in-the-matter-of-the-termination-of-the-parent-child-relationship-of-jb ( 2015 )


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  • MEMORANDUM DECISION
    Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                  Oct 16 2015, 6:27 am
    this Memorandum Decision shall not be
    regarded as precedent or cited before any
    court except for the purpose of establishing
    the defense of res judicata, collateral
    estoppel, or the law of the case.
    ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                    ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
    William Byer, Jr.                                         Gregory F. Zoeller
    Byer & Byer                                               Attorney General of Indiana
    Anderson, Indiana
    Robert J. Henke
    James D. Boyer
    Deputy Attorneys General
    Indianapolis, Indiana
    IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
    In the Matter of the Termination                          October 16, 2015
    of the Parent-Child Relationship                          Court of Appeals Case No.
    of J.B. (Minor Child),                                    48A02-1503-JT-200
    Appeal from the Madison Circuit
    and                                                       Court
    The Honorable G. George Pancol,
    S.B. (Mother),                                            Judge
    Appellant-Respondent,                                     Trial Court Cause No.
    48C02-1410-JT-66
    v.
    The Indiana Department of
    Child Services,
    Appellee-Petitioner
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015         Page 1 of 17
    Crone, Judge.
    Case Summary
    [1]   S.B. (“Mother”) appeals the trial court’s termination of her parental relationship
    with her two-year-old son J.B. She first challenges the trial court’s denial of her
    oral motion for continuance on the day of the final hearing. She also submits
    that the trial court erred in ordering the termination of her relationship with J.B.
    Finding that the trial court acted within its discretion in denying Mother’s last-
    minute motion for continuance and did not clearly err in finding that clear and
    convincing evidence supported the termination of the parent-child relationship,
    we affirm.
    Facts and Procedural History
    [2]   On January 15, 2013, Mother gave birth to J.B. 1 In September 2013, the
    Department of Child Services (“DCS”) opened an investigation after receiving a
    report that Mother was using marijuana in J.B.’s presence and that she failed to
    attend to his severe, bloody diaper rash. Rather than seeking medical attention
    for J.B., Mother left him with his paternal great uncle and aunt (collectively
    “Great Uncle”). That same day, DCS filed a petition alleging J.B. to be a child
    in need of services (“CHINS”). Mother, age seventeen at the time, had herself
    been designated a CHINS in a separate proceeding concerning her father. 2 At
    1
    J.B.’s father signed a voluntary consent to adoption and is not participating in these proceedings.
    2
    The CHINS proceedings concerning Mother were dismissed when Mother turned eighteen.
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015               Page 2 of 17
    the initial hearing on the CHINS petition, the trial court removed J.B. and
    placed him in relative placement with Great Uncle. Mother admitted to the
    CHINS allegations, and the trial court designated J.B. a CHINS. The court
    ordered Mother to participate in the following: supervised visitation; substance
    abuse and psycho-parenting/family assessments and treatment; individual and
    family therapy; parenting classes; and random drug testing. She also was
    ordered to maintain safe, suitable, and stable housing, a legal source of income,
    and weekly contact with DCS. Mother failed to attend a meeting scheduled to
    discuss implementation of the reunification permanency plan, and the court
    found her noncompliant with supervised visitation, substance abuse treatment,
    and home-based therapy.
    [3]   In October 2014, DCS filed a verified petition for involuntary termination of
    Mother’s parent-child relationship with J.B. Mother failed to appear for the
    November 2014 initial hearing. Notice of the February 2015 termination
    hearing was perfected by publication in the local newspaper in January 2015.
    Mother appeared at the hearing, having indicated that she had received the
    published notice. At the beginning of the hearing, she orally moved for a
    continuance on the grounds that she and counsel had not been in contact and
    therefore were unprepared to proceed. The trial court denied the motion, and
    counsel questioned witnesses on Mother’s behalf. The trial court requested
    proposed findings of fact from the parties and on March 3, 2015, issued findings
    of fact and conclusions thereon in an order terminating Mother’s relationship
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 3 of 17
    with J.B. Mother now appeals the trial court’s termination order. Additional
    facts will be provided as necessary.
    Discussion and Decision
    Section 1 – The trial court acted within its discretion in
    denying Mother’s last-minute oral motion for
    continuance.
    [4]   Mother challenges the trial court’s denial of her oral motion for continuance
    made on the morning of the termination hearing. The decision to grant or deny
    a motion for continuance is within the sound discretion of the trial court. J.P. v.
