Chad Giroux v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.) ( 2018 )

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
FILED
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as Feb 26 2018, 7:16 am
precedent or cited before any court except for the
CLERK
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy P. Broden Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Lafayette, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
J.T. Whitehead
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Chad Giroux, February 26, 2018
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
79A04-1709-CR-2206
v. Appeal from the Tippecanoe
Superior Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable Randy J. Williams,
Judge
Appellee-Plaintiff.
Trial Court Cause No.
79D01-1606-F1-9
Bradford, Judge.
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Case Summary
[1] B.G., the daughter of Appellant-Defendant Chad Giroux and Mackenzie
Schultz, was neglected and improperly fed over the first few months of her life,
finally dying of asphyxiation in November of 2015, when she was not even
eight months old. Giroux went to some lengths to conceal his culpability,
including lying to the Tippecanoe grand jury and refusing to turn over evidence
to it. Giroux pled guilty to Level 1 felony neglect of a dependent resulting in
death, Class A misdemeanor failure to report a dead body, Level 6 felony
perjury, and Level 6 felony obstruction of justice, and the trial court sentenced
him to an aggregate sentence of thirty-five years of incarceration, with one year
suspended to probation. Giroux contends that the trial court abused its
discretion in sentencing him and that his sentence is inappropriately harsh.
Because we disagree, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] B.G. was born on March 17, 2015, the second daughter of Giroux and Schultz.
Giroux and Shultz had responsibility for the care of B.G. From March to
November of 2015, B.G. was neglected, not properly fed, and emaciated,
weighing eleven pounds at almost eight months old. Giroux and Schultz had
B.G. sleeping in a closet, and Giroux was aware that Schultz placed blankets
over B.G., doing nothing to stop her. Giroux acknowledged that the
combination of neglect and placing blankets on B.G. caused her death of
asphyxiation on or about November 15, 2015. Although Giroux and Schultz
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became aware that B.G. had died, they did not report her death to authorities
within three hours of discovery. Giroux and Shultz waited at least a day before
informing authorities of B.G.’s death. After learning of B.G.’s death but before
reporting it, Giroux removed and hid several hard drives from computers in his
residence, indicating later (when the drives were requested by the grand jury)
that they did not exist.
[3] On May 31, 2016, Giroux testified before the grand jury and intentionally
offered false testimony regarding when he and Schultz became aware of B.G.’s
death. On June 16, 2016, the grand jury indicted Giroux with Level 1 felony
neglect of a dependent resulting in death, Level 3 felony neglect of a dependent
resulting in serious bodily injury, Level 5 felony neglect of a dependent resulting
in bodily injury, Level 6 felony neglect of a dependent, Class A misdemeanor
false informing, Class A misdemeanor failure to report a dead body, Level 6
felony perjury, and Level 6 felony obstruction of justice. On January 6, 2017,
Giroux pled guilty to Level 1 felony neglect of a dependent resulting in death,
Class A misdemeanor failure to report a dead body, Level 6 felony perjury, and
Level 6 felony obstruction of justice.
[4] On March 9, 2017, the trial court sentenced Giroux to a term of thirty-two
years of incarceration for Level 1 felony neglect of a dependent, one year for
failure to report a dead body, and two years each for perjury and obstruction of
justice. The trial court ordered that the sentences for perjury and obstruction of
justice be served concurrently but that the sentences otherwise be served
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consecutively for a thirty-five-year aggregate sentence, with one year suspended
to probation.
Discussion and Decision
I. Whether the Trial Court Abused its
Discretion in Sentencing Giroux
[5] Under our current sentencing scheme, “the trial court must enter a statement
including reasonably detailed reasons or circumstances for imposing a
particular sentence.” Anglemyer v. State, 868 N.E.2d 482, 490 (Ind. 2007),
modified on other grounds on reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218 (Ind. 2008). We review the
sentence for an abuse of discretion. Id. An abuse of discretion occurs if “the
decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances.”
Id. A trial court abuses its discretion if it (1) fails “to enter a sentencing
statement at all[,]” (2) enters “a sentencing statement that explains reasons for
imposing a sentence–including a finding of aggravating and mitigating factors if
any–but the record does not support the reasons,” (3) enters a sentencing
statement that “omits reasons that are clearly supported by the record and
advanced for consideration,” or (4) considers reasons that “are improper as a
matter of law.” Id. at 490–91. If the trial court has abused its discretion, we
will remand for resentencing “if we cannot say with confidence that the trial
court would have imposed the same sentence had it properly considered
reasons that enjoy support in the record.” Id. at 491. However, the relative
weight or value assignable to reasons properly found, or to those which should
have been found, is not subject to review for abuse of discretion. Id.
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[6] The trial court issued a sentencing order, which provides, in part, as follows:
The Court finds as mitigating factors the defendant
pleaded guilty and accepted responsibility, the defendant has
family support and an employment history.
The Court finds as aggravating factors the defendant does
have a criminal history, the victim was under the age of twelve
(12) and the defendant has a history of substance abuse.
The Court further finds that the aggravating factors
outweigh the mitigating factors.
Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 16.
