Christopher Rondeau v. Dushan Zatecky (mem. dec.) ( 2018 )


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  •       MEMORANDUM DECISION
    FILED
    Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                    Jun 26 2018, 8:54 am
    this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                         CLERK
    regarded as precedent or cited before any                                 Indiana Supreme Court
    Court of Appeals
    court except for the purpose of establishing                                   and Tax Court
    the defense of res judicata, collateral
    estoppel, or the law of the case.
    APPELLANT PRO SE                                         ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
    Christopher Rondeau                                      Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
    Pendleton, Indiana                                       Attorney General of Indiana
    Abigail R. Recker
    Deputy Attorney General
    Indianapolis, Indiana
    IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
    Christopher Rondeau,                                     June 26, 2018
    Appellant-Petitioner,                                    Court of Appeals Case No.
    48A02-1709-MI-2348
    v.                                               Appeal from the
    Madison Circuit Court
    Dushan Zatecky,                                          The Honorable
    Appellee-Respondent.                                     Mark Dudley, Judge
    Trial Court Cause No.
    48C06-1707-MI-615
    Kirsch, Judge.
    [1]   Christopher Rondeau (“Rondeau”) was tried, convicted of murder, and
    sentenced by the Marion Superior Court. Following the denials of his direct
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    appeal and his petition for post-conviction relief, Rondeau filed Petition for a
    Writ of Habeas Corpus (“Writ”) in the Madison Circuit Court, contending that
    he was being wrongfully detained in the Pendleton Correctional Facility.
    Respondent Dushan Zatecky (“Zatecky”), the Superintendent of the Pendleton
    Correctional Facility, filed a motion asserting that Rondeau’s Writ should be
    considered a petition for post-conviction relief and requesting that it be
    transferred to the sentencing court. The Madison Circuit Court granted
    Zatecky’s request, and Rondeau’s Writ was transferred to Marion Superior
    Court. Rondeau now appeals and raises three issues that we consolidate and
    restate as: whether the Madison Circuit Court erred when it transferred
    Rondeau’s Writ to the county where he was convicted and sentenced, pursuant
    to Indiana Post-Conviction Rule 1(1)(c).
    [2]   We affirm.
    Facts and Procedural History
    [3]   Rondeau was convicted of murder and sentenced in June 2010 to fifty-five years
    in the Indiana Department of Correction. Rondeau filed a direct appeal, and
    this court affirmed his conviction by memorandum decision. Rondeau v. State,
    No. 49A02-1006-CR-694, 
    2011 WL 977075
    (Ind. Ct. App. Mar. 21, 2011),
    trans. denied. The Rondeau decision reveals that, in April 2009, Rondeau, then
    thirty-nine years old, lived with his grandmother (“Grandmother”), age
    seventy-seven, and her brother-in-law, Adolf Stegbauer (“Adolf”), age sixty-
    nine. On April 9, a sword fight erupted between Rondeau and Adolf.
    Grandmother intervened and was stabbed, and “Adolf was stabbed at least ten
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 48A02-1709-MI-2348 | June 26, 2018   Page 2 of 8
    times, suffering injuries to his hand, arm, abdomen, head, heel, foot, and
    shoulder.” 
    Id. at *1.
    Rondeau called 911, and all three were transported to the
    hospital. Grandmother suffered a massive hemorrhage and died shortly after
    arriving at the hospital. Rondeau spoke to police at the hospital, describing the
    sword fight involving him, Grandmother, and Adolf. Adolf died four days
    later, and “The cause of death was sharp force injury to the abdomen that
    caused bacteria in his stomach to be released into his peritoneal and abdominal
    cavities and led to septic shock.” 
    Id. at *2.
    The State charged Rondeau with
    Adolf’s murder and Class C felony reckless homicide relating to Grandmother’s
    death. The jury found Rondeau guilty of Adolf’s murder and not guilty of
    reckless homicide in the death of Grandmother, and the sentencing court
    imposed a sentence of fifty-five years. 
    Id. [4] Rondeau’s
    direct appeal alleged errors with regard to trial court discovery
    rulings, the admission of evidence at trial, and the sufficiency of evidence to
    support his murder conviction. In finding that the evidence was sufficient and
    that there was no error in the jury rejecting his self-defense claim, the Rondeau
    court referred to specific physical evidence about Adolf, including that he was
    sixty-nine years old, he weighed 169 pounds, comparing it to Rondeau who
    weighed 250, and Adolf had a BAC of .252 due to the fact that he had been
    drinking all day. The court also stated that the evidence showed that Adolf
    suffered “at least ten” stab wounds. 