    G.M., 
    14 N.E.3d 786
    , 789 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014). We will reverse only for an
    abuse of that discretion. Rowlett v. Vanderburgh Cnty. Office of Family & Children,
    
    841 N.E.2d 615
    , 619 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied. An abuse of discretion
    occurs where the trial court reaches a conclusion that is clearly against the logic
    and effect of the facts or the reasonable and probable deductions that may be
    drawn therefrom. 
    J.P., 14 N.E.3d at 790
    . Where the trial court denies a motion
    for continuance, an abuse of discretion will be found if the moving party has
    demonstrated good cause for granting the motion. 
    Rowlett, 841 N.E.2d at 619
    ;
    see also Ind. Trial Rule 53.5 (stating that trial court has discretion to grant
    continuance on motion and continuance “shall be allowed upon a showing of
    good cause established by affidavit or other evidence.”). No abuse of discretion
    will be found where the moving party has not shown that she was prejudiced by
    the denial of her continuance motion. 
    J.P., 14 N.E.3d at 790
    .
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 4 of 17
    [5]   Mother characterizes the denial of her motion for continuance as a denial of her
    due process rights. When the State seeks to terminate parental rights, it must
    do so in a fundamentally fair manner that meets due process requirements. In
    re C.G., 
    954 N.E.2d 910
    , 917 (Ind. 2011). Due process affords parents the
    opportunity to be heard at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner. 
    Id. The United
    States Supreme Court addressed the due process requirement in
    connection with requests for continuance in Ungar v. Sarafite, 
    376 U.S. 575
    , 589-
    90 (1964), reasoning,
    The matter of continuance is traditionally within the discretion of
    the trial judge, and it is not every denial of a request for more
    time that violates due process even if the party fails to offer
    evidence or is compelled to defend without counsel. Contrawise,
    a myopic insistence upon expeditiousness in the face of a
    justifiable request for delay can render the right to defend with
    counsel an empty formality. There are no mechanical tests for
    deciding when a denial of a continuance is so arbitrary as to
    violate due process. The answer must be found in the
    circumstances present in every case, particularly in the reasons
    presented to the trial judge at the time the request was denied.
    [6]   Here, both Mother and counsel were present for the final hearing. She
    requested a continuance at the beginning of the hearing, asserting that she had
    not met with counsel until that morning and that counsel therefore had no time
    to prepare. In fact, she had not been in contact with counsel for eight months.
    She had already failed to appear for the initial termination hearing, and when
    the trial court asked her about her failure to appear or maintain contact with
    counsel, she simply stated that she had no telephone numbers or transportation.
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 5 of 17
    She admitted that she had received notice by publication several weeks before
    the final hearing, yet she made no effort to contact counsel or DCS or even
    telephone the court to find out how to reach them. On the morning of the final
    hearing, DCS, witnesses, and court personnel were present and prepared to
    proceed. In contrast, Mother reappeared after a lengthy hiatus and was
    unprepared to proceed. Her failure to maintain contact with counsel for such a
    protracted period leading up to the final hearing shows that she had little
    interest in assisting in the preparation and presentation of her case. Simply put,
    she has failed to demonstrate any prejudice stemming from the trial court’s
    ruling. Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court acted within its
    discretion in denying her last-minute request for continuance.
    Section 2 – The trial court did not clearly err in
    terminating the parent-child relationship between
    Mother and J.B.
    [7]   Mother challenges the sufficiency of evidence supporting the trial court’s
    judgment terminating her parental relationship with J.B. When reviewing a
    trial court’s findings of fact and conclusions thereon in a case involving the
    termination of parental rights, we first determine whether the evidence supports
    the findings and then whether the findings support the judgment. In re E.M., 
    4 N.E.3d 636
    , 642 (Ind. 2014). We will set aside the trial court’s judgment only if
    it is clearly erroneous. Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 
    839 N.E.2d 143
    , 147 (Ind. 2005). We neither reweigh evidence nor judge witness
    credibility. In re A.I., 
    825 N.E.2d 798
    , 805 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005), trans. denied.
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 6 of 17
    Rather, we consider only the evidence and inferences most favorable to the
    judgment. 
    Id. [8] In
    Bester, our supreme court stated,
    The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
    protects the traditional right of parents to establish a home and
    raise their children. A parent’s interest in the care, custody, and
    control of his or her children is perhaps the oldest of the
    fundamental liberty interests. Indeed the parent-child
    relationship is one of the most valued relationships in our culture.
