B.A.T. v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.) ( 2016 )

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
Feb 09 2016, 7:59 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
John T. Wilson Gregory F. Zoeller
Anderson, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Paula J. Beller
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
B.A.T., February 9, 2016
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
33A04-1506-JV-684
v. Appeal from the Henry Circuit
Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable Mary G. Willis,
Appellee-Plaintiff Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
33C01-1406-JD-37
Altice, Judge.
Case Summary
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[1] B.A.T. appeals from the juvenile court’s decision to modify his placement to the
Department of Correction (DOC). B.A.T. argues that his commitment to the
DOC was not the least restrictive and most appropriate placement.
[2] We affirm.
Facts & Procedural History
[3] On June 26, 2014, B.A.T., who was fourteen years old, went into a rage at his
grandmother’s house. B.A.T. “turned his room upside down,” yelled and
cursed at his grandmother, grabbed a knife from the pantry, and stated that he
would kill himself and everyone else in the house. Transcript at 7. B.A.T. then
threw the knife down and ran out. His grandmother, who was his guardian,
called the police. When they arrived, she told them that she feared B.A.T. and
that she was unwilling to take custody of him. Over the previous month,
B.A.T. also had had multiple encounters with police related to alcohol use,
threatening others, and damaging property. B.A.T. was eventually
apprehended and placed at the Delaware County Juvenile Detention Center.
[4] On July 10, 2014, the State filed a delinquency petition. The State made the
following allegations: Count I, intimidation, a Class C felony if committed by
an adult; Counts II and V, habitual disobedience of a parent; and Counts III
and IV, illegal consumption, Class C misdemeanors if committed by an adult.
The following day, the State filed an amended delinquency petition, adding
Count VI, theft, a Class D felony if committed by an adult; and Count VII,
possession of alcohol by a minor, a Class C misdemeanor if committed by an
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adult. At an initial hearing on July 11, 2014, B.A.T. entered an admission to
Count VI, which was based on his actions in assisting another person in stealing
a bottle of tequila from a store. In exchange for his admission, the State
dismissed all remaining allegations. The court ordered B.A.T. to undergo a full
diagnostic evaluation at the Logansport Juvenile Correctional Facility after
which he would be returned to emergency shelter care at the Youth
Opportunity Center (YOC) pending the dispositional hearing.
[5] A dispositional hearing was held on August 28, 2014. The probation
department recommended that, based on the results of his diagnostic
evaluation, B.A.T. be placed at the YOC. The Court Appointed Special
Advocate made this same recommendation regarding placement in her report.
B.A.T. contested these recommendations for placement and argued that the
recommended services were available on an outpatient basis. In response,
B.A.T.’s probation officer testified as follows:
My concern is that grandmother doesn’t feel safe with him there
and she has asked and wants [B.A.T.] to receive inpatient
treatment. She does not feel that outpatient treatment is going to
be intensive enough for him. I know that [B.A.T.] tends to
minimize a lot of what’s been going on here – that he was joking
and things like that. I don’t think [B.A.T.] understands the
intensity of what he has done here that this is not just a joke. He
needs the intensive treatment. I believe that what the DOC
recommendation recommends, he won’t get that kind of
intensive treatment on an outpatient basis.
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Id. at 28. The juvenile court noted that this was not B.A.T.’s first contact with
the juvenile court system and that it had previously addressed custodial issues
and family matters with B.A.T. The juvenile court found that it was in B.A.T.’s
best interest to be placed at the YOC.
[6] At a review hearing on November 20, 2014, it appeared that B.A.T. was
making progress. He was receiving community passes twice a week and was
being granted a home pass for the Thanksgiving holiday. At the next review
hearing on January 15, 2015, the court was informed that B.A.T.’s recent
overnight visit with his grandmother on or about December 20, 2014, was
problematic. During that visit, B.A.T. intimidated his grandmother into letting
him drive her car even though he does not have a driver’s license or a permit.
