Weston Anakin Swanson v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.) ( 2019 )

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any Nov 27 2019, 9:22 am
court except for the purpose of establishing
CLERK
the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Philip R. Skodinski Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
South Bend, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Sierra A. Murray
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Weston Anakin Swanson, November 27, 2019
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
19A-CR-1281
v. Appeal from the
St. Joseph Superior Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable
Appellee-Plaintiff. Julie P. Verheye, Magistrate
Trial Court Cause No.
71D08-1807-CM-2714
Kirsch, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1281 | November 27, 2019 Page 1 of 8
[1] Weston Anakin Swanson (“Swanson”) appeals his conviction for criminal
mischief1 as a Class B misdemeanor, contending that the trial court abused its
discretion when it denied the admission of evidence to prove Swanson acted in
defense of another.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] Christopher Matsey, Sr. (“Matsey”) and Jolene Harwood (“Harwood”) are the
biological parents of a son (“Son”). Pursuant to a court order, parenting-time
exchanges of Son took place at the downtown public library in South Bend,
Indiana. Prior to meeting with Harwood for a parenting exchange on May 4,
2018, Matsey had agreed to give her $300.00, over and above what he normally
paid in child support, to pay for Son’s school clothes and supplies. Tr. Vol. 2 at
18. While driving to the meeting point, Matsey received a call from Harwood
who said that her then-fiancé, Swanson, “might be there in the corner” and
“just to be easy about it.” Id. at 16.
[4] Matsey arrived at the library parking lot and saw that Harwood and Swanson
were already there but in different vehicles. Id. at 16-17. Swanson’s pick-up
truck was parked about forty yards behind Harwood’s car. Id. Matsey had seen
Swanson with Harwood at prior custody exchanges; however, all other times
1
See Ind. Code § 35-43-1-2(a).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1281 | November 27, 2019 Page 2 of 8
Swanson and Harwood had been in the same vehicle. Id. at 16. Matsey exited
his car, approached Harwood’s car, and gave her the cash. Id. at 17-18.
Meanwhile, Son stepped out of Harwood’s car. Having seen the exchange of
money, Swanson drove up behind Harwood’s vehicle and got out of his truck.
Id. at 18-19. The two men began shoving and yelling at each other.2 Id. at 21-
23, 43, 51. Matsey told Son to get into his car and walked over to the front
passenger seat to “mak[e] sure [S]on [was] okay.” Id. at 22-24. Swanson then
approached the front of Matsey’s car and “start[ed] belligerently banging” on
the hood with his fists causing multiple dents. Id. at 24-25. Swanson stopped
banging on the car only after “concerned citizens came over and let him know
that the police were on their way.” Id. at 26. Swanson returned to his truck
and sped away, traveling over a barricade that was meant to stop traffic. Id. at
26, 27.
[5] Before the police arrived, bystanders made sure that Matsey was “all right.” Id.
at 28. Meanwhile, city workers drove after Swanson in an effort to get his
license plate information. Id. at 27-28. Matsey and Harwood talked about the
incident. Harwood told Matsey to relax, and she apologized to Matsey for the
incident. Id. at 28. South Bend Police Officer Andrew Ream (“Officer Ream”)
arrived at the scene and found Matsey, Harwood, and a bystander who had
witnessed the incident. Id. at 10. Officer Ream observed “several dents in the
2
Matsey testified that the altercation stemmed from Swanson attempting to take the money from Harwood.
Tr. Vol. 2 at 20-23. Swanson testified that he intervened because Matsey exited his vehicle and aggressively
threw the money at Harwood. Id. at 42.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1281 | November 27, 2019 Page 3 of 8
hood” of Matsey’s car. Id. Matsey and Harwood identified Swanson as the
individual who had damaged Matsey’s car. Id. at 10-11. Officer Ream noted
that the dents “were approximately the size that would indicate that it was
feasible that they came from punches.” Id. at 10.