[7] Giroux challenges the trial court’s finding that the victim’s age being under
twelve was an aggravating circumstance, arguing that it is improper because the
victim being under the age fourteen is an element of neglect of a dependent
causing death. See Ind. Code § 35-46-1-4(a)(1), -4(a)(2), -4(a)(3), -4(b)(3)
(providing that neglect of a dependent is a “Level 1 felony if it is committed …
by a person at least eighteen (18) years of age and results in the death of a
dependent who is less than fourteen (14) years of age”). Quite simply, B.G.
was far younger than twelve (or fourteen) when she died, not even having
reached her first birthday. As the trial court observed at sentencing, “the victim
is eight months old. Defenseless.” Tr. Vol. II p. 56. Under the circumstances
of this case, we cannot say that trial court abused its discretion in finding B.G.’s
tender age to be aggravating. See, e.g., McElroy v. State, 865 N.E.2d 584, 589–90
(Ind. 2007) (observing that while “[i]t is true that a material element of a crime
may not be used as an aggravating factor to support an enhanced sentence[,]
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when evaluating the nature of the offense, ‘the trial court may properly consider
the particularized circumstances of the factual elements as aggravating factors’”
and that “this aggravator is ‘thought to be associated with particularly heinous
facts or situations’”).
[8] Giroux also seems to suggest that the trial court did not give his guilty plea
enough weight. We treat the consideration of remorse or acceptance of
responsibility as a credibility determination best left to the sentencing court. See
Pickens v. State, 767 N.E.2d 530, 534–35 (Ind. 2002). Here, the trial court
acknowledged Giroux’s guilty plea but also noted Giroux’s “lack of affect”
during the sentencing hearing and that Giroux did not exhibit the “pain and
anguish I would think a father would show at the loss of a child.” Tr. Vol. II p.
55. The record indicates that the trial court considered Giroux’s plea, the
acceptance of responsibility, and alleged remorse before finding his guilty plea
and acceptance of responsibility to be mitigating. As mentioned, however, we
will not review the amount of weight given to this mitigating circumstance.
Giroux has failed to establish that the trial court abused its discretion in
sentencing him.
II. Appropriateness of Sentence
[9] We “may revise a sentence authorized by statute if, after due consideration of
the trial court’s decision, the Court finds that the sentence is inappropriate in
light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.” Ind.
Appellate Rule 7(B). “Although appellate review of sentences must give due
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consideration to the trial court’s sentence because of the special expertise of the
trial bench in making sentencing decisions, Appellate Rule 7(B) is an
authorization to revise sentences when certain broad conditions are satisfied.”
Shouse v. State, 849 N.E.2d 650, 660 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied (citations
and quotation marks omitted). “[W]hether we regard a sentence as appropriate
at the end of the day turns on our sense of the culpability of the defendant, the
severity of the crime, the damage done to others, and myriad other factors that
come to light in a given case.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1224 (Ind.
2008). In addition to the “due consideration” we are required to give to the
trial court’s sentencing decision, “we understand and recognize the unique
perspective a trial court brings to its sentencing decisions.” Rutherford v. State,
866 N.E.2d 867, 873 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
[10] The nature of Giroux’s crimes is egregious. As a result of Giroux’s neglect, his
daughter B.G. did not even reach her first birthday, dying of asphyxia while
already malnourished, emaciated, and dramatically underweight. Photographic
exhibit evidence showed the lack of fatty tissue and the “wizened” look of B.G.,
and she grew only five pounds in seven months, indicating that the neglect was
long-standing. Tr. Vol. II p. 52. Giroux and Schultz caused B.G. to sleep in a
closet and covered her with blankets, which was the final act of neglect and the
cause of her death.
[11] Beyond lying to and concealing evidence from the grand jury, Giroux went to
some additional lengths to conceal his crimes. To this end, Giroux and Schultz
devised and attempted a rather disturbing plan to convince others that they did
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not know that B.G. was actually dead until a full day after they actually
discovered her. After B.G. died, Giroux and Schultz agreed to drive around
with her dead body strapped into a car seat, the window open to imply that she
was still alive. The trial court noted that this was done after rigor mortis had
begun taking hold. The trial court also noted that the crimes included the
removal and hiding of computer hard drives, there were in fact bottles of
formula in the house, the house had been cleaned, and evidence showed that
some bags of items had been disposed of. The crimes had other victims,
including Giroux’s older daughter—a “collateral” victim—along with other
family members. Tr. Vol. II p. 53. The appalling nature of Giroux’s offenses
warrants the imposition of enhanced sentences.
[12] Much of what we wrote concerning the nature of Giroux’s offenses is relevant
to making out his character, and, to say the least, it does not speak well of him.
At any time during B.G.’s short life, Giroux could have ceased the neglect,
chose not to, and then went to great lengths to conceal his crimes. The record
indicates a person who seems to be more worried about his punishment than
upset about the death of his daughter. Giroux told a psychological evaluator
that he and Schultz did not immediately take B.G. to the hospital because they
ware “‘terrified they would get in trouble.’” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 52.
The trial court noted Giroux’s strange “affect” at sentencing and that he did not
act like a father who had lost a daughter. Finally, Giroux’s criminal history,
while not particularly serious, certainly is not a positive: two convictions for
Class A misdemeanor driving while suspended and one for Class A
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misdemeanor possession of paraphernalia. Giroux’s criminal record, while not
the worst we have encountered, weighs against his character. In light of the
egregious nature of Giroux’s offenses and his character, he has failed to
convince us that his thirty-five-year sentence is inappropriately harsh.
[13] We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Robb, J., and Crone, J., concur.
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