Harold D. Wallick v. Eric B. Inman, M.D. , 130 N.E.3d 643 ( 2019 )

FILED
Aug 07 2019, 8:09 am
CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael J. Woody Michael E. O’Neill
Indianapolis, Indiana Michelle P. Burchett
Schererville, Indiana
Karl L. Mulvaney
Nana Quay-Smith
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Harold D. Wallick, August 7, 2019
Appellant-Plaintiff, Court of Appeals Case No.
18A-CT-2519
v. Appeal from the
Marion Superior Court
Eric B. Inman, M.D., The Honorable
Appellee-Defendant. Patrick J. Dietrick, Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
49D12-1601-CT-847
Altice, Judge.
[1] Harold Wallick brought a medical malpractice action against his
anesthesiologist, Eric B. Inman, M.D., and a jury rendered a verdict in favor of
Inman. On appeal, Wallick challenges the jury selection process, arguing that
the trial court should not have denied six of his for-cause challenges to
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prospective jurors. He raises two issues that we consolidate and restate as:
Was the trial court’s decision to deny one or more of the for-cause challenges
illogical and arbitrary?
[2] We affirm.
Facts & Procedural History
[3] In April 2013, Wallick filed a Proposed Complaint with the Indiana
Department of Insurance alleging that Inman negligently administered general
anesthesia during a cardiac ablation procedure and that, as a result, Wallick
suffered a stroke and vision loss. A Medical Review Panel reviewed the
submissions and decided that Inman met the standard of care in treating
Wallick. Thereafter, in January 2016, Wallick filed a medical malpractice
complaint in state court, and the case proceeded to a nine-day jury trial before
the Honorable Patrick Dietrick in September 2018.
[4] After the court’s opening remarks and party introductions, the potential jurors
took an oath, as required by Ind. Jury Rule 13, to honestly answer each
question asked by the court or counsel during jury selection. The trial court
collectively asked the potential jurors a series of questions. For instance, the
court asked whether any of them was related to or had relationships with any of
the parties, attorneys, or witnesses, had heard about the case or the claims of
the parties, had “any bias for or prejudice against any of the parties to this
case,” or had any preconceived opinions concerning the parties, the case, or its
outcome. Transcript at 11-12. No one responded in the affirmative. The trial
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court also advised the juror pool that each chosen juror would be required to
take an oath to “decide this case fairly and impartially without bias or prejudice
on the evidence received during the trial and in accordance with the instructions
of the court” and asked if any person felt that he or she could not abide by such
an oath. Id. at 15. None of the potential jurors at issue in this appeal responded
to the court.
[5] Pursuant to J.R. 14(a), requiring the trial court to introduce the case, Judge
Dietrick informed the jury panel about the nature of the case and issues to be
decided, stating:
In this case, Plaintiff Harold Wallick has sued Defendant Eric B.
Inman, M.D. Mr. Wallick claims that Dr. Iman committed
malpractice by failing to use the degree of care and skill that a
reasonably careful, skillful, and prudent anesthesiologist would
use under the same or similar circumstances. Mr. Wallick
further claims that Dr. Inman’s conduct was more likely than not
a responsible cause of Mr. Wallick’s permanent brain injury,
profound decrease in field of vision, compromised ability to get
around due to vision loss, and other harms and losses of the
nature requiring reasonable compensation. Mr. Wallick has the
burden to prove his claims by a greater weight of the evidence.
Defendant Eric B. Iman, M.D. denies the Plaintiff’s allegations
of malpractice. Dr. Inman has no burden to disprove the Plaintiff’s
claims. In this case, specifically, Dr. Inman contends that he
acted in accordance with the applicable standard of care in
providing anesthesia to Mr. Wallick on June 28, 2011. Dr.
Inman further contends that no action or omission on his part
was the responsible cause of any of the injuries o[r] damages
claimed by the Plaintiff. Dr. Inman further disputes the extent
and severity of the injuries and damages as claimed by the
Plaintiff. That, ladies and gentlemen, are the issues in this cause.
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The jury in this case will consist of six jurors and two alternates.
At this time, the attorneys will be allowed to ask questions of
those persons seated in the jury box as potential jurors. After
both attorneys have had an opportunity to question the
prospective jurors, they are permitted to strike or otherwise
excuse persons from the jury.
Transcript at 22-23 (emphases added).
[6] Wallick’s counsel began questioning of the first panel, which consisted of the
following fourteen potential jurors: Alcorn, Wynne, Dick, Walters, Harris,
Mannon, Curtis, Ridner, McCalep, Knox, Bright, Wright, Biddle, and Thrash.
