People v. Rogers , 2024 IL App (5th) 240472-U ( 2024 )

NOTICE
2024 IL App (5th) 240472-UNOTICE
Decision filed 11/06/24. The
This order was filed under
text of this decision may be NO. 5-24-0472 Supreme Court Rule 23 and is
changed or corrected prior to
the filing of a Petition for not precedent except in the
Rehearing or the disposition of
IN THE limited circumstances allowed
the same. under Rule 23(e)(1).
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIFTH DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Massac County.
)
v. ) No. 16-CF-66
)
DAVID I. ROGERS, ) Honorable
) William J. Thurston,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE WELCH delivered the judgment of the court.
Justices Boie and McHaney concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The circuit court did not err in dismissing defendant’s petition for postjudgment
relief where he did not claim to have been a victim of domestic violence and
provided no factual support for his claim that he suffered from posttraumatic stress
disorder. As any arguments to the contrary would lack merit, we grant defendant’s
appointed counsel on appeal leave to withdraw and affirm the circuit court’s
judgment.
¶2 The defendant, David I. Rogers, pled guilty to one count of predatory criminal sexual
assault of a child and was sentenced to 17 years in the Illinois Department of Corrections. He
appeals the denial of his petition for postjudgment relief. His appointed attorney in this appeal, the
Office of the State Appellate Defender (OSAD), has concluded that this appeal lacks substantial
merit. On that basis, OSAD has filed a motion to withdraw as counsel pursuant to Pennsylvania v.
Finley, 481 U.S. 551 (1987), along with a memorandum of law in support of that motion.
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¶3 OSAD gave proper notice to Rogers. This court gave him an opportunity to file a pro se
brief, memorandum, or other document explaining why OSAD should not be allowed to withdraw
as counsel, or why this appeal has merit, but he has not done so. This court has examined OSAD’s
Finley motion and the accompanying memorandum of law, as well as the entire record on appeal,
and has concluded that this appeal does indeed lack merit. Accordingly, OSAD is granted leave to
withdraw as counsel, and the judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.
¶4 BACKGROUND
¶5 Rogers was charged with four counts of predatory criminal sexual assault of a child. He
pled guilty to one count, in exchange for the State agreement to dismiss the other three. The State
refused to agree to a sentence on the remaining count. The circuit court accepted the plea and held
a sentencing hearing. At the hearing, Rogers’s sister testified that their mother had a mental
breakdown when they were children, and it was very hard on Rogers. Rogers spoke in allocution,
alleging that his attorneys were ineffective for preventing him from accepting a pretrial offer from
the State to plead guilty in exchange for a 10-year sentence. On October 23, 2018, the court
sentenced Rogers to 17 years’ imprisonment.
¶6 On September 8, 2023, Rogers filed a petition for postjudgment relief pursuant to section
2-1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (West 2022)). Rogers alleged
that he “just recently learned from a mental health counselor here at the prison that, the time of the
offense, he was suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for which he is now seeking
treatment.” He further contended that “this condition, as well as a history of anxiety and
depression, constitutes a ‘serious mental illness,’ a statutory factor in mitigation under the recent
amendment to the unified code of corrections.” As relief, Rogers asked the court to vacate his
sentence and remand for resentencing. Rogers did not identify the individual who told him he had
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PTSD, nor did he attach their report or any other corroborating evidence. Rogers relied on section
2-1401(b-5) of the Code (id. § 2-1401(b-5)), which applies to victims of domestic violence, in
support of his argument that he was entitled to a new sentencing hearing.
¶7 On December 1, 2023, the State filed a motion to dismiss. It argued that Rogers’s petition
was untimely and that the alleged diagnosis occurred after his conviction and sentencing and was
therefore not a proper basis for relief. The court granted the State’s motion to dismiss on March
26, 2024, finding that Rogers’s petition was untimely. The court further stated that Rogers did not
allege legal disability, duress, or fraudulent concealment to toll the two-year limitations period,
nor did he argue that the judgment was void.
¶8 Rogers filed a notice of appeal from the denial of his petition. OSAD now moves to
withdraw as appellate counsel.
¶9 ANALYSIS
¶ 10 OSAD argues that dismissal of the petition was proper, and there are no meritorious
arguments to the contrary. In the memorandum supporting its Finley motion to withdraw as
counsel, OSAD states that it reviewed the issue of timeliness, as well as the merits of Rogers’s
claim. Counsel determined that, while the petition was arguably timely, it lacks substantive merit.
As we agree with counsel’s assessment that there is no arguable merit to this appeal, we grant
OSAD leave to withdraw.
¶ 11 A petition for relief from judgment pursuant to section 2-1401 of the Code is intended to
correct errors of fact that were unknown to the petitioner and the court at the time of the judgment,
and which, if known, would have prevented the rendition of that judgment. People v. Pinkonsly,
207 Ill. 2d 555, 565 (2003). A section 2-1401 petition is “not designed to provide a general review
of all trial errors or to substitute for a direct appeal.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) People v.
