity of detention
and denied defendant’s requested release on May 29, 2024. During a subsequent hearing on June
6, 2024, the trial court heard additional facts and arguments relating to detention and again denied
pretrial release. Defendant filed a timely motion for relief, and the trial court held a hearing on the
motion on June 21, 2024. The trial court noted the violent nature of the crimes alleged, that the
crimes allegedly occurred while other people were present elsewhere in the home, and that not
even electronic home monitoring, “which would be arguably the most restrictive condition we
have short of detention, sufficiently monitors who [defendant] is in contact with.”
¶ 11 This timely appeal followed.
¶ 12 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 13 Pretrial release is governed by section 110 of the Code. 725 ILCS 5/110-1 et seq. (West
2022). To deny a defendant pretrial release, the trial court must find that the State proved the
following by clear and convincing evidence: (1) the proof was evident or the presumption great
that defendant committed a detainable offense (id. § 110-6.1(e)(1)); (2) defendant’s pretrial release
posed a real and present threat to the safety of any person or persons or the community (id. § 110-
6.1(e)(2)); and (3) no condition or combination of conditions could mitigate the real and present
threat to the safety of any person or the community or prevent the defendant's willful flight from
prosecution (id. § 110-6.1(e)(3)).
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2024 IL App (2d) 240391-U¶ 14 For pretrial release, we review whether the trial court’s factual findings were against the
manifest weight of the evidence. People v. Trottier, 2023 IL App (2d) 230317, ¶ 13; People v.
Vingara, 2023 IL App (5th) 230698, ¶ 10. A finding is against the manifest weight of the evidence
when it is unreasonable. People v. Deleon, 227 Ill. 2d 322, 332 (2008); People v. Sims, 2022 IL
App (2d) 200391, ¶ 72. Under a bifurcated standard, we review the trial court’s ultimate decision
regarding pretrial release for an abuse of discretion. Trottier, 2023 IL App (2d) 230317, ¶ 13;
People v. Miller, 2024 IL App (1st) 240588, ¶ 27; People v. Saucedo, 2024 IL App (1st) 232020,
¶ 36. An abuse of discretion occurs when the court’s decision is arbitrary, fanciful, or unreasonable
or where no reasonable person would take the view adopted by the trial court. Trottier, 2023 IL
App (2d) 230317, ¶ 13; People v. Williams, 2022 IL App (2d) 200455, ¶ 52.
¶ 15 A. Detainable Offenses
¶ 16 Defendant first avers that the trial court erred in finding the proof evident or the
presumption great that he committed a detainable offense. In support of this argument, defendant
notes the allegation of sexual abuse only came out years after the incident and argues that the abuse
could not have occurred because C.G. and E.G.’s aunt, Cheryl Ginley, claimed she had been up all
night with the alleged victims. Defendant claims the statements of the alleged victims and their
aunt, who is also defendant’s girlfriend, cannot both be true and, thus, the State failed to establish
the proof was evident or the presumption great that he committed the offenses.
¶ 17 The trial court reviewed multiple investigative reports that included interviews with the
two alleged victims, their mother, and their aunt Cheryl. As the trier of fact, the trial court found
that “the State did prove by clear and convincing evidence the proof evident and the presumption
great that [defendant] did the detainable offense of predatory criminal sexual assault”. “[W]e will
not substitute our own judgment for the trier of fact on issues regarding the weight of the evidence
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2024 IL App (2d) 240391-Uor the credibility of witnesses.” People v. Vega, 2018 IL App (1st), ¶ 44. Based upon our review
of the record, the aforementioned court’s findings were not contrary to the manifest weight of the
evidence.
¶ 18 B. Danger to Any Person or the Community
¶ 19 Next, defendant argues that the State failed to meet its burden to establish that he poses a
real and present threat to the safety of any person or the community. The legislature set forth a
number of factors the trial court can consider when making such a determination, including the
nature of the offense, the history and characteristics of defendant, and “any other factors.” 725
ILCS 5/110-6.1(g) (eff. Jan. 1, 2023).
¶ 20 Defendant notes the alleged victims live in another state and he has had no contact with
either since 2020. And while he does have a criminal history, defendant posits these are non-
violent offenses from 20 and 30 years ago. Defendant argues he had not been accused of any prior
sexual assaults, and has a stable living situation and employment.
¶ 21 The State responds that the trial court repeatedly spoke to this issue. During the June 6
hearing, the court agreed that defendant was unlikely to have access to C.G. and E.G. since they
currently reside in Minnesota. The court did not find defendant to be a threat to “those specific
minors.” Since he was not acting in a caretaking capacity where he had regular access or control
over the minor children, however, the trial court found the threat posed by defendant was not
limited to just C.G and E.G. “He is a threat in this Court’s opinion to any minor that he has
occasional access to and unfortunately that is any child of any friend, any family member, anyone
who he has an opportunity to be around in a social setting in some way.” During the June 21
hearing on defendant’s Motion to Reconsider, the trial court elaborated further that such findings
were based “not solely that these are violent allegations, but that these allegations allege that this
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2024 IL App (2d) 240391-Uconduct occurred with other people around.” See People v. Atterberry, 2023 IL App (4th) 231028,
¶ 18 (noting that detention decisions must be “individualized” and based both on “the specific facts
of the case and the defendant’s individual background and characteristics”). Upon our review of
the record, the trial court’s finding that defendant is threat to the community is not against the
manifest weight of the evidence.
