Daniel Mola v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.) ( 2017 )

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any Nov 09 2017, 7:49 am
court except for the purpose of establishing
CLERK
the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
APPELLANT PRO SE ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Daniel Mola Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Bunker Hill, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
George P. Sherman
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Daniel Mola, November 9, 2017
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
45A03-1608-PC-1911
v. Appeal from the Lake County
Superior Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable Clarence D.
Appellee-Plaintiff Murray, Judge
The Honorable Kathleen Sullivan,
Magistrate
Trial Court Cause No.
45G02-1209-PC-11
May, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 1 of 24
[1] Daniel Mola appeals the post-conviction court’s denial of his petition for post-
conviction relief. He presents multiple issues for our consideration, which we
consolidate and restate as:
1. Whether the post-conviction court abused its discretion when
it denied Mola’s request to hire a toxicologist at public expense to
testify at Mola’s post-conviction hearing;
2. Whether the post-conviction court abused its discretion when
it denied Mola’s request to admit a Medication Guide for Prozac;
3. Whether Mola received ineffective assistance of trial counsel;
4. Whether Mola received ineffective assistance of appellate
counsel; and
5. Whether the Indiana Court of Appeals erred in its decision in
Mola’s direct appeal.
We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] The facts of Mola’s underlying conviction were set forth in our opinion on
direct appeal:
On July 18, 2009, Christopher Elkins (“Elkins”) and Mola were
at a bar called Buddy and Pal’s Place in Winfield, Indiana.
Elkins was sitting at the bar area. When Elkins left his seat,
Mola took his place. Later, Elkins returned and entered into a
“heated” conversation with Mola. Both men appeared angry and
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 2 of 24
yelled expletives at each other. Bar employees then separated the
two, and Elkins left the bar area.
Elkins accepted an offer from his friend, James Bannister
(“Bannister”), to drive him home. As Bannister and Elkins were
preparing to leave the bar, they walked past Mola who was still
sitting in the bar area. Elkins shoved Mola’s barstool before
walking out to the parking lot. After Elkins passed, Mola stood
up, loaded a round into his handgun and approached the exit
while holding the pistol. A bar employee tried to stop Mola, but
Mola continued out to the parking lot.
When Mola reached the parking lot, Elkins and Bannister were
near the back of Bannister’s vehicle. Mola raised his firearm and
yelled to Elkins, “[H]ey [,] [m*f*].” Elkins turned around and
asked Mola, “[W]hat are you going to do[?][S]hoot me[?]” Mola
then fired two shots in “rapid” succession at Elkins, striking him
in the abdomen. Elkins died as a result of his gunshot wounds.
On July 20, 2009, the State of Indiana charged Mola with murder
and carrying a handgun without a license.
Mola v. State, 45A03-1105-CR-206, 964 N.E.2d 316 at *1 (Ind. Ct. App.
February 29, 2012) (formatting of quotes in original) (record citations omitted),
trans. denied. In April 2010, Mola’s first trial ended in a mistrial. The trial court
held a second jury trial in March 2011. The jury in the second trial found Mola
guilty of Class A felony voluntary manslaughter and Class A misdemeanor
carrying a handgun without a license, and the trial court sentenced him to thirty
years incarcerated.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 3 of 24
[3] Mola appealed, arguing the trial court abused its discretion when it denied his
proposed jury instruction on the lesser-included offense of involuntary
manslaughter. Our court affirmed, holding:
No serious evidentiary dispute was present regarding Mola’s
intent to kill Elkins. The trial court had sufficient evidence to
conclude that Mola acted with the intent to kill and not merely
batter Elkins. Consequently, it was not an abuse of the trial
court’s discretion to deny Mola’s proposed jury instruction that
included involuntary manslaughter as a lesser included offense.
Id. at *3.
[4] On September 18, 2012, Mola filed a petition for post-conviction relief. Mola
amended his petition on May 5, 2014. On June 17, 2014, Mola filed a petition
requesting the post-conviction court hire a toxicologist at public expense, which
the post-conviction court denied. The post-conviction court held evidentiary
hearings on Mola’s petition for post-conviction relief on July 9 and 10, 2014.
During the hearing, Mola attempted to offer into evidence a “Medication
Guide for Prozac which enumerated the many adverse effects of the drug.”
(Amended Br. of Appellant at 17) (citations to the record omitted). The State
objected, and the trial court sustained the State’s objection but stated, “we’ll
show that it’s admitted as an offer to prove.” (Tr. at 110.) The post-conviction
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 4 of 24
court issued an order 1 on July 27, 2016, denying Mola’s petition for post-
conviction relief.