Among other things, Wallick’s counsel asked whether anyone had feelings
about medical malpractice cases and whether suing a doctor for money “leaves
a bad taste[.]” Id. at 26-27. He also asked the fourteen seated prospective jurors
if any of them were leaning toward the doctor’s side before evidence was
presented. Wallick’s counsel reminded the prospective jurors that this was not
a criminal case, where the burden of proof was beyond a reasonable doubt, and
explained that this was a civil case, where the burden of proof is “more likely
true than untrue; the greater weight of the evidence.” Id. at 58. He discussed
the burden of proof as follows:
[L]et me ask you about the burden of proof, in the criminal case
and the judge told you this isn’t a criminal case. In a criminal
case, the case has to be proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
Basically, you have to be sure as a juror that the person
committed the offense or you should find them not guilty. In a
civil case like this, the burden of proof is more likely true than
untrue; the greater weight of the evidence, which is 51-49. So I
competed in powerlifting so I use analogies of the greater weight
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of the evidence, so if you’ve got 1,000 pounds of evidence, then if
501 pounds is in the patient’s favor then the patient is going to
win, or 100 pounds 51 to 49. Let’s say, you know, some folks
think that’s okay if you’re talking about minor injuries, a little
money, but if the damages are several million dollars or a very
significant injury, a lot of folks think it’s too easy for a patient to
come in and only have to prove the case just by the greater
weight of the evidence. Who feels like the patient – the greater
weight of the evidence is a little unfair from the doctor’s side?
The patient should have to prove it by more than 51-49? . . .
What would you want to see me prove in this case in order to satisfy you
to find in favor of the patient? Should it be 90-10 or 80-20 or where
would you start? Or do you think the criminal standard would
be better, that it would be appropriate for malpractice cases?
Id. at 58-59 (emphasis added).
[7] Wallick’s counsel then began to ask the jurors individually about the burden of
proof. Juror Wright liked the criminal standard of beyond a reasonable doubt.
Id. at 59. Juror Walters did not think 51-49 “is very fair” and felt the case
needed to be “very strong.” Id. She would want the winner to be just under
beyond a reasonable doubt or around 90%. Juror McCalep also felt that the
evidence needed to be strong and agreed with Wallick’s counsel when he asked
if she would require plaintiff to prove his case by 90-95% instead of “51 to 49.”
Id. at 61. Juror Biddle felt that the greater weight needed to be more than 51%
and that the percentage should be 75%. Juror Bright felt 60% was reasonable.
Juror Curtis felt the “51-49” characterization was arbitrary and that he could
not award damages for a case that is more likely true than untrue. Id. at 66.
Wallick’s counsel asked Juror Alcorn if he would want the plaintiff to prove his
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case by more than “the greater weight of the evidence,” and Alcorn said that he
would want the plaintiff to prove his case by “90-95,” as the greater weight of
the evidence would not be enough proof to satisfy him. Id. at 71. Juror Wynne
did not feel that “51-49” would be enough for her to find in favor of Wallick
and felt she would need “[p]robably 75 or over.” Id. at 72. Juror Ridner said
he would want “80-90% at least.” Id. Juror Dick said he would need plaintiff
to prove his case “100%.” Id. at 73. Throughout this line of questioning to the
various potential jurors, Wallick’s counsel would sometimes ask if it was the
juror’s “final answer.” Id. at 61, 66-67, 71, 72, 74.
[8] Dr. Inman’s counsel asked for and received a sidebar conference, during which
he stated his intent to ask for a mistrial, arguing:
What I’ve seen happen over the course over one, two, three, four,
five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, out of the fourteen people, this is
pure and simple jury nullification. This whole percentage, there
is no law. You’re going to instruct them.
Id. at 74. After stating that it had been “waiting for the objection[,]” the trial
court stated that it would be asking questions and following up with each of the
potential jurors. Id. The court then engaged in the following exchange with
Wallick’s counsel:
COURT: [Y]ou make a challenge for cause right now, I’m not
granting it. I’m going to ask those questions. You don’t instruct
these jurors. I do.
COUNSEL: Oh I understand that.
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COURT: . . . You’ve planted it in their minds something that
you think is going to be an instruction and it’s not going to be an
instruction. I will instruct them on the burden of proof and if
they tell me under oath that they can follow my instructions, they
are not being kicked. Do you understand that?