    We recognize of course that parental interests are not absolute
    and must be subordinated to the child’s interests in determining
    the proper disposition of a petition to terminate parental rights.
    Thus, parental rights may be terminated when the parents are
    unable or unwilling to meet their parental 
    responsibilities. 839 N.E.2d at 147
    (citations, quotation marks, and alteration omitted).
    [9]   To obtain a termination of the parent-child relationship between Mother and
    J.B., DCS was required to establish in pertinent part:
    (A) that one (1) of the following is true:
    (i) The child has been removed from the parent for at least
    six (6) months under a dispositional decree.
    ….
    (B) that one (1) of the following is true:
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 7 of 17
    (i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
    that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
    placement outside the home of the parents will not be
    remedied.
    (ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
    of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
    being of the child.
    (iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
    adjudicated a child in need of services;
    (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and
    (D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of
    the child.
    Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2).
    [10]   In recognition of the seriousness with which we address parental termination
    cases, Indiana has adopted a clear and convincing evidence standard. Ind.
    Code § 31-37-14-2; Castro v. State Office of Family & Children, 
    842 N.E.2d 367
    ,
    377 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied. “Clear and convincing evidence need
    not reveal that the continued custody of the parents is wholly inadequate for the
    child’s survival. Rather, it is sufficient to show by clear and convincing
    evidence that the child’s emotional and physical development are threatened by
    the respondent parent’s custody.” In re K.T.K., 
    989 N.E.2d 1225
    , 1230 (Ind.
    2013) (citation omitted).
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 8 of 17
    [11]   Here, Mother generally asserts that DCS failed to prove each allegation in its
    petition for termination. However, she presents cogent argument only with
    respect to the following statutory elements: (1) that there is a reasonable
    probability that the conditions that led to J.B.’s removal will not be remedied;
    and (2) that there is a reasonable probability that continuation of the parent-
    child relationship poses a threat to J.B.’s well-being. 3 Because the statute
    plainly states that DCS need establish only one of the foregoing, we limit our
    discussion to the former.
    [12]   When assessing whether there is a reasonable probability that conditions that
    led to a child’s removal will not be remedied, we must consider not only the
    initial basis for the child’s removal but also the bases for continued placement
    outside the home. 
    A.I., 825 N.E.2d at 806
    . Moreover, “the trial court should
    judge a parent’s fitness to care for [her] children at the time of the termination
    hearing, taking into consideration evidence of changed conditions.” In re J.T.,
    
    742 N.E.2d 509
    , 512 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001), trans. denied. “Due to the permanent
    effect of termination, the trial court also must evaluate the parent’s habitual
    patterns of conduct to determine the probability of future neglect or deprivation
    of the child.” 
    Id. For example,
    the court may properly consider evidence of a
    parent’s substance abuse, criminal history, lack of employment or adequate
    3
    Mother has waived any challenge to the remaining statutory elements for failure to present a cogent
    argument with citation to authority pursuant to Indiana Appellate Rule 46(A)(8). See A.D.S. v. Indiana Dep’t
    of Child Servs., 
    987 N.E.2d 1150
    , 1156 n.4 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013) (noting that where parent fails to raise specific,
    cogent argument challenging trial court’s conclusions concerning certain elements of Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4,
    those challenges are waived on appeal), trans. denied.
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015               Page 9 of 17
    housing, history of neglect, and failure to provide support. McBride v. Monroe
    Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 
    798 N.E.2d 185
    , 199 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). In
    making its case, “DCS need not rule out all possibilities of change; rather, [it]
    need establish only that there is a reasonable probability that the parent’s
    behavior will not change.” In re Kay.L., 
    867 N.E.2d 236
    , 242 (Ind. Ct. App.
    2007).
    [13]   Here, the trial court issued extensive findings of fact. Mother has not
    specifically challenged any of those findings but instead makes general
    assertions referencing her reasons for failing to attend visitation, maintain
    contact with DCS, or complete the ordered services. As such, we are left to
    determine whether the unchallenged findings support the judgment. As they
    concern the reasonable probability of unremedied conditions, the unchallenged
    findings include the following: 4
    4. On or about September 16, 2013, the Child and Mother became
    involved with the DCS when the DCS investigated a report that Mother
    was using marijuana in front of the Child and had allowed a diaper rash
    to become so severe that the Child was bleeding;
    5. Instead of seeking medical attention for the Child herself, Mother left
    the Child with Great Uncle and was briefly unable to be reached after
    DCS became involved;
    ….