B.A.T.’s grandmother also reported that he made an unauthorized purchase
using her credit card. While at his grandmother’s home, B.A.T. became
extremely intoxicated and failed a drug test for benzodiazepines, opiates, and
marijuana. As a result of his behavior, B.A.T.’s home passes were suspended.
The trial court ordered that B.A.T. remain in placement at the YOC.
[7] At the April 16, 2015 review hearing, additional problems with B.A.T.’s
behavior were noted. B.A.T. had been involved in an incident with another
YOC resident and was placed in seclusion due to his “aggressive behavior.”
Appellant’s Appendix at 36. On March 5, 2015, B.A.T. admitted that he had
ingested another resident’s Adderall. Later in March, B.A.T. had been given a
two-hour, off-ground pass with his grandmother. Grandmother reported that
B.A.T. made demands of her, asked for cigarettes, and told her “he was grown
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up and he will do whatever he wants to do.” Id. at 37. As a result, B.A.T.’s
passes were again suspended. The juvenile court noted that B.A.T.’s eight-
month placement at the YOC was one of the juvenile court’s longest
placements and that B.A.T. was not progressing. The court warned B.A.T., “if
you can’t make it at the YOC then you are going to go to the [DOC].”
Transcript at 65. The juvenile court gave B.A.T. forty-five days at the YOC to
demonstrate he could be trusted with trial home visits. A review hearing was
set for June 11, 2015.
[8] On May 15, 2015, the probation department filed a verified petition for
emergency change of residence and modification of the dispositional decree. A
hearing on the petition was held on May 18, 2015. During the hearing, the
court was informed that B.A.T.’s behavior had deteriorated and he was in
complete noncompliance. Examples of his behavior were presented to the
court. Specifically, on May 4, 2015, B.A.T. yelled at YOC staff who were
conducting a routine search and then he balled up his fists and advanced on
staff in an aggressive manner. Around this same timeframe, B.A.T. was
involved in several other incidents during which he refused to do as he was
instructed, claimed gang affiliation, and intimidated and verbally threatened
staff and other residents.
[9] On May 12, 2015, B.A.T. refused to attend school and ran around telling YOC
staff that he would not do “anything major” but that he would not “follow the
rules.” Id. at 73. He further explained to the staff that “he had to do something
really big before anything would happen to him.” Id. It was alleged in the
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petition that “safety ha[d] become a big issue and YOC was struggling to keep
control as he continues to incite other residents to participate in gang related
activity.” Appellant’s Appendix at 46. The YOC did not want B.A.T. returned to
the facility. The juvenile court found that B.A.T. had violated the terms and
conditions of his placement, noted the emergency nature of the removal, and
then ordered B.A.T. placed in the secure section of the Delaware County
Juvenile Detention Center.
[10] The juvenile court held a modification hearing on May 21, 2015. B.A.T.
admitted to violating the terms and conditions of his placement. B.A.T.’s
therapist at the YOC testified that B.A.T. had “tried to fool the system, just do
what [he] need[s] to do and get out of here without making any changes and
going right back to the same old behavior.” Transcript at 86. She also testified
that she had done all she could for B.A.T., but he did not take sessions seriously
as “[t]his is all a joke to him.” Id. B.A.T.’s cottage manager testified that the
YOC was not an appropriate place for B.A.T. and he also stated his belief that
B.A.T. was not taking his placement seriously. B.A.T.’s behavior was
disruptive and a danger to the other residents at the YOC.
[11] In its disposition, the court was sympathetic to the issues facing B.A.T., but
noted his escalating noncompliance and delinquent behaviors during his
placement at the YOC. The court rejected B.A.T.’s proposal for a ninety-day
secure placement in the juvenile detention center because such placement
would not provide B.A.T. with educational programming, services, or the
ability to rehabilitate that was available through the DOC. The juvenile court
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therefore entered a modified dispositional order making B.A.T. a ward of the
DOC. B.A.T. now appeals.