COUNSEL: Yes.
Id. at 76.
[9] After Wallick’s counsel completed his questioning, the trial court asked
questions as follow-up to Wallick’s voir dire, including the following:
[T]he court has a few questions. The first one is to all of you.
Can you listen attentively to the evidence; can you apply the law
in obedience to the instructions given to the facts which you find
may exist and can you reach a verdict which is fair and impartial
as to each part of this controversy? Does everyone understand
that? Does everyone understand that question? You’re going to
get instructions from the court, okay? So [Wallick’s counsel] was
asking you questions regarding burden of proof and your personal feelings
on burden of proof and there were percentages thrown out. Does everyone
remember that line of questioning? The court’s question is this: I’m
going to instruct you as to what the burden of proof is. So it is the judge
instructing you on the law. Can you all follow my instructions? Will
you put aside your personal beliefs as to burden of proof and follow the
law as I instruct? Can everyone do that? Can anyone not do that?
Id. at 82-83. After engaging in dialogue with Juror McCalep, the court again
asked the seated prospective jurors if they could “put aside personal beliefs to
certain issues with respect to burden of proof and standard of care and follow
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the instructions I give you[,]” affirmatively asking “is there anyone that can’t do
that?” Id. at 83. The response was silence.
[10] Based on the answers each had given regarding burden of proof, and what they
felt they would need to find in order to find in plaintiff’s favor, Wallick’s
counsel challenged for cause the following nine of the initial fourteen
prospective jurors: Alcorn, Wynne, Dick, Curtis, Ridner, McCalep, Wright,
Biddle, Walters. In a sidebar, the trial court engaged in the following exchange
with Wallick’s counsel:
COURT: Without having had instruction from the court, you
asked them their belief.
COUNSEL: Right.
COURT: They stated their beliefs.
COUNSEL: They told me I would have to prove the case, some
of them said beyond a reasonable doubt and some of them said
100%. I mean the burden of – I can’t try the whole case and give
them all the instructions but the burden of proof in this case is the
greater weight of the evidence so it’s just 51 to 49. That’s not an
arbitrary number. That’s the instructions the court is going to
give.
COURT: And we’re going to see if these panelists can under
oath state to the court that they will follow the instructions that I
give them. Once again-
COUNSEL: I’m not disputing that they can say that they can
follow the instructions of the court, but I think the court needs to
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explain to them, you know, you were asked if you could decide
this case based on the greater weight of the evidence which is-
COURT: Which has not been defined or put into instructions
yet.
***
COURT: So if I ask them if- will they follow the instructions
that I give them when I give them the instructions, not questions
from counsel during voir dire and they say “Yes,” that’s the
answer I’m going for.
COUNSEL: Your Honor, I defined burden of proof-
***
COURT: It’s not your place to define anything to them during
voir dire, especially not an instruction of the court. The rule of
law that the court is going to give on the burden of proof in this
case, it’s not your burden to prove The Indiana Supreme Court
or jury instructions say –
***
COUNSEL: Your Honor, I am [sic] instructed them
appropriately on what the burden of proof is.
COURT: You don’t instruct them. I do.
Id. at 88-90. The court then individually asked each one of the nine challenged
jurors whether they would be able to put aside their personal beliefs and follow
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the instructions as given by the trial court, including but not limited to those
with respect to the burden of proof. Six answered in the affirmative – Alcorn,
Walters, Curtis, Ridner, Wright, and Biddle – and the trial court denied
Wallick’s for-cause challenges to those prospective jurors. Based on answers
given by Jurors Wynne, Dick, and McCalep, the trial court granted Wallick’s
request and struck those three for cause, replacing them with Jurors Newton,
Liput, and Hunter.
[11] The trial court gave Wallick’s counsel time to question the new prospective
jurors, and thereafter, he made for-cause challenges of Jurors Newton and
Hunter because Juror Newton stated that she would feel more comfortable with
a beyond-a-reasonable-doubt burden and “would need to know that there was a
lot of proof[,]” and Juror Hunter said he would need a higher burden of proof
than the greater weight of the evidence. Id. at 106, 111-12. The trial court
conducted follow-up questions, asking each if he or she, upon being instructed
by the court on the applicable burden of proof, could put aside a personal
opinion or feeling regarding burden of proof and follow the court’s instruction
as to the applicable burden of proof. Juror Hunter said he would follow the
court’s instructions, and Wallick’s for-cause challenge of Hunter was denied.
