Cornelius T. Compton v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.) ( 2019 )

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
FILED
court except for the purpose of establishing Dec 11 2019, 9:57 am
the defense of res judicata, collateral CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
estoppel, or the law of the case. Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
John Andrew Goodridge Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Evansville, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Benjamin J. Shoptaw
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Cornelius T. Compton, December 11, 2019
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
19A-CR-1584
v. Appeal from the Vanderburgh
Superior Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable Robert J. Pigman,
Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
82D03-1804-F3-2374
Najam, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1584 | December 11, 2019 Page 1 of 9
Statement of the Case
[1] Cornelius T. Compton appeals his conviction for aggravated battery, as a Level
3 felony, following a jury trial. Compton presents one issue for our review,
namely, whether the State presented sufficient evidence to support his
conviction.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] At approximately 1:00 p.m. on April 2, 2018, Officer Joseph Dickinson with
the Evansville Police Department (“EPD”) responded to a dispatch for a
“person down.” Tr. Vol. II at 33. As Officer Dickinson approached the
location, he observed Compton with a group of black males “walking away
from the area.” Id. at 36. Officer Dickinson rolled his car window down,
informed the group that he had received a report that “someone had been
beaten,” and asked if anyone had seen anything. Id. at 37. One member of the
group informed the officer that there “was nothing going on here.” Id. Officer
Dickinson circled the area but did not locate anyone on the ground. He
ultimately pulled his car into a parking lot at the designated address and saw
seventeen-year-old K.W. “slumped forward” in a chair. Id. Officer Dickinson
attempted to speak with K.W., but K.W. did not respond. Officer Dickinson
was unable to find a pulse on K.W., so he called for paramedics.
[4] After the paramedics had arrived, someone called Barbara Wilson, K.W.’s
mother, and informed her that the paramedics were working on K.W. At that
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point, the paramedics transported K.W. to the hospital, and Wilson followed.
When Wilson arrived at the hospital, the doctors informed her that K.W. had
died. The doctors then let Wilson see K.W., and she noticed that “there was a
big shoe print on his face” that she had not seen on K.W. earlier that day. Id. at
30.
[5] At around 2:30 that afternoon, Compton went to the home of Tina Kennedy,
who is the mother of K.W.’s best friend. Compton told Kennedy that K.W.
and her son “had robbed him” over the weekend. Id. at 55. Compton then told
Kennedy that he “wanted his items back” and “that he had put [K.W.] in the
hospital.” Id.
[6] After officers learned that K.W. had died, EPD Detective Karin Montgomery
went to the hospital to see K.W.’s corpse because she had been told that “he
had an odd mark on his face.” Id. at 62. Detective Montgomery observed that
K.W. had “a bunch of little dots” in a “consisten[t] pattern” on the side of his
nose, which she thought was “pretty distinctive.” Id. at 62, 63. Detective
Montgomery then spoke with Wilson. While Detective Montgomery was with
Wilson, Wilson received a call from Kennedy. Kennedy told Wilson that she
“knew who did it.” Id. at 57. Detective Montgomery then asked to speak with
Kennedy, and Kennedy told Detective Montgomery that Compton had “done
this” to K.W. Id. at 57.
[7] Based on the information she had received from Kennedy, Detective
Montgomery interviewed Compton. Compton told Detective Montgomery that
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“he didn’t have anything to do with” the incident involving K.W. Id. at 65. At
the end of the interview, Detective Montgomery took possession of Compton’s
shoes because they “had that similar dotted pattern to them” that she had seen
on K.W.’s face. Id. at 65. Detective Montgomery then arrested Compton.
[8] The next day, Detective Montgomery conducted a second interview of
Compton. During that interview, Compton’s story “changed.” Id. at 66.
Compton “admitted that he had been involved in this and it stemmed from the
burglary at his home.” Id. Specifically, Compton admitted that he “did fight
that boy,” and that he “hit him in his jaw.” Ex. 27. However, Compton stated
that, at that point, other individuals who knew that K.W. had burglarized
Compton’s home got involved and began hitting K.W.