Discussion & Decision
[12] B.A.T. argues that the trial court abused its discretion in ordering his placement
in the DOC when there was a less restrictive disposition available. Specifically,
B.A.T. contends that the court should have accepted his proposal that he serve
ninety days of secure detention “where he could have continued to receive
treatment as opposed to punishment.” Appellant’s Brief at 6.
[13] Dispositional decrees where a juvenile is adjudicated a delinquent are intended
to promote rehabilitation. R.J.G. v. State, 902 N.E.2d 804, 806 (Ind. 2009).
This is in keeping with the legislative policy that juveniles are to be “treated as
persons in need of care, protection, treatment, and rehabilitation.” Id. The goal
in the juvenile justice system is to rehabilitate juveniles so that they do not
become adult criminals. R.H. v. State, 937 N.E.2d 386, 388 (Ind. Ct. App.
2010). Thus, the juvenile court is provided with a myriad of dispositional
alternatives to permit the court to find the disposition that best fits the unique
and varying circumstances of each child’s problems. Id. Because of the need to
tailor dispositions for each individual child, the juvenile court is accorded great
latitude and flexibility in its choice of specific dispositions for a juvenile
adjudicated delinquent. M.T. v. State, 928 N.E.2d 266, 268 (Ind. Ct. App.
2010), trans. denied.
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[14] To this end, the choice of the specific disposition of a juvenile adjudicated a
delinquent child is a matter within the sound discretion of the juvenile court
and will be reversed only if there has been an abuse of that discretion. J.S. v.
State, 881 N.E.2d 26, 28 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008). The juvenile court’s discretion is
subject to the statutory considerations of the welfare of the child, the safety of
the community, and the policy of favoring the least harsh disposition. Id.; see
also I.C. § 31-37-18-6. An abuse of discretion occurs when the juvenile court’s
action is clearly erroneous and against the logic and effect of the facts and
circumstances before the court or the reasonable, probable, and actual
inferences that can be drawn therefrom. J.S., 881 N.E.2d at 28.
[15] In arguing that a less restrictive placement was appropriate, B.A.T. notes the
few instances where service providers and even the court recognized that he had
made some progress toward his rehabilitation goals. B.A.T. ignores the vast
majority of the record wherein his destructive behaviors all but tied the court’s
hands with regard to his placement. B.A.T. has been placed in the YOC for
nine months and has refused to participate in multiple opportunities to engage
in rehabilitation. B.A.T. continued to threaten and intimidate staff and other
residents, was often aggressive toward others, made gang signs, and refused to
follow instructions of staff because he believed he did not have to follow the
rules. He even flaunted his disobedience to staff saying he would continue to be
disruptive and misbehave and there was nothing they could do to stop him.
[16] Each time B.A.T. was given some freedom for progress he had seemingly
made, he quickly resorted back to his destructive behaviors. According to
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B.A.T.’s therapist, he was manipulating the system and did not take his
placement seriously. B.A.T.’s grandmother does not feel safe around B.A.T.
and would not take custody of him. B.A.T. was placed in the YOC with
intensive therapy. Because of B.A.T.’s disruptive behavior, the YOC will not
accept him back into the facility. B.A.T.’s claim that he now has the ability to
live with his grandmother after he completes a ninety-day secure placement,
that he will comply with probation, and that he will attend therapy is not
supported by the record. The juvenile court afforded B.A.T. numerous
opportunities and even warned him that continued noncompliance would result
in his placement in the DOC. Based on the record before us, we cannot say the
juvenile court abused its discretion when it placed B.A.T. in the DOC. Given
his history, his aggressive and destructive behaviors, and his complete disregard
for authority, the juvenile court was left with no other alternative.
[17] Judgment affirmed.
[18] Robb, J., and Barnes, J., concur.
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