    Id. at *9.
    The Rondeau court affirmed his
    conviction. Rondeau filed a petition for post-conviction relief, and, following a
    hearing, the post-conviction court denied his petition. Thereafter, this court
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    affirmed the post-conviction court’s denial of his petition. Rondeau v. State, 
    48 N.E.3d 907
    (Ind. Ct. App. 2016), trans. denied.1
    [5]   On July 20, 2017, Rondeau filed a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (“Writ”)
    in the Madison Circuit Court. In his Writ, Rondeau claimed that “the
    pretended cause” of his restraint is murder and that the restraint “is illegal”
    because the Marion Superior Court did not have subject matter jurisdiction of
    his case because, he claims, Adolf “died in 2008 in Germany.”2 Appellant’s App.
    Vol. II at 7. He asserts:
    Indiana courts do not have subject matter jurisdiction over
    German citizens that died in Germany in 2008, and therefore,
    there is no statutory or common law authority for the court to
    hear the case concerning [the murder charge]. There was no
    crime committed in Indiana in 2009, like the [State] alleges, as
    the Petitioner cannot kill someone in 2009, that was already
    dead, according to his own government since 2008.
    ....
    The [State] has not shown proof that “Adolf Stegbauer” was
    alive after 2008, or that he was in the United States at the time of
    1
    After the Indiana Supreme Court denied transfer, Rondeau filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the
    United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana, raising nine issues, including ineffective
    assistance of trial and appellate counsel, insufficient evidence, denial of his right to a speedy trial, jury
    instruction error, and violation of his rights when a computer was seized during a search. Rondeau v. Zatecky,
    No. 1:16-cv-762-WTL-DKL, 
    2016 WL 4088720
    (S.D. Ind. Aug. 2, 2016). The District Court denied his
    petition for writ of habeas corpus, finding that “[e]ach of Rondeau’s habeas claims . . . is barred from
    consideration here because of Rondeau’s unexcused procedural default consisting of his failure to fully and
    fairly present them [to] the Indiana Supreme Court.” 
    Id. at *3.
          2
    Rondeau does not include any documentary evidence in support of his assertion that his great-uncle Adolf
    Stegbauer died in Germany in 2008, nor does he indicate when or how he learned of the alleged death.
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    the alleged murder in 2009, or that a person named “Adolf
    Stegbauer” ever even existed at the time of the alleged crime.
    The [State] has never met it’s burden of proof giving Indiana
    courts subject matter jurisdiction to hear a case concerning
    anyone named “Adolf Stegbauer.”
    
    Id. at 8.
    Rondeau contends in his Writ that the conviction was “void” from its
    inception, “a complete nullity and without legal effect,” and that, therefore, he
    is entitled to immediate release. 
    Id. at 11.
    [6]   On August 18, 2018, Zatecky filed a motion to transfer Rondeau’s Writ to the
    Marion Superior Court, which was the court that convicted and sentenced him.
    
    Id. at 28-31.
    Zatecky’s motion maintained that the Madison Circuit Court did
    not have jurisdiction over Rondeau’s Writ because Rondeau was challenging
    the validity of his conviction, which pursuant to Indiana Post-Conviction Rule
    1(1)(c), must be transferred to the convicting court, here, Marion County
    Superior Court Criminal Division 1. On September 1, 2017, the Madison
    Circuit Court issued its order granting Zatecky’s motion to transfer, ordering
    that:
    this action be TRANSFERRED to the Marion County Superior
    Court Criminal Division 1, cause number 49G01-0904-MR-
    038670, because the petitioner is seeking to attack the validity of
    his conviction, which he cannot do in this court. Miller v.
    Lowrance, 
    629 N.E.2d 846
    (Ind. 1994).
    
    Id. at 43.
    Rondeau now appeals.
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    Discussion and Decision
    [7]   Indiana Code section 34-25.5-1-1 provides that “[e]very person whose liberty is
    restrained, under any pretense whatever, may prosecute a writ of habeas corpus
    to inquire into the cause of the restraint, and shall be delivered from the
    restraint if the restraint is illegal.” The purpose of the writ of habeas corpus is
    to bring the person in custody before the court for inquiry into the cause of
    restraint. Manley v. Butts, 
    71 N.E.3d 1153
    , 1156 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017), trans.
    denied. We review the trial court’s habeas decision for an abuse of discretion.
