In the Matter of J.J-B., (Minor Child), Child in Need of Services and J.B. (Mother) v. The Indiana Department of Child Services and Child Advocates, Inc. (mem. dec.) ( 2020 )

FILED
Jan 30 2020, 9:17 am
CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Steven Halbert INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF
Indianapolis, Indiana CHILD SERVICES:
Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Attorney General of Indiana
Katherine A. Cornelius
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
CHILD ADVOCATES, INC.:
Dede Kristine Connor
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1989 | January 30, 2020 Page 1 of 11
In the Matter of J.J-B., (Minor January 30, 2020
Child), Child in Need of Services Court of Appeals Case No.
19A-JC-1989
and
Appeal from the Marion Superior
J.B. (Mother), Court
Appellant-Respondent, The Honorable Peter Haughan,
Judge Pro Tempore and
v. The Honorable Diana Burleson,
Magistrate
The Indiana Department of Trial Court Cause No.
Child Services, 49D15-1710-JC-3340
Appellee-Petitioner,
and
Child Advocates, Inc.,
Appellee-Guardian ad Litem.
Tavitas, Judge.
Case Summary
[1] J.B. (“Father”) appeals from the trial court’s adjudication of his minor child,
J.J.-B., formerly known as M.B. 1 (the “Child”), as a child in need of services
(“CHINS”). We affirm.
1
The Child is also identified in the record as “M.J.” During the pendency of the CHINS action, the Child’s
name was changed from “M.J.” to “J.J-B,” pursuant to a paternity affidavit.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1989 | January 30, 2020 Page 2 of 11
Issue
[2] J.B. raised a single issue on appeal, which we restate as whether the trial court
denied Father procedural due process when the trial court, in proceedings
related to the Child’s mother, adjudicated the Child as a CHINS one year
before Father’s fact-finding hearing.
Facts
[3] The Child (born in July 2016) is the biological child of Father and K.J.
(“Mother”); however, for much of the pendency of the matter, the Child’s
paternity was unknown. On October 6, 2017, the Marion County Office of the
Department of Child Services (“DCS”) removed the Child from Mother’s care
based on Mother’s instability and mental health issues. At the time, a DCS
matter was pending regarding one of Mother’s other children.
[4] Also, on October 6, 2017, DCS filed a verified petition in which DCS alleged
that the Child was a CHINS. At the time, the identity of the Child’s father was
unknown to DCS, and the CHINS petition so stated. For much of the
pendency of the underlying CHINS action, the paternity of the Child was
unknown. Although Mother and Father maintained an “off and on”
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1989 | January 30, 2020 Page 3 of 11
relationship throughout the pendency of the CHINS matter, Mother refused to
identify Father to DCS. 2 Tr. Vol. II p. 33.
[5] In January 2018, DCS moved to amend the CHINS petition to reflect that
Father was an alleged father of the Child, which the trial court granted. On
January 20, February 13, and May 15, 2018, the trial court conducted a
hearing, as to Mother only, on the amended CHINS petition. On June 12,
2018, the trial court adjudicated the Child as a CHINS based upon Mother’s
untreated mental health conditions, violent behavior, and pending DCS matter
regarding another child.
[6] Mother identified Father as the Child’s biological father in December 2018.
Mother and Father executed a paternity affidavit and changed the Child’s
name. On January 26, 2019, DCS filed a second amended CHINS petition,
which again identified Father as the alleged father of the Child and included
additional allegations regarding Mother.
[7] On March 12, 2019, Father, by his first attorney, admitted that the Child was a
CHINS and waived a fact-finding hearing. On April 23, 2019, Father, by new
counsel, moved to withdraw the waiver of fact-finding, which was granted.
2
Mother told family case manager Alicia Walker that, while Mother was pregnant with the Child, Father
was present in Mother’s life,” but “after [the Child] was born, [Father] was in and out of the state fleeing to
Georgia avoiding criminal charges.” Tr. Vol. II p. 33.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1989 | January 30, 2020 Page 4 of 11
[8] On May 10, 2019, DCS filed a third amended petition alleging the Child to be a
CHINS. Therein, DCS alleged, in part, that:
Family services were not provided before the removal of the
child, for the following reasons: The DCS was unable to provide
efforts to prevent removal as a result of the emergency nature of
the situation, in that DCS had concerns for [Mother’s] mental
stability and the safety of the child in her care, [ ] Father[’s]
[identity] was previously unknown but at the time [Father] was
identified[,] [Father] was incarcerated.
Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 42. Also, DCS alleged: (1) Father “has not
successfully demonstrated an ability or willingness to appropriately parent the
child, and he is either unwilling or unable to ensure the safety and well being of
the child in the care of [Mother]”; and (2) “Father has been unavailable to
parent the child due to numerous periods of incarceration” and “faces new
criminal charges that have the possibility of additional incarceration time.” Id.
[9] On May 14, 2019, the trial court conducted a fact-finding hearing as to Father.
Father did not appear. At the outset of the hearing, defense counsel moved to
dismiss DCS’s CHINS petition on the ground that the trial court failed to
complete a fact-finding hearing within 120 days of the filing of the CHINS
petition. 3 Tr. Vol. II p. 4. Defense counsel also argued that counsel was not
3
See Ind. Code § 31-34-11-1
.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1989 | January 30, 2020 Page 5 of 11
prepared for the fact-finding hearing following DCS’s recently filed amendment
of the CHINS petition on May 10 and counsel’s inability to contact Father.
[10] The trial court denied Father’s motion to dismiss and stated:
You know, this – the delay in this case is not just from a third
amended petition or a second amended petition. The delay in
this case has been that we haven’t known who [Father] is. Now
that we do, we’re doing what we can to get him tried. I allowed
you [defense counsel] to withdraw[ ] the waiver that he did in
order to give him a fair Trial. Let’s give him a fair Trial. . . . I’m
not going to dismiss it on a hundred twenty, because in January
we found out who he was. We’ve been trying to get this done.
They show up in here with a paternity affidavit that nobody
knew about, I mean, no. We’re going to Trial.
Id. at 7-8. Next, defense counsel argued that, given DCS’s belated amendment
of the CHINS petition, the trial court would deny Father due process if it
required Father to proceed with trial as scheduled. See id. at 10 (“. . .[T]his case
should not be forced to go forward today without [Father] having an
opportunity to have an adequate amount of time to prepare for Trial . . . .”).
The trial court continued the fact-finding hearing to July 23, 2019.
[11] Approximately a week before the rescheduled fact-finding hearing was to occur,
Mother gave birth to another child. Family case manager Walker testified that
Father was a likely father of the newborn and that Mother told DCS that
Mother and Father “were engaged[.]” Id. at 33.
[12] The trial court conducted the fact-finding hearing as to Father on July 23, 2019.
Father did not appear. Counsel for Father again requested a continuance and
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1989 | January 30, 2020 Page 6 of 11
cited counsel’s lack of contact with Father. The trial court denied the motion
for a continuance. The fact-finding hearing proceeded as scheduled, and the
trial court heard “statements and evidence[.]” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 28.
[13] DCS’s witnesses testified that: (1) Father failed to properly engage in supervised
visitation; (2) Father declined to participate in therapy that was “mandated in
order for him to start seeing [the Child]”; (3) Father exhibited signs of
undiagnosed mental health conditions and “concerning” behavior, but refused
to participate in a mental health assessment; (4) Father had “pending charges
for violent crimes[;] [s]o it is unknown if he will be available to parent the
child”; (5) Father failed to demonstrate that he had stable housing and
employment; and (6) Father displayed a lack of interest in the Child. Tr. Vol. II
pp. 26, 37, 38.
[14] On July 23, 2019, the trial court entered its dispositional order as to Father in
which it found: “it is in the best interest of the [C]hild to be continued removed
[sic] from the home environment”; and “remaining in the home would be
contrary to the welfare of the child” because “the allegations [were] admitted or
found to be true.” Id. at 27, 28. Father now appeals.
Analysis
[15] Father argues that the trial court denied him procedural due process. The
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the
“fundamental right to family integrity” against unwarranted government
intrusion. In re S.A., 15 N.E.3d 602, 607-08 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014), clarified on
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1989 | January 30, 2020 Page 7 of 11
reh’g, 27 N.E.3d 287 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015), trans. denied (citations and quotations
omitted). This protection encompasses parents’ fundamental right to “direct[ ]
the care, custody, and control of their children.” Id. However, a parent’s rights
are not absolute. Id. Acting under its parens patriae power, the State may
interfere with parental autonomy when it is “necessary to protect the health and
safety of children.” Id. The purpose of the CHINS statute is “to help families
in crisis—to protect children, not punish parents.” Id.