Juror Newton did not agree that she could follow the court’s instructions, and
the trial court granted Wallick’s challenge and struck Newton. With regard to
the denied challenges, Wallick’s counsel argued to the court in a sidebar that
“how can they know if they can follow the court’s instruction [when] they don’t
know what that burden of proof instruction is[,]” to which the trial court
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responded, “They never know until they’re instructed and you’ve given what I
think is probably an impermissible burden of proof by interjecting percentages
and yard lines[.]” Id. at 119-20.
[12] The court replaced Juror Newton with Gregory and allowed Wallick’s counsel
to question Gregory, who said he was not fond of attorneys or doctors, suspects
lawsuits in general are frivolous, and did not want to be there. Wallick made a
for-cause challenge to Juror Gregory, which the trial court denied. 1
[13] Inman’s counsel began his voir dire examination, reminding the potential
jurors:
Judge Dietrick is going to read you the legal instructions and tell
you what the law is. You’re going to take an oath to follow that
law. That’s kind of a lot of the debate we’ve had today about
what is the burden of proof and what does that mean. Judge
Dietrick will tell you that. The facts, you are the judges of the
facts.
Id. at 126. Among other things, Inman’s counsel asked the potential jurors
whether they thought it was fair to hear all the evidence, i.e., all sides of the
story, before making a decision and whether they had or knew someone with
high blood pressure or who had suffered a stroke. He also individually asked
the prospective jurors – Ridner, Hunter, Knox, Bright, Wright, Biddle, Thrash,
1
In a sidebar with counsel, the trial court observed, and we agree, that if “not wanting to be here” constituted
for cause, “then we would never seat a jury.” Transcript at 124.
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Curtis, Mannon, Harris, Walters, Liput, Gregory, and Alcorn – whether each
could leave sympathy outside the jury room and base the case on the law that
the judge would give them and the evidence and witness testimony. All replied
in the affirmative, except for Juror Gregory, who said he did not know if he
could. Counsel for Inman made no for-cause challenges.
[14] Counsel for Wallick renewed his challenge to Juror Gregory for cause, arguing
that Gregory expressly stated that he did not think he could pay attention to all
the evidence because he was in an environment that he did not want to be in.
The trial court asked Juror Gregory if he suffered from any physical or mental
disability that would prevent him from rendering satisfactory jury service, and
he replied that he did not. The trial court denied Wallick’s for-cause challenge
as to Juror Gregory.
[15] Thereafter, the parties each made three peremptory strikes. Wallick struck:
Gregory, Wright, and Ridner; Inman struck: Bright, Curtis, and Knox. The
jury was comprised of: Alcorn, Liput, Walters, Harris, Mannon, and Hunter.
Biddle and Thrash were accepted as alternates by Inman, but Wallick renewed
a motion to strike Biddle for cause, which the court denied. Wallick now
appeals.
Discussion & Decision
[16] Wallick made twelve for-cause challenges, of which the trial court granted four
and denied eight. Six of those eight denials are at issue in this appeal. The
right to a fair trial before an impartial jury is a cornerstone of our criminal
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justice system. Whiting v. State, 969 N.E.2d 24, 28 (Ind. 2012). A
constitutionally impartial juror is one who is able and willing to lay aside his or
her prior knowledge and opinions, follow the law as instructed by the trial
judge, and render a verdict based solely on the evidence presented in court. Id.
“Removing prospective jurors – whether peremptorily or for cause – who
cannot perform these tasks is the mechanism parties and trial courts use to
achieve an impartial jury.” Oswalt v. State, 19 N.E.3d 241, 245-46 (Ind. 2014).
[17] The trial court has broad discretionary power in regulating the form and
substance of voir dire examination. Hadley v. State, 496 N.E.2d 67, 72 (Ind.
1986). Ind. Trial Rule 47(D) governs the examination of jurors and provides:
The court shall permit the parties or their attorneys to conduct
the examination of prospective jurors, and may conduct
examination itself. The court’s examination may include
questions, if any, submitted in writing by any party or attorney.
If the court conducts the examination, it shall permit the parties
or their attorneys to supplement the examination by further
inquiry. The court may impose an advance time limitation upon
such examination by the parties or their attorneys. At the
expiration of said limitation, the court shall liberally grant
additional reasonable time upon a showing of good cause related
to the nature of the case, the quantity of prospective jurors
examined and juror vacancies remaining, and the manner and
content of the inquiries and responses given by the prospective
jurors. The court may prohibit the parties and their attorneys
from examination which is repetitive, argumentative, or
otherwise improper but shall permit reasonable inquiry of the
panel and individual prospective jurors.