Discussion and Decision
[5] We first note Mola proceeds pro se. A litigant who proceeds pro se is held to the
same rules of procedure that trained counsel is bound to follow. Smith v.
Donahue, 907 N.E.2d 553, 555 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied, cert. dismissed,
558 U.S. 1074 (2009). One risk a litigant takes when he proceeds pro se is that
he will not know how to accomplish all the things an attorney would know how
to accomplish. Id. When a party elects to represent himself, there is no reason
for us to indulge in any benevolent presumption on his behalf or to waive any
rule for the orderly and proper conduct of his appeal. Foley v. Mannor, 844
N.E.2d 494, 502 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006).
[6] Post-conviction proceedings afford petitioners a limited opportunity to raise
issues that were unavailable or unknown at trial and on direct appeal. Davidson
v. State, 763 N.E.2d 441, 443 (Ind. 2002), reh’g denied, cert. denied 537 U.S. 1122(2003). A petitioner who has been denied post-conviction relief faces a
“rigorous standard of review.” Dewitt v. State, 755 N.E.2d 167, 169 (Ind. 2001).
He must convince the court on review that the evidence as a whole leads
unerringly and unmistakably to a decision opposite that reached by the post-
1
The post-conviction court’s order is very detailed and has aided our review of this complicated matter
immensely.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 5 of 24
conviction court. Id. at 170. We will disturb a post-conviction court’s decision
as being contrary to law only where the evidence is without conflict and leads
to but one conclusion, and the post-conviction court has reached the opposite
conclusion. Id. We accept the post-conviction court’s findings of fact unless
clearly erroneous. Id. We do not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility
of witnesses. Mahone v. State, 742 N.E.2d 982, 984 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001), trans.
denied.
1. Denial of Request to Hire Toxicologist
[7] The decision whether to appoint at public expense an expert for indigent
defendants is left to the trial court’s sound discretion, and we will reverse only
for an abuse of that discretion. Beauchamp v. State, 788 N.E.2d 881, 888 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2003). It is within that discretion “to determine whether the requested
service would be needless, wasteful or extravagant.” Id.While there is no exhaustive and precise list of considerations,
the trial court’s central inquiry addresses whether the services are
necessary to assure an adequate defense and whether the
defendant specifies precisely how he would benefit from the
requested expert services. Factors include: (1) whether the
services would bear on an issue generally regarded to be within
the common experience of the average person, or on one for
which an expert opinion would be necessary; (2) whether the
requested expert services could nonetheless be performed by
counsel; (3) whether the proposed expert could demonstrate that
which the defendant desires from the expert; (4) whether the
purpose for the expert appears to be only exploratory; (5)
whether the expert services will go toward answering a
substantial question in the case or simply an ancillary one; (6) the
seriousness of the charge; (7) whether the State is relying upon an
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 6 of 24
expert and expending substantial resources on the case; (8)
whether a defendant with monetary resources would choose to
hire such an expert; (9) the costs of the expert services; (10) the
timeliness of the request for the expert and whether it was made
in good faith; and (11) whether there is cumulative evidence of
the defendant’s guilt. Even where there are factors present
militating toward appointment of an expert, such as the services
would have borne upon an issue outside the common experience
of the average person, and analysis is outside the scope of the
typical attorney’s services, the factors may be insufficient to
require the trial court to approve the hiring of an expert at public
expense.
Kocielko v. State, 938 N.E.2d 243, 254-5 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (internal citations
omitted), on reh’g, 943 N.E.2d 1282 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011), 2 trans. denied.
[8] On June 20, 2014, Mola filed a “Verified Motion for Order Authorizing Expert
at Public Expense.” (App. Vol. IV at 38.) In that motion, he asked the post-
conviction court to authorize him to retain the services of a toxicologist at
public expense for the purpose of bolstering his claim his trial counsel was
ineffective for failing to present additional evidence of Elkins’ intoxication.
Mola claims this evidence would prove he acted in self-defense when he killed
Elkins. The post-conviction court concluded: “Having a toxicologist testify at
trial would be cumulative[.]” (App. Vol. V at 87.) We agree.
[9] The evidence Mola sought to present via the toxicologist at the post-conviction
hearing was cumulative of evidence presented during his March 2011 trial,
2
The issues clarified on rehearing in Kocielko are not relevant to the case before us.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 7 of 24
including eyewitness testimony of Elkins’ intoxication. In examining the other
factors set forth in Kocielko, we note Mola requested the appointment of the
toxicologist at public expense less than a month before the evidentiary hearings
held on July 9 and 10, 2014. Mola certainly faced a serious charge during his
original trial, which he sought to overturn in the post-conviction proceedings.