    7. At the time of the filing of [the CHINS] petition, Mother was
    4
    To the extent that the findings include proper names for Mother, J.B., and Great Uncle, we have removed
    those designations.
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015       Page 10 of 17
    seventeen (17) years old.
    ….
    22. At the November 26, 2014 initial hearing, Mother failed to appear
    without contacting the Court, her counsel, or DCS;
    23. Service by Publication was perfected on Mother January 25, 2014;
    24. Between the first Dispositional Order entered on November 6, 2013
    and the Fact-Finding Hearing on February 17, 2015, Mother has failed to
    comply with the case plan in the following ways:
    a. Once Mother turned eighteen (on May 30, 2014), she
    completely stopped complying with Individual Counseling as
    ordered;
    b. Mother was closed out of visitation four separate times;
    i. Since May 2, 2014, Mother has only visited the Child a
    total of five times;
    ii. Three of those visits were not on her own visitation
    referral, as Mother would come visit the Child during times
    scheduled for the Child to visit with his Maternal
    Grandfather, and
    iii. The last time Mother visited Child was December 9,
    2014, which was only her fifth visit in a period of seven
    months;
    c. Mother was closed out of home based services for non-
    compliance and is currently not participating;
    d. Mother did complete the substance abuse assessment, but she
    did not follow up with the recommendations for treatment that the
    assessment provided for;
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 11 of 17
    e. When she could be found, Mother did submit to random drug
    screens, but each drug screen administered by DCS throughout the
    underlying CHINS matter returned positive for illegal substances;
    f. Mother did not complete parenting classes as ordered;
    g. Mother did complete the psycho-parenting evaluation but did
    not comply with the recommendations stemming from that
    evaluation;
    h. Mother never provided the Court or DCS proof of a legal
    income as ordered;
    i. Mother did not keep in regular contact with DCS or notify DCS
    of a change in address or household composition;
    i. Once Mother turned eighteen on May 30, 2014, she left
    her Father’s home and did not inform DCS of each new
    address she lived in,
    ii. Testimony at the fact-finding hearing indicated at some
    point Mother began living with a boyfriend and his mother,
    and DCS was not informed of this address, and
    iii. FCM [Family Case Manager] Bridget Bramlett, who
    was assigned the case after FCM Allbee was promoted, only
    spoke with Mother one time, on September 3, 2014;
    1. Mother told FCM Bramlett that she “did not have
    time for this” and never spoke with DCS between
    that point and the Fact-Finding Hearing on February
    17, 2015;
    25. No documentation was given to DCS, the Court, or Mother’s
    counsel to show she had sought these ordered services out on her own;
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 12 of 17
    26. Michelle Allen, Mother’s therapist, testified that she treated Mother
    for Anger and Aggression Issues between September 2013 and May of
    2014;
    a. These anger and aggression issues affect Mother’s interaction
    with nearly everyone in her life, including her relationship with the
    Child;
    b. Michelle Allen testified that only towards the end of this period
    did Mother begin to commit to the therapy, which was necessary
    for true improvement,
    c. However, once Mother turned eighteen, she stopped visiting
    Michelle Allen and was closed out of the therapy services;
    d. Michelle Allen believes that without these issues being
    addressed, it would be harmful for Child to be cared for by his
    Mother,
    e. This was confirmed by Michelle Allen when she read a visit
    report detailing a visit between Mother and Child that stated
    Mother covered her ears and stated she could not handle Child
    crying;
    27. When asked, Mother could not articulate how she planned to
    provide Child with a stable life and home environment;
    a. Mother testified that she does not have a job, is currently
    pregnant, and living with a boyfriend who has a criminal record;
    28. Mother’s compliance with the case plan and dispositional orders can
    be summed up as such:
    a. Before Mother turned eighteen on May 30, 2014, she was
    intermittently visiting the child, intermittently participating in
    court ordered services, and consistently using illegal substances;
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 13 of 17
    b. After Mother turned eighteen on May 30, 2014, she
    disappeared for long stretches of time, visited with the Child only
    five times, did not make any contact with service providers other
    than visitation workers, and only spoke with DCS one time;
    i. In fact, DCS had to publish Mother’s summons to the
    fact finding hearing.
    ii. Mother testified she saw the summons in the local
    newspaper about 1 month before the February 17 2015 Fact
    Finding date, and
    iii. At no point after becoming aware of the hearing did
    Mother contact DCS, her attorney, or the Court;
    29. The Child has been in relative placement with a paternal aunt and
    uncle since September 13, 2013 [age eight months];
    30. The Child’s relative placement has since provided support, care,
    guidance, and supervision in the absence of the same from the Mother
    for approximately seventeen (17) months;
    ….