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[18] Peremptory challenges give parties the nearly unqualified right to remove any
prospective juror they wish, restricted only by the parties’ finite allotment of
challenges and the constitutional ban on racial, gender, and religious
discrimination. Oswalt, 19 N.E.3d at 246. A peremptory challenge is often
exercised on “hunches and impressions” and parties generally are not required
to explain their reasons for exercising a peremptory challenge. Id. For-cause
challenges, by contrast, are available to exclude any prospective juror whose
“views would ‘prevent or substantially impair the performance of his duties as a
juror in accordance with his instructions and his oath.’” Id. (quoting
Wainwright v. Witt, 469 U.S. 412, 423 (1985)); see also Gibson v. State, 43 N.E.3d
231, 239 (Ind. 2015). There are no limits on the number of for-cause
challenges, but each must be supported by specified reasons that demonstrate
that, as a matter of law, the venire member is not qualified to serve. Oswalt, 19
N.E.3d at 246.
[19] Indiana Jury Rule 17 identifies a number of circumstances in which the trial
court in a civil or criminal case “shall sustain” a challenge for cause, including
if the prospective juror:
(3) will be unable to comprehend the evidence and the
instructions of the court due to any reason including defective
sight or hearing, or inadequate English language communication
skills;
(4) has formed or expressed an opinion about the outcome of the
case, and is unable to set that opinion aside and render an
impartial verdict based upon the law and the evidence;
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***
(8) is biased or prejudiced for or against a party to the case[.]
[20] We afford substantial deference to trial judges regarding the decision to grant or
deny a challenge for cause, as the trial court has the unique opportunity to
observe and assess the demeanor of prospective jurors as they answer the
questions posed by counsel. Oswalt, 19 N.E.3d at 245; Gibson, 43 N.E.3d at
239. We will reverse the trial court’s decision on a for-cause challenge “only
when it is ‘illogical or arbitrary.’” Oswalt, 19 N.E.3d at 245 (quoting Whiting,
969 N.E.2d at 29); see also Merritt v. Evansville-Vanderburgh School Corp., 765
N.E.2d 1232, 1235 (Ind. 2002).
[21] Here, Wallick asserts that the trial court erred when it denied his for-cause
challenges to the following six individuals: Alcorn, Gregory, Walters, Ridner,
Hunter, and Wright. 2 He explains that five of those six “would require Wallick
to prove his case by more evidence than the law required[,]” and two of the five
“indicated they were leaning in favor of Inman before hearing any evidence.”
Appellant’s Brief at 5. The remaining for-cause challenge, as to Juror Gregory,
was based on Gregory’s voir dire responses – stating that he was not fond of
attorneys or doctors, hates court, and did not think he could listen to all the
evidence – which Wallick claims reflects a “stated inability to discharge his
2
For clarification, we note that Gregory, Ridner, and Wright were stricken through Wallick’s peremptory
challenges and did not serve on the jury.
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duties as a civil juror.” Id. Wallick claims that the trial court’s denial of his
requests to strike those six prospective jurors for cause was illogical and
arbitrary and denied him a fair trial.
[22] We first address the five potential jurors who Wallick claims took the position
that they would require him to prove his case by more than the law requires,
that is, more than the greater weight of the evidence. As an initial matter, we
observe that the questions that Wallick’s counsel posed regarding burden of
proof were asked in terms of what the person would require/prefer/be
comfortable with/want to see in order to find for plaintiff, sometimes using
quantified percentages such as whether the person would be satisfied with a 51-
to-49 scenario. Because the individuals gave answers indicating that, to find in
Wallick’s favor, they would prefer or want to see a higher amount of proof,
some saying something akin to beyond a reasonable doubt, Wallick’s counsel
asked the court to strike the five for cause. The trial court reminded Wallick’s
counsel that the individuals had not yet been instructed on the burden of proof
or what constitutes a “greater weight of the evidence” and that what counsel
was doing “by interjecting percentages and yard lines” during jury selection was
not permissible. Id. at 119-20. The trial court thereafter individually asked each
of those five (as well as others) whether he or she could set aside personal
feelings or beliefs and follow the instructions and law that the court would give,
including with regard to burden of proof. Each of the five jurors at issue here
responded in the affirmative.