In addition, he indicated the cost of retaining the toxicologist as required in the
Kocielko factors, though the reasonableness of this charge is unclear from Mola’s
motion. However, based on the Kocielko factors, we conclude the post-
conviction court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Mola’s motion.
See, e.g., Watson v. State, 972 N.E.2d 378, 385-6 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012) (no abuse
of discretion when trial court denied motion for expert).
2. Denial of Request to Admit Medication Guide
[10] The admission of evidence in a post-conviction proceeding is within the post-
conviction court’s discretion, and we will reverse only for an abuse of that
discretion. Conner v. State, 711 N.E.2d 1238, 1258 (Ind. 1999), reh’g denied, cert.
denied 531 U.S. 829 (2000). During his post-conviction evidentiary hearing,
Mola sought to admit a Medication Guide for Prozac, which Mola claimed was
a printout of information provided by Eli Lilly, the manufacturer of Prozac.
Mola argued the document provided information regarding the side effects of
Prozac and was relevant to whether his trial counsel was ineffective for “failing
to get a toxicologist who could testify to such matters.” (Tr. at 109.)
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 8 of 24
[11] The State objected on hearsay grounds. Mola and the post-conviction court
then discussed the document:
[Court]: Do you have a response to the hearsay objection?
[Mola]: Your Honor, I believe it would constitute a commercial
publication exception to the hearsay.
[Court]: It’s not a commercial publication in that it’s not
disseminated. It’s only disseminated to doctors and people
taking the medication, is that right?
[Mola]: Yes, I believe so. I mean, it’s approved by the FDA.
[Court]: I understand that. That’s irrelevant. That has nothing
to do with whether it’s based on this. This is a printout out [sic]
by the company. It has nothing to do with the FDA’s approval
of the medication for the purposes it’s designed for.
[Mola]: What about as a business record?
[Court]: That’s a good response to it.
(Id. at 108.) The State then objected on foundational grounds and the inability
to cross-examine the document. The post-conviction court sustained the State’s
objections, though it accepted the document as “an offer to prove.” (Id. at 110.)
[12] On appeal, Mola reiterates his assertion regarding the relevancy of the
document; however, he does not provide cogent argument regarding why it
should be admitted. Therefore, he has waived his argument. See Smith v. State,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 9 of 24
822 N.E.2d 193, 202-3 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005) (“Generally, a party waives any
issue raised on appeal where the party fails to develop a cogent argument or
provide adequate citation to authority and portions of the record.”), trans.
denied; see also Ind. App. Rule 46(A)(8)(a) (requiring argument section of
appellant’s brief to “contain the contentions of the appellant on the issues
presented, supported by cogent reasoning[ ]” and “[e]ach contention must be
supported by citations to the authorities, statutes, and the appendix or parts of
the Record on Appeal relied on, in accordance with Rule 22”).
3. Ineffective Assistance of Trial Counsel
[13] A successful claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel must satisfy two
components. First, the defendant must show deficient performance -
representation that fell below an objective standard of reasonableness involving
errors so serious that the defendant did not have the counsel guaranteed by the
Sixth Amendment. McCary v. State, 761 N.E.2d 389, 392 (Ind. 2002), reh’g
denied. Second, the defendant must show prejudice - a reasonable probability
that, but for counsel’s errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different. Id.[14] In reviewing a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, we begin with a strong
presumption “that counsel rendered adequate assistance and made all
significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable professional judgment.” Ward
v. State, 969 N.E.2d 46, 51 (Ind. 2012), reh’g denied. Trial counsel has wide
latitude in selecting trial strategy and tactics, which choices will be subjected to
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 10 of 24
deferential review. Id. A petitioner must offer “strong and convincing evidence
to overcome this presumption” of adequate assistance and reasonable
professional judgment. Ben-Yisrayl v. State, 729 N.E.2d 102, 106 (Ind. 2000),
reh’g denied, cert. denied 534 U.S. 830 (2001).
A. Partial Verdict
[15] Mola argues his trial counsel in his first trial, Nick Thiros and Paul Stracci,
were ineffective because they did not “consult with Mola on whether to pursue
a partial-verdict at the conclusion of the mistrial[.]” (Amended Br. of Appellant
at 21.) In its order, the post-conviction court described the testimony which
fuels Mola’s argument on appeal:
At the first trial, the jury was deadlocked and Mr[.] Thiros
thought a mistrial was in Mola’s best interests and he made the
strategic decision to ask for a mistrial. Mr[.] Stracci believes he
discussed the jury being undecided with Mr[.] Mola. . . . It was
not until after the mistrial was declared that Samuel Vazanellis,
an associate attorney for Thiros & Stracci spoke to the released
jury with attorneys for the State of Indiana. Mr[.] Vazanellis
prepared an Affidavit of that jury encounter describing that the
jurors would have voted to acquit Mola of murder and they were
hung on involuntary manslaughter, and one or two thought Mola
acted in self defense.