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Haynes, 192 Ill. 2d 437, 461 (2000). In order to be entitled to relief under this section, the petitioner
must set forth (a) a meritorious claim or defense, (b) due diligence in presenting the claim or
defense in the original action, and (c) due diligence in filing the petition. People v. Coleman, 206
Ill. 2d 261, 289 (2002). The petition must also “be supported by an affidavit or other appropriate
showing as to matters not of record.” 735 ILCS 5/2-1401(b) (West 2022).
¶ 12 When the circuit court’s ruling on a section 2-1401 petition involves a fact-dependent
challenge, we review the circuit court’s decision for abuse of discretion. Warren County Soil &
Water Conservation District v. Walters, 2015 IL 117783, ¶¶ 50-51. However, as in the present
matter, when the court’s dismissal of a section 2-1401 petition is based solely on a legal challenge,
we review its decision de novo. Id. ¶¶ 43-47 (examining the decision in People v. Vincent, 226 Ill.
2d 1 (2007), which applied de novo review to the dismissal of a section 2-1401 petition without
the benefit of responsive pleadings and without giving the petitioner notice and an opportunity to
be heard, sua sponte).
¶ 13 Section 2-1401 petitions must be filed within two years of the entry of the challenged
judgment. 735 ILCS 5/2-1401(c) (West 2022). This time limitation is mandatory, and petitions
filed after the two-year period will generally not be considered. People v. Gosier, 205 Ill. 2d 198,
206 (2001) (citing People v. Caballero, 179 Ill. 2d 205, 210 (1997)). However, the Code provides
that “[t]ime during which the person seeking relief is under legal disability or duress or the ground
for relief is fraudulently concealed shall be excluded in computing the period of 2 years.” 735
ILCS 5/2-1401(c) (Wst 2022); see also Pinkonsly, 207 Ill. 2d at 563-64. Furthermore, the time
limitation does not apply if the opposing party has waived it, or if the judgment being challenged
is void. Gosier, 205 Ill. 2d at 206-07.
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¶ 14 In the present matter, the court entered its sentencing order on October 23, 2018, and
Rogers filed his petition on September 8, 2023. As the circuit court noted, this was almost five
years after the order, and well past the two-year limitations period. Rogers did not make an
argument of voidness, and the State did not waive the time limitation. The circuit court further
found that the two-year period was not tolled due to legal disability, duress, or fraudulent
concealment.
¶ 15 However, OSAD submits that there exists a meritorious argument that the petition was
timely—if Rogers can show that he suffers from PTSD, as he claims, he could argue that the two-
year period was tolled while he was under a legal disability. OSAD instead seeks leave to withdraw
because there is no substantive merit to Rogers’s claim. While the circuit court based its dismissal
of the petition on its untimeliness, we may affirm the court’s judgment based on any reasons in the
record. Fifth Third Bank v. Brazier, 2019 IL App (1st) 190078, ¶ 13.
¶ 16 In his petition, Rogers claims that he is entitled to a new sentencing hearing because the
circuit court did not hear evidence that he suffered from PTSD at the time of the offense. In support
of his argument, he cites to section 2-1401(b-5) of the Code. This section states that a defendant
may present a meritorious claim for relief from judgment if the petition establishes, inter alia, that
the defendant’s participation in the underlying offense “was related to him or her previously having
been a victim of domestic violence as perpetrated by an intimate partner” (735 ILCS 5/2-1401(b-
5) (West 2022)), and that no evidence of that domestic violence was presented at the defendant’s
sentencing hearing.
¶ 17 Rogers quotes the purported language of this subsection in his petition. However, where
the actual text refers to victims of domestic violence as perpetrated by an intimate partner, Rogers
re-words the subsection to apply to petitioners suffering “from a serious mental illness ***
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insufficient to establish a defense of insanity.” This is not the correct language of the statute,
neither in its current nor prior versions. Rogers does not claim to have been the victim of domestic
violence.
¶ 18 It appears that Rogers transposed language from the list of mitigating sentencing factors
found in section 5-5-3.1 of the Unified Code of Corrections (730 ILCS 5/5-5-3.1(a) (West 2022)).
As Rogers correctly references, this section includes consideration of whether the defendant was
suffering from a serious mental illness at the time of the offense. Id. § 5-5-3.1(a)(16). We note that
Rogers did not provide any supporting evidence of his claim of PTSD—a section 2-1401 petition
“must be supported by an affidavit or other appropriate showing as to matters not of record.” 735
ILCS 5/2-1401(b) (West 2022). However, even if Rogers had shown at sentencing that he suffered
from PTSD at the time of the offense, and the court had factored this into its sentencing
determination, Rogers could have still received a 17-year sentence. There is no basis in the record
to find that presenting this factor to the court would have prevented the entry of the judgment at
issue. See Pinkonsly, 207 Ill. 2d at 565.
¶ 19 Therefore, we find that there is no arguable merit to Rogers’s claim, and dismissal of the
petition was proper.
¶ 20 CONCLUSION
¶ 21 As this appeal presents no issue of arguable merit, we grant OSAD leave to withdraw and
affirm the circuit court’s judgment.
¶ 22 Motion granted; judgment affirmed.
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