[9] Detective Montgomery then sent Compton’s shoes to the Indiana State Police
Laboratory where Marcus Montooth, a footwear impression analyst, compared
images of the marks on K.W.’s face to the soles of the shoes. Montooth
observed that the patterns on the soles of Compton’s shoes were of a “similar
size, [had] similar spacing, and . . . [a] similar shape” as the marks on K.W.’s
face. Tr. Vol. II at 114. Montooth further observed that, when he compared
the impression from the shoes to the impression on K.W.’s face, the spacing
was “even” across the top row, but was “a little bit off” on the next row, which
“could potentially be explained” by the compression of the flesh on K.W.’s
cheek. Id. at 115. Montooth concluded that Compton’s shoes “could have
made that impression.” Id. at 111. However, he was unable to definitively
conclude that Compton’s shoes had caused the marks on K.W.’s face.
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[10] The State charged Compton with one count of aggravated battery, as a Level 3
felony, and alleged that Compton was a habitual offender. In addition, the
State alleged that Compton had committed the offense while a member of a
criminal organization. The trial court held a bifurcated jury trial on March 11
and March 12, 2019.
[11] During the first phase of the trial, the State presented as evidence the testimony
of Doctor Christopher Kiefer, the forensic pathologist who had performed an
autopsy on K.W. Dr. Kiefer testified that K.W. had received “too many”
injuries “to count,” which were all “classified as blunt force trauma.” Id. at
120, 121. Dr. Kiefer further testified that K.W.’s injuries were “consistent”
with someone who had been involved in “an altercation between two
individuals.” Id. at 120. Dr. Kiefer testified that, “based on K.W.’s injuries,” it
appeared that he “was beaten.” Id. at 125. In addition, Dr. Kiefer testified that
“repeated blows to the head” or “a blow to the chest” can cause death. Id. at
124, 125. And he testified that, while it is “unclear which injuries . . . might
have led to death,” he did not find any other injuries on K.W. Id. at 120.
Rather, Dr. Kiefer testified that K.W. was otherwise “a healthy seventeen-year-
old black male.” 1 Id. at 123.
[12] At the conclusion of the first phase of the trial, the jury found Compton guilty
of aggravated battery, as a Level 3 felony. Prior to the start of the second phase,
1
Dr. Kiefer testified that K.W. had an enlarged heart but that his enlarged heart did not appear to be the
cause of death.
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Compton admitted to being a habitual offender, and the State dismissed the
criminal organization enhancement. The trial court entered judgment of
conviction accordingly and sentenced Compton to an aggregate sentence of
thirty years in the Department of Correction. This appeal ensued.
Discussion and Decision
[13] Compton contends that the State failed to present sufficient evidence to support
his conviction for aggravated battery, as a Level 3 felony. Our standard of
review on a claim of insufficient evidence is well settled:
For a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we look only at the
probative evidence and reasonable inferences supporting the
verdict. Drane v. State, 867 N.E.2d 144, 146 (Ind. 2007). We do
not assess the credibility of witnesses or reweigh the evidence.
Id. We will affirm the conviction unless no reasonable fact-finder
could find the elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable
doubt. Id.
Love v. State, 73 N.E.3d 693, 696 (Ind. 2017).
[14] To prove that Compton committed aggravated battery, as a Level 3 felony, the
State was required to show that Compton knowingly or intentionally inflicted
injury on K.W. that caused protracted loss or impairment of the function of a
bodily member or organ. Ind. Code § 35-42-2-1.5(2) (2019). On appeal,
Compton concedes that the State “established that [he] struck [K.W.] one (1)
time, and the strike was a punch,” and that the State “established that [K.W.]
suffered an injury satisfying the injury element of aggravated battery,” namely,
death. Appellant’s Br. at 28. However, he maintains that the State “wholly
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failed . . . to establish that the debilitating injury suffered by [K.W.] was the
result of Compton’s single punch.” Id. at 28-29.