(App. Vol. V at 84.) Vazanellis’ affidavit also indicated the jurors thought Mola
was also not guilty of voluntary manslaughter.
[16] However, the conversation Mola uses to support his argument occurred after
the trial court granted his request for mistrial. Thus, Thiros and Stracci would
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 11 of 24
not have known the jury had come to a conclusion regarding some of the
charges at the time it would have been appropriate to request a partial verdict.
We note
[b]ecause a jury speaks only through its verdict, its failure to
reach a verdict cannot—by negative implication—yield a piece of
information that helps put together the trial puzzle. . . . Unlike
the pleadings, the jury charge, or the evidence introduced by the
parties, there is no way to decipher what a hung count represents.
. . . A host of reasons—sharp disagreement, confusion about the
issues, exhaustion after a long trial, to name but a few—could
work alone or in tandem to cause a jury to hang. To ascribe
meaning to a hung count would presume an ability to identify
which factor was at play in the jury room. But that is not
reasoned analysis; it is guesswork. Such conjecture about
possible reasons for a jury’s failure to reach a decision should
play no part in assessing the legal consequences of a unanimous
verdict that the jurors did return.
Yeager v. United States, 557 U.S. 110, 119-20 (2009).
[17] Additionally, as the post-conviction court noted, “[T]here was no indication
that the jury was deadlocked on only one, or all of the possible verdicts for the
case. It would have been a great gamble to request a partial verdict and Mr[.]
Thiros made a sound strategic decision to ask for a mistrial.” (App. Vol. V at
86.) As we defer to trial counsel’s strategic decisions, Ward, 969 N.E.2d at 51,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 12 of 24
we conclude Mola has not demonstrated his trial counsel’s performance was
deficient for failing to request a partial verdict. 3
B. Testimony Regarding Elkins’ Level of Intoxication
[18] Mola argues his trial counsel was ineffective because they did not “elicit
testimony that the victim’s body smelled of alcohol and for failing to obtain a
toxicologist in order to introduce evidence of the victim’s blood-alcohol level
and the adverse effects of Prozac.” (Amended Br. of Appellant at 32.) During
the post-conviction hearing, Mola’s counsel Stracci explained why he and
Thiros chose not to call a toxicologist as a witness, which the post-conviction
court summarized in its order:
The defense did elicit from Patricia Elkins that her husband had
been taking Prozac for ten years and that he also took Synthroid,
but she said that he was not aggressive when he drank. On cross-
examination of James Bannister, Elkins’ friend, Mr[.] Stracci got
him to admit he thought Elkins was intoxicated that night. In
response to a jury question, Bannister said that Elkins functioned
fine other than fumbling over the right word to use in a sentence.
The jury heard ample evidence that Elkins was intoxicated the
night of the shooting, and that Elkins shoved Mola’s barstool
when he exited the bar. Having a toxicologist testify at trial
would be cumulative and perhaps speculative, since not all
people metabolize alcohol or drugs at the same rate. Having a
toxicologist testify at trial may have backfired and left the jury
wondering what effect alcohol had on Mola that evening. This
3
Mola also argues his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to ask for the verdict forms. As the jury did not
reach a verdict, it would follow no verdict forms were completed. Mola has offered no evidence the forms
existed and, thus, is unable to predicate error on his trial counsel’s failure to review them.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 13 of 24
was a strategic decision, and the Court cannot say that Stracci’s
strategic decision to forego a toxicology expert was faulty.
(App. Vol. V at 87) (internal citations to the record omitted).
[19] In his brief, Mola relies on Harris v. Cotton, 365 F.3d 552 (7th Cir. 2004). Harris
is distinguishable. In Harris, the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals held Harris’
trial counsel was ineffective for not calling as a witness a toxicologist who could
testify regarding the victim’s level of intoxication the night he was killed and
how that related to Harris’ perception of the threat the victim posed, as Harris
argued he acted in self-defense when he shot the victim. However, the court
noted
there is little or no evidence which goes to show that Harris knew
that Jones was under the influence of cocaine and alcohol. . . .
When defense counsel tried to question the coroner as to whether
Jones’s body smelled of alcohol, his line of questioning was
disallowed. Therefore, the jury was left with the impression that
the decedent was not intoxicated when, in fact, he was quite
inebriated. If the jury believed that Jones was sober, there is a
reasonable probability that they would not have believed Harris’s
version of events as it related to Jones’s behavior.