¶ 22 C. Conditions of Release
¶ 23 Finally, defendant asserts that the trial court erred in finding that no less restrictive
conditions could mitigate the threat he poses to the community. Defendant is correct that the
inherent danger presented by the charges themselves is insufficient to rebut the presumption of
pretrial release. Indeed, in enacting the Act, “[o]ur legislature has mandated that all criminal
defendants are eligible for pretrial release.” (Emphasis added.) People v. Stock, 2023 IL App (1st)
231753, ¶ 18 (citing 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(e) (West 2022)). Even those charged with violent
offenses are presumed eligible for release and, if “the base allegations that make up the
sine qua non of a violent offense were sufficient on their own to establish this element, then the
legislature would have simply deemed those accused of violent offenses ineligible for release.” Id.
¶ 18.
¶ 24 The State counters that the trial court held it had “a limited ability to monitor” defendant.
The court held that while electronic home monitoring would allow the court to monitor defendant’s
geographic location, it would not “sufficiently” monitor to whom defendant was in contact. While
the State provided a summary of the trial court’s reasoning, it failed to point to any clear and
convincing evidence in the record that no condition or combinations could mitigate the real and
present threat.
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2024 IL App (2d) 240391-U¶ 25 If the trial court denies pretrial release to a defendant, “the court must make written findings
summarizing the reasons for denying pretrial release, including why less restrictive conditions
would not avoid a real and present threat to the safety of any person or the community, based on
the specific articulable facts of the case.” People v. Horne, 2023 IL App (2d) 230382, ¶ 18. The
State must then also provide evidence to meet its burden to show that there is no condition or
combination of conditions to mitigate that perceived danger.
¶ 26 Here, the State did not provide any such evidence. The State only argued that the court
should consider the potential risk for psychological harm to C.G. and E.G. if they learn that
defendant has been released, even with electronic home monitoring. Citing only to Justice
Birkett’s dissent in People v. Martinez-Ortiz, 2024 IL App (2d) 240102-U (Birkett, J., dissenting),
the State acknowledged it lacked authority for this position. While it is likely true that the release
of defendant could have some potential psychological impact on the C.G. and E.G., this same
argument could be made against the release of every criminal defendant. Similarly, the trial court’s
concern about the limitations of electronic home monitoring could logically be extended to deny
the release of any person accused of this crime, regardless of the circumstances. Again, it is
insufficient to merely argue that there is no way to mitigate the risk because of the nature of the
charges alone. Stock, 2023 IL App (1st) 231753, ¶ 18; People v. McGee, 2024 IL App (2d)
240057-U, ¶ 19 (remanded when “the court did not find, nor does the record presently reflect, that
there is evidence that defendant would not likely comply with less-restrictive conditions”); People
v. Martinez-Ortiz, 2024 IL App (2d) 240102-U, ¶ 32 (remanded when the State “failed to proffer
more than conjecture that defendant could reoffend in some manner”).
¶ 27 In contrast, defense counsel suggested specific conditions to mitigate risk, including a bar
from unsupervised interactions with minors, no-contact orders, electronic home monitoring, and
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2024 IL App (2d) 240391-Urequirements that defendant maintain contact with pretrial services to ensure he follows the court’s
orders. The State did not offer any evidence to demonstrate these proffered conditions would be
insufficient. And the court did not make any findings to overcome the presumption that defendants
are eligible for release with conditions, except to note concerns about electronic home monitoring
in general. See People v. Castillo, 2024 IL App (1st) 232315, ¶ 25 (circuit court’s finding was
against the manifest weight of the evidence when the State failed to produce evidence less-
restrictive measures could mitigate the safety threat to the victims or willful flight). For example,
the court did not find, nor does the record presently reflect, that there is evidence that defendant
would not likely comply with less-restrictive conditions. See People v. Jones, 2024 IL App (2d)
230535-U, ¶ 15 (“These findings were individualized and based upon the specific articulable facts
of the case”). The court’s finding that the State met its burden to establish that no condition or
combination of conditions could mitigate the possible threat was not supported by the evidence.
The court’s finding was therefore against the manifest weight of the evidence. See People v. Finch,
2023 IL App (2d) 230381-U, ¶ 19; People v. Lee, 2024 IL App (2d) 240208-U, ¶ 32. In the absence
of clear and convincing evidence of this element, the trial court erred in determining that no
condition or combination of conditions could mitigate the threat posed by defendant. Stock, 2023
IL App (1st), ¶ 21.
¶ 28 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 29 The trial court erred in denying defendant’s pretrial release. We reverse the order of the
Lake County circuit court and remand to set conditions of defendant’s release.
¶ 30 Reversed and remanded.
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