[15] We first address Compton’s assertion that his attack on K.W. consisted of a
single punch and that the State failed to establish that Compton had struck
K.W. in the face with his foot. The evidence most favorable to the verdict
shows that, when Detective Montgomery observed K.W. in the hospital, she
noticed that he had “an odd mark on his face” that consisted of “a bunch of
little dots” in a “consisten[t] pattern.” Tr. Vol. II at 62, 63. Then, after she had
interviewed Compton, she took his shoes from him because they “had that
similar dotted pattern to them.” Id. at 65. Thereafter, Montooth compared an
impression from Compton’s shoes to the marks on K.W.’s face and discovered
that the shoes had a “similar size, similar spacing, and . . . similar shape”
pattern as the marks on K.W.’s cheek. Id. at 114. He further observed that,
when he compared the impression from the shoes to the impression on K.W.’s
face, the spacing was “even” across the top row of dots. Id. at 115. And even
though Montooth could not conclusively determine that Compton’s shoes had
made the mark on K.W.’s face, he concluded that the shoes “could have made
that impression.” Id. at 111.
[16] Further, Kennedy testified that Compton had told her “that he had put [K.W.]
in the hospital” because K.W. had robbed him. Id. at 55. And, when officers
interviewed Compton for the second time, he “admitted that he had been
involved in this and it stemmed from the burglary at his home,” and he
admitted that he had punched K.W. in the jaw. Id. at 66. Based on Compton’s
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statements to Kennedy and Detective Montgomery, which were admissions
against interest, and the fact that the sole of his shoe matched the pattern on
K.W.’s face, a reasonable jury could conclude that Compton had also struck
K.W. in the face with his foot.
[17] Still, Compton contends that, even if the jury believed that he both punched
K.W. and struck him with his foot, those acts were not “causally connected to
the injury” that led to K.W.’s death. Appellant’s Br. at 32. In essence,
Compton maintains that, because there were other individuals involved in the
altercation, the State did not prove that any of Compton’s overt acts caused
K.W.’s fatal injuries. We cannot agree.
[18] The accomplice liability statute provides that a person who “knowingly or
intentionally aids, induces, or causes another person to commit an offense
commits that offense.” I.C. § 35-42-2-4. Further, a “person who aids another
in committing a crime is just as guilty as the actual perpetrator. Anthony v. State,
56 N.E.3d 705, 714 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016), trans. denied. Indeed, an accomplice is
“‘criminally responsible for everything which follows incidentally in the
execution of the common design, as one of its natural and probable
consequences, even though it was not intended as part of the original design or
common plan.’” Id. (quoting Griffin v. State, 16 N.E.3d 997, 1002 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2014)).
[19] Here, the jury was instructed on accomplice liability. And the evidence
demonstrates that Compton and other individuals attacked K.W. because K.W.
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had burglarized Compton’s home. As a result, K.W. received several blunt
force injuries “consistent” with someone who had been involved in an
“altercation between two individuals.” Id. at 120. Indeed, Dr. Kiefer testified
that, “based on [K.W.’s] injuries,” it appeared that he “was beaten.” Id. at 125.
Further, Dr. Kiefer testified that “repeated blows to the head” or a “blow to the
chest” can cause death. Id. at 124, 125. And, while Dr. Kiefer could not
determine “which injuries . . . might have led to death,” he did not observe any
other injuries on K.W. Rather, he testified that K.W. was otherwise a “healthy
seventeen-year-old black male.” Id. at 120, 123.
[20] In other words, the evidence shows that K.W. was healthy when Compton and
the others beat him, and then K.W. died. Indeed, Compton admitted to having
punched K.W., and the evidence demonstrates that he also kicked K.W. in the
face. Accordingly, even if Compton did not deliver the hit that actually caused
K.W.’s death, Compton participated in the attack on K.W. and was responsible
as an accomplice for the consequences. It makes no difference which of the
perpetrators delivered the fatal blow leading to K.W.’s death. Thus, we hold
that the State presented sufficient evidence to support Compton’s conviction for
aggravated battery, as a Level 3 felony, and we affirm his conviction.
[21] Affirmed.
Vaidik, C.J., and Tavitas, J., concur.
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