    Hardley v. State, 
    893 N.E.2d 740
    , 742 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008).
    [8]   A petitioner is entitled to habeas corpus relief “only if he is entitled to his
    immediate release from unlawful custody.” Martin v. State, 
    901 N.E.2d 645
    ,
    647 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). However, a petitioner “‘may not file a writ of habeas
    corpus to attack his conviction or sentence.’” Love v. State, 
    22 N.E.3d 663
    , 664
    (Ind. Ct. App. 2014) (quoting Partlow v. Superintendent, Miami Corr. Facility, 
    756 N.E.2d 978
    , 980 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001), superseded by statute on other grounds as
    stated in Paul v. State, 
    888 N.E.2d 818
    , 826 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008), trans. denied),
    trans. denied. Rather, he or she “must file a petition for post-conviction relief in
    the court of conviction (rather than a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the
    court in the county of incarceration).” 
    Hardley, 893 N.E.2d at 743
    (citing Ind.
    Post-Conviction Rule 1).
    [9]   Indiana Post-Conviction Rule 1 section 1(c) provides:
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    [I]f a person applies for a writ of habeas corpus in the county
    where the person is incarcerated and challenges the validity of his
    conviction or sentence, that court shall transfer the cause to the
    court in which the conviction took place, and the latter court
    shall treat it as a petition for relief under this Rule.
    Rondeau claims on appeal that Post-Conviction Rule 1(1)(c) does not apply,
    and thus the Madison Circuit Court should not have transferred his Writ,
    because he “only challenged the trial court[’]s subject matter jurisdiction or
    authority to hear the case[,]” and he was not actually attacking “the validity of
    his conviction or sentence.” Appellant’s Br. at 14. We disagree.
    [10]   The basis of Rondeau’s Writ is that Adolf died in 2008 in Germany, and
    consequently, the Marion Superior Court did not have subject matter
    jurisdiction over his case, in which he was charged with the murder of Adolf.
    See 
    id. (asking, “How
    can one ‘murder’ a dead person?”). Rondeau contends
    that, because there was no subject matter jurisdiction, the ensuing murder
    conviction and judgment were void. Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 7.
    [11]   In Miller v. Lowrance, 
    629 N.E.2d 846
    (Ind. 1994), Lowrance was convicted in
    1989 in the Vanderburgh Circuit Court of two counts of attempted murder. In
    1991, this court affirmed his convictions. In 1993, he filed a petition for writ of
    habeas corpus in the Madison Circuit Court, where he was incarcerated at the
    correctional facility, alleging that he was being held on a void judgment because
    the person who signed the abstract of judgment was never appointed a special
    judge, and thus lacked the authority to enter a judgment. 
    Id. at 847.
    The
    Madison Circuit Court granted the petition. The superintendent of the
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    correctional facility appealed, arguing that the Madison Circuit Court lacked
    jurisdiction to rule on the petition and that Post-Conviction Rule 1(1)(C)
    required that the Madison Circuit Court transfer the petition to the
    Vanderburgh Circuit Court. 
    Id. Our Supreme
    Court found that Lowrance’s
    petition for writ of habeas corpus, which, like Rondeau, alleged that the
    judgment was void, “attacks the validity of his conviction and sentence” and
    “falls within the parameters of P-C R. 1(1)(C).” 
    Id. Therefore, the
    Court
    reversed the Madison Circuit Court’s decision to grant the petition and
    instructed that the cause be transferred to Vanderburgh Circuit Court.
    [12]   Likewise, here, Rondeau’s Writ challenged the validity of his conviction and
    sentence, and the Madison Circuit Court properly transferred it to the Marion
    Superior Court, where Rondeau was convicted and sentenced.3
    [13]   Affirmed.
    Baker, J., and Bradford, J., concur.
    3
    While we do not reach the merits of Rondeau’s claim that the judgment was void – because Adolf
    purportedly was already deceased, and Rondeau could not have murdered him – we note that it does not
    appear from the record before us, nor does he allege, that he filed a motion to dismiss the murder charge on
    the basis that Adolf was not the person he stabbed in a sword fight on April 9, 2009. Accordingly, Rondeau
    may have waived any argument that Adolf was not the person he stabbed, which is the premise of his claim
    that the trial court did not have subject matter jurisdiction over his case.
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