[6] On August 3, 2018, the State charged Swanson with battery and criminal
mischief, each as a Class B misdemeanor. The trial court held a bifurcated
bench trial; on February 7, 2019, the State presented the testimony of Officer
Ream and Matsey, and on May 9, 2019, the defense presented Swanson’s
testimony. During the trial, Matsey testified that there have been domestic
disputes between himself and Harwood in the past. Id. at 30. Swanson said he
attended 80% of the parenting-time exchanges, saying that, “because of past
history,” Harwood wanted him to attend. Id. at 36, 42. When defense counsel
asked Swanson why Harwood wanted him to be present at the parenting
exchanges, Swanson responded that there had been a couple of incidents
between Harwood and Matsey, and Harwood “has a restraining order placed
against him so she never really feels safe.” Id. at 28. The State objected, saying
that the question required Swanson to speculate as to Harwood’s “state of
mind, her way of thinking.” Id. The trial court sustained the objection. Id.
[7] Defense counsel then asked Swanson what type of incidents had taken place
between Matsey and Harwood. Id. The State objected on the ground of
relevancy, and the trial court sustained the objection on the basis that “incidents
in the past between Ms. Harwood and Mr. Matsey aren’t relevant or germane
to the issues of what happened on this particular date in the library parking lot.”
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1281 | November 27, 2019 Page 4 of 8
Id. at 39. At the conclusion of the bench trial, the trial court found Swanson
not guilty of battery but guilty of criminal mischief. The trial court ordered
Swanson to pay Matsey restitution in the amount of $1,571.25, for the repair of
Matsey’s car.3 Swanson now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
[8] Although Swanson did not provide the applicable standard of review on
appeal,4 the essence of his argument is that the trial court abused its discretion
when it excluded evidence offered by Swanson to prove that he acted in defense
of another. In other words, Swanson claims that the trial court should have
allowed him to testify that his actions arose from his fear of Matsey and in
defense of Harwood (“the Defense”). “‘A trial court has broad discretion in
ruling on the admissibility of evidence, and we will disturb the court’s rulings
only where the petitioner has shown an abuse of that discretion.’” Heckard v.
State, 118 N.E.3d 823, 827-28 (Ind. Ct. App. 2019) (quoting Bowman v. State, 51
N.E.3d 1174, 1180 (Ind. 2016)), trans. denied. “An abuse of discretion occurs
only if a ruling is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and
circumstances, and the error affects a party’s substantial rights.” Id. at 828.
“‘Errors in the admission or exclusion of evidence are to be disregarded as
harmless error unless they affect the substantial rights of the party.’” Id.
3
Swanson does not appeal the amount of the ordered restitution.
4
Indiana Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(b) in pertinent part provides: “The argument must include for each issue a
concise statement of the applicable standard of review.”
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1281 | November 27, 2019 Page 5 of 8
(quoting Lewis v. State, 34 N.E.3d 240, 248 (Ind. 2015)). “To determine
whether an error in the introduction of evidence affected the appellant’s
substantial rights, this Court must assess the probable impact of that evidence
upon the [trier of fact].” Id. Our court does not reweigh the evidence on
appeal; instead, we consider any conflicting evidence in favor of the trial court’s
ruling. Wilson v. State, 973 N.E.2d 1211, 1214 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012).
[9] We begin by noting that Swanson has waived review of the issue of whether the
trial court erred when it excluded testimony concerning the Defense because he
failed to make an offer of proof. “[A]n offer of proof is required to preserve an
error in the exclusion of a witness’s testimony.” Heckard, 118 N.E.2d at 828.