    38. Each of the above paragraphs is expressly adopted as the Court’s
    own finding of fact. Each paragraph, independently and cumulatively,
    demonstrates this Court’s finding that there is a reasonable probability
    that the conditions that resulted in the Child’s removal from the home of
    the biological Mother will not be remedied, or that continuation of the
    parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the Child[.]
    Appellant’s App. at 73-83.
    [14]   Here, Mother’s participation in services was intermittent at best. Even when
    she completed certain services such as the parenting assessment and psycho-
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 14 of 17
    parenting and substance abuse evaluations, she did not comply with the
    recommendations for treatment and follow-up services. She was closed out of
    home-based therapy for noncompliance. Her therapist indicated that she had
    anger and aggression issues that affect her relationships with everyone in her
    life and that, left untreated, could prove harmful to J.B. Once Mother turned
    eighteen and left her father’s home, she basically went incommunicado and
    failed to maintain contact with DCS or participate in services. Sadly, the only
    pattern with which she maintained consistency was her drug use, having tested
    positive for illegal substances each time she could be located and screened. She
    failed to complete parenting classes and was closed out of visitation four times.
    She had visited J.B. only five times in the nine months preceding the final
    hearing and had ceased all visitation as of two months preceding that hearing.
    She also failed to provide proof of legal income and stable housing. As a
    whole, the unchallenged findings show Mother’s pattern of failing to earnestly
    commit to spending time with J.B. See Lang v. Starke Cnty. Office of Family &
    Children, 
    861 N.E.2d 366
    , 372 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (failure to exercise right to
    visit one’s children demonstrates lack of commitment to complete actions
    necessary to preserve parent-child relationship), trans. denied.
    [15]   J.B. was removed from Mother based on Mother’s drug use and ensuing neglect
    of his health and medical needs. Although Mother initially took some positive
    steps by submitting to the required evaluations and assessments, she did not
    maintain her progress due to her inability to refrain from unhealthy conduct in
    her own life. In other words, she could not build a consistent, positive
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 15 of 17
    relationship with J.B. because she could not establish consistent, positive
    patterns in her own life. Instead, she continued to use illegal drugs and, at the
    time of the final hearing, was pregnant again and living with a boyfriend who
    uses marijuana and has a criminal record. This simply does not bode well for
    her prospects of remedying the conditions that led to J.B.’s removal. “[A] trial
    court need not wait until a child is irreversibly influenced by a deficient lifestyle
    such that his or her physical, mental, and social growth is permanently
    impaired before terminating the parent-child relationship.” 
    Castro, 842 N.E.2d at 372
    .
    [16]   Finally, Mother claims that the trial court’s concluding remarks are inconsistent
    with its ultimate decision to terminate her parental rights:
    THE COURT: … I understand and I sympathize and I’m sorry
    you’ve had a very tough childhood and you’re still very young
    and hopefully, you know, things are going to turn around for you. It
    looks like maybe you’ve got a chance here if you take advantage of it.
    But having said that, I also need to look at what’s best for this
    child that is born now. And even looking at that, maybe what’s
    best for your unborn child at this point. So I am going to take all
    of that into consideration when I make my decision.
    Tr. at 49-50 (emphasis added). Read in context, we believe the trial court’s
    second chance reference pertained to Mother’s unborn child and, as such, do
    not find it inconsistent with the trial court’s ultimate decision to terminate her
    parent-child relationship with J.B. Even so, we note that our standard of review
    requires that we determine whether the unchallenged findings of fact support the
    trial court’s conclusions thereon. As discussed, we conclude that they do. Like
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 16 of 17
    the trial court, we are sensitive to Mother’s young age and tumultuous
    upbringing, having been designated a CHINS herself. Yet, we are also mindful
    that she made the majority of her progress toward reunification with J.B. before
    she turned eighteen and left her father’s home. Based on the foregoing, we
    conclude that the trial court did not clearly err in determining that there is a
    reasonable probability that the conditions that led to J.B.’s removal will not be
    remedied. Accordingly, we affirm its termination order.
    [17]   Affirmed.
    May, J., and Bradford, J., concur.
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1503-JT-200 | October 16, 2015   Page 17 of 17