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[23] Wallick recognizes on appeal that a trial court has broad discretion to
rehabilitate jurors and deny for-cause challenges, but asserts that the trial court’s
attempted “rehabilitation” of the jurors in this case was ineffective and only
resulted in the individuals giving meaningless, empty promises. Appellant’s Brief
at 5. Specifically, Wallick claims that the trial court’s inquiry – asking the
person if he or she could set aside personal biases, beliefs, and prejudices and
follow instructions as given – simply posed a “magic question” that, if answered
with a yes, “made the . . . veniremen’s biases and prejudices disappear into thin
air like they never even existed” and rendered an “otherwise incompetent”
prospective juror able to serve. Id. at 5, 7. He claims that “[t]he court’s
decisions to deny Wallick’s cause challenges . . . based solely on the biased
jurors’ affirmative responses to the court’s ‘magic question’ were arbitrary and
illogical” because “the magic question” fails to remove individuals who cannot
perform the task of impartial deliberations and, instead, merely keeps people on
the jury who have admitted they are partial and biased. Id. at 15-16.
[24] In support, Wallick refers us to various out-of-state cases which either did not
allow juror rehabilitation “through these types of ‘magical’ questions” or took a
critical view of it. Id. at 22. Wallick urges that “Indiana should establish a rule
that (1) bars trial courts from engaging in juror rehabilitation by using the
“magic questions” and (2) requires trial courts’ rehabilitation to focus on
eliciting reliable testimony for determining the competence of a juror.” Id. at
23-24. Assuming without deciding that other jurisdictions do not allow, or take
a critical view of, such manner of rehabilitation, as Wallick claims, we find that
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Indiana does not preclude it, and we decline his invitation to impose such a
limitation on a trial court’s substantial deference in jury selection matters.
[25] Here, the trial court individually asked each of the five jurors at issue if he or
she could set aside personal beliefs or opinions and follow the court’s
instructions that would be given, including with regard to the burden of proof.
Each answered affirmatively. The trial court observed these jurors, and “we
will not second guess its determination that they were sincere” in indicating
they would follow the court’s instructions. See Gibson, 43 N.E.3d at 240
(affirming trial court’s denial of for-cause challenges to two jurors, one with
regard to his answers concerning appropriate penalty for murder and another
regarding her sympathy for elderly or young victims, noting “trial court
observed these jurors’ assurances of impartiality”). Based on the record before
us, we find that the trial court did not act illogically or arbitrarily when it denied
Wallick’s for-cause challenges to the five individuals who initially indicated
they would want or prefer to see a higher burden of proof than the required
“greater weight of the evidence” standard applicable in medical malpractice
cases. See e.g., Timberlake v. State, 690 N.E.2d 243, 262 (Ind. 2003) (holding no
error in denying for-cause challenge to prospective juror who initially stated she
would prefer to hear defendant testify, might have difficulty considering
mitigation, and might be biased against someone who committed murder, but
also stated that, though she might not like the law, she would follow the law as
instructed), cert. denied 525 U.S. 1072 (1999).
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[26] The sixth and final for-cause challenge that Wallick appeals is that of Juror
Gregory, who testified that he hated court and was not fond of doctors and
lawyers. We appreciate the grain of truth in the lighthearted comment that
Wallick’s counsel made to Gregory: “You dislike both sides equally? You’re
the perfect juror.” Transcript at 122. Because Juror Gregory also stated that he
would find it hard to pay attention to all the evidence, counsel for Wallick
renewed his motion to strike Gregory for cause. The trial court asked Juror
Gregory if he suffered from any physical or mental disability that would prevent
him from rendering satisfactory jury service, and he replied that he did not.
The trial court was within its discretion to deny Wallick’s for-cause challenge to
Gregory.
[27] It cannot be disputed that the trial court in this case gave considerable leeway to
Wallick’s counsel, allowing over ninety minutes of questioning and then posing
its own follow-up inquiries to Wallick’s twelve for-cause challenges (nine of the
fourteen in the initial panel and three of the four replacements). Notably, the
court struck four potential jurors whose answers reflected that he or she could
not follow the instructions as given. The trial court devoted a generous amount
of time to jury selection in order to make sure each person, including those
challenged for cause, was competent to sit on the jury. We find no abuse of the
court’s substantial discretion and conclude that the trial court did not act
illogically or arbitrarily when it denied the six for-cause challenges at issue.
[28] Judgment affirmed.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A-CT-2519 | August 7, 2019 Page 19 of 20
Kirsch, J. and Vaidik, C.J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Opinion 18A-CT-2519 | August 7, 2019 Page 20 of 20