“If the ruling excludes evidence, a party informs the court of its substance by an
offer of proof, unless the substance was apparent from the context.” Id. (citing
Ind. Evidence Rule 103(a)(2)). “An offer of proof allows the trial and appellate
courts to determine the admissibility of the testimony, as well as the potential
for prejudice if it is excluded.” Id. Here, Swanson does not cite the specific
language that was excluded. Likewise, Swanson made no offer of proof to the
trial court. As such, Swanson has failed to preserve review of his claim that the
trial court erred in excluding the Defense. Id. Waiver notwithstanding, we
address Swanson’s issue on the merits.
[10] Swanson contends that the trial court’s exclusion of evidence that supported the
Defense was an abuse of discretion. Here, even if he could show that the trial
court abused its discretion, Swanson is not entitled to relief because such error
is harmless. Swanson was charged with battery and criminal mischief. At the
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close of the evidence, the trial judge found Swanson not guilty of battery but
guilty of criminal mischief, explaining:
[A]fter listening to the three witnesses that I’ve heard in the case,
you know one of the things that I also can take into account as [ ]
the finder of fact in the case is, you know, the witness[es]’
demeanor and manner of conduct while testifying, and one of the
things that came kind of through loud and clear to me was that
Mr. Matsey certainly seems to be an angry individual. . . . And
so insofar as . . . Count I, the battery is concerned, . . . I’m not
persuaded beyond a reasonable doubt as to who is the aggressor .
. . because everybody has acknowledged that there was some
yelling going on back and forth between the two men. Each has
claimed that the other was the aggressor in terms of initiating the
pushes. I’m not convinced beyond a reasonable doubt based on .
. . Mr. Matsey’s testimony, like I say in light of his demeanor and
conduct while he was testifying in the case.
On the other hand, when it comes to the issue of the [criminal]
mischief, I do have testimony from Mr. Matsey that says, and
while like I say I’m not convinced beyond a reasonable doubt as
to who is the aggressor here because obviously there was some
bad thing or bad feelings going on, whatever the reason that day.
And there was yelling and screaming going on. I do have the
testimony from Officer Ream and his testimony was that there
were six dents on the hood of the vehicle, he observed that.
And I think, [the prosecutor] made some pretty reasonable points
in his cross examination of Mr. Swanson if you really thought
that your fiancé [sic] was in that much danger, why would you
leave in the way that you did. I understand your comments, but
I think he probably did decide to leave, but decided to get in a
few licks before he left and did that courtesy of the vehicle that
Mr. Matsey was driving. And so I am going to find him guilty
on Count II, which is the criminal mischief.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1281 | November 27, 2019 Page 7 of 8
Tr. Vol. 2 at 62-63. Notwithstanding Swanson’s claim that he was prevented
from presenting evidence of Matsey’s temperament, the trial court observed that
Matsey “seem[ed] to be an angry individual.” Id. at 62.
[11] The trial court convicted Swanson of criminal mischief. Id. at 63. To prove
that Swanson committed criminal mischief, the State had to establish that he
“recklessly, knowingly, or intentionally damage[d] or deface[d]” Matsey’s
vehicle without Matsey’s consent. Ind. Code § 35-43-1-2(a). The evidence
showed that during the parenting exchange Swanson and Matsey engaged in a
dispute, yelling at and shoving each other. Tr. Vol. 2 at 21-23, 43, 51. While
Matsey was checking on Son’s well-being, Swanson approached the front of
Matsey’s parked car and “start[ed] belligerently banging” on the hood with his
fists, causing multiple dents. Id. at 24-25. When bystanders told Swanson and
Matsey that police were on their way, Swanson jumped into his truck and sped
away, leaving Harwood at the scene. Id. at 26, 27. Officer Ream testified that
Matsey and Harwood each reported that Swanson damaged Matsey’s car. Id.
at 28. Officer Ream observed the dents and testified that they “were
approximately the size that would indicate that it was feasible that they came
from punches.” Id. at 10. We find sufficient evidence to support Swanson’s
conviction for criminal mischief, and Swanson has provided no theory to show
how the Defense could have undermined that conviction.
[12] Affirmed.
Baker, J., and Crone, J., concur.
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