[16] Due process requires that a person be afforded the opportunity to be heard at a
meaningful time and in a meaningful manner. In re K.D., 962 N.E.2d 1249,
1257 (Ind. 2012). A parent’s right to raise one’s children is protected by due
process. McBride v. Monroe Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 798 N.E.2d 185, 194
(Ind.Ct.App.2003). Due process gives parents the right to a contested fact-
finding hearing in CHINS proceedings. K.D., 962 N.E.2d at 1259.
[17] The crux of Father’s claim is that he was denied due process as a result of the
trial court’s separate CHINS adjudication regarding Father, after the trial court
already adjudicated the Child as a CHINS as to Mother. Father relies on S.A.
in support of his claim. In S.A., three months after trial court adjudicated the
child as a CHINS based on the mother’s admission, the trial conducted a fact-
finding hearing regarding allegations pertaining to the father. This Court found
error from the fact that the trial court “had already determined the Child’s
CHINS status based solely on [the] [m]other’s admission[,]” “notwithstanding the
fact that [the father] was involved in the case and had denied the allegations in the
CHINS petition.” S.A., 15 N.E.3d at 609 (emphasis added).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1989 | January 30, 2020 Page 8 of 11
[18] In finding that the trial court “deprived [the] [f]ather of a meaningful
opportunity to be heard” when it “adjudicat[ed] the Child as a CHINS prior to
Father’s fact-finding[,]” the S.A. panel reasoned that:
. . . “[A] separate analysis as to each parent is not required” in
making a CHINS determination because a CHINS adjudication
reflects the status of a child without establishing the culpability of
a particular parent. . . . .
*****
. . .[A] separate analysis “is sometimes necessary” if allegations
have been made against both parents, and where one parent
wishes to admit that the child is a CHINS while the other denies
it. A CHINS adjudication requires that DCS prove each of the
elements in the CHINS statute, and “each parent has the right to
challenge those elements.” Thus, while [one parent] might not
be able to dispute the factual allegations admitted by [another
parent], “he [or she] has the right to contest the allegation that
[the] [C]hild needs the coercive intervention of the court.” In
these situations, due process requires that the trial court “conduct
a fact-finding hearing as to the entire matter.”
Id. at 608. On rehearing, we clarified our prior opinion and stated that, “when
the [CHINS] adjudication can involve both parents at the same time, it should
involve both parents at the same time so there is one adjudication as to all facts
pertaining to the entire matter”; however, we added:
. . . [i]f multiple hearings are unavoidable, then the trial court
should, if at all possible, refrain from adjudicating a child a
CHINS until evidence has been heard from both parents. And if
an adjudication is unavoidable before evidence has been heard from the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1989 | January 30, 2020 Page 9 of 11
second parent, then the trial court must give meaningful consideration to
the evidence provided by the second parent in determining whether the
child remains a CHINS.
In re S.A., 27 N.E.3d 287, 292 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015) (emphasis added). The facts
before us are distinguishable from those in S.A.
[19] Here, Father and Mother created the need for multiple hearings of which
Father now complains. The record reveals that: (1) Mother deliberately
concealed Father’s identity from DCS and the trial court; (2) Father—who was
involved in Mother’s life during her pregnancy with the Child, continued to be
in an “off and on” relationship with Mother throughout the pendency of the
CHINS action, and was engaged to Mother by the time of the fact-finding
hearing—was notably absent for the initial fifteen months of the CHINS matter
involving Mother; and (3) Father actively hid his identity from DCS,
purportedly in an effort to evade criminal charges. For these reasons,
“adjudication [wa]s unavoidable before evidence ha[d] been heard from
[Father,]” and—in Father’s absence—the trial court adjudicated the Child as a
CHINS relative to the allegations against Mother. See id.
[20] The record further reveals that, when DCS learned Father’s identity, DCS
amended the CHINS petition to include Father and allegations against Father,
and the trial court conducted a separate fact-finding hearing regarding Father.
Father does not assert, nor does the record indicate, that the trial court failed to
meaningfully consider the evidence provided by Father in determining whether
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1989 | January 30, 2020 Page 10 of 11
the Child should remain a CHINS. See id. Based on the foregoing, Father has
not demonstrated that the trial court denied him procedural due process.
Conclusion
[21] Father was not denied procedural due process. We affirm.
[22] Affirmed.
Najam, J., and Vaidik, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1989 | January 30, 2020 Page 11 of 11