Id. at 557 (footnote omitted). Here, the jury heard from two witnesses
regarding Elkins’ intoxication that night and his normal behavior when
intoxicated, and thus the danger that befell Harris, that his jury did not
understand the threat the victim allegedly posed, is not present in this case.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 14 of 24
[20] Additionally, as we stated supra, any evidence from a toxicologist would have
likely been cumulative because the jury was aware Elkins was intoxicated.
Regarding the smell of Elkins’ body during the autopsy, that evidence was
likely also cumulative, because Mola asserts its admission was another way to
demonstrate Elkins was intoxicated. Mola has not demonstrated he was
prejudiced by his trial counsel’s decision to refrain from calling a toxicologist
during trial or include testimony about the smell of the body; thus, we conclude
he has not demonstrated his trial counsel was ineffective. See McCary, 761
N.E.2d at 392 (petitioner does not demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel
if he is not prejudiced by the alleged error).
C. Final Jury Instruction 20
[21] On appeal, Mola argues trial counsel was ineffective “for failing to object
specifically and fully to the impropriety of Final Instruction No. 20, which
could have led the jury to believe that the defendant’s evidence - and the
defendant’s evidence alone - was required to affirmatively prove specified facts
demonstrating that he was acting in self-defense.” (Br. of Appellant at 44.)
Final Jury Instruction 20 stated:
For the defendant’s assertion of self-defense to prevail in this
case, he must have shown,
1. that he was in a place where he had the right to be;
2. [that] he did not provoke, instigate, or participate willingly in
the violence;
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 15 of 24
3. [that he] had a reasonable fear of death or great bodily harm.
For the defense of self-defense to fail in this case, the State must
have disproved one of these elements beyond a reasonable doubt.
(Record of Mola’s Trial Proceedings at 1558.) Mola’s trial counsel offered an
alternate instruction, but the trial court denied the request to amend the jury
instruction. Mola contends, “[w]hile counsel proposed its own self-defense
instructions, none of them remedied the alleged defect in [Final Jury
Instruction] 20 and counsel never raised a specific and full objection.”
(Amended Br. of Appellant at 45) (record citation omitted).
[22] To show ineffective assistance based on counsel’s failure to object, a petitioner
must demonstrate the trial court would have sustained the objection. Glotzbach
v. State, 783 N.E.2d 1221, 1224 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). The petitioner must also
establish prejudice. Timberlake v. State, 690 N.E.2d 243, 259 (Ind. 1997), reh’g
denied, cert. denied 525 U.S. 1073 (1999). Mola relies on our holding in Burnside
v. State, 858 N.E.2d 232 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), in which we held Burnside’s
appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to raise the issue of a jury
instruction on appeal. The instruction at issue in that case is very different from
the one before us. The Burnside court noted:
According to Burnside, the instruction resulted in fundamental
error because: (1) the instruction erroneously merged the separate
concepts of self defense and reckless homicide into a single
concept of reckless self defense; and (2) the instruction,
particularly paragraph D, only allowed the jury to find Burnside
guilty of reckless homicide if it first found that he was acting in
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 16 of 24
self defense. The State correctly concedes that the instruction
erroneously intermingled the concepts of self defense and reckless
homicide and that paragraph D was erroneous. Under
Paragraph D of the instruction, to find Burnside guilty of reckless
homicide, the jury would have been required to find “the
existence of the four essential elements of the charge of murder,”
that Burnside was acting in self defense, and that Burnside was
“acting in plain, conscious, and unjustifiable disregard of harm
that might result and that the disregard involved a substantial
deviation from acceptable standards of conduct.” However, as
noted above, for the jury to find Burnside guilty of reckless
homicide, it only needed to find that Burnside killed Williams by
engaging in conduct in plain, conscious, and unjustifiable
disregard of harm that might result and the disregard involved a
substantial deviation from acceptable standards of conduct.
Burnside argues, and we agree, that “by requiring a finding of
self-defense as a precondition to a reckless homicide verdict, the
instruction deprived Burnside of his right to have the jury
consider his guilt on reckless homicide as a lesser-included
offense.” We conclude that Burnside’s appellate counsel was
deficient by failing to raise this issue because it was significant
and obvious from the face of the record and was clearly stronger
than the issues raised in Burnside’s direct appeal.
Id. at 240-1 (internal citations and footnote omitted). Here, Final Jury
Instruction 20 focused exclusively on the elements of self-defense.
[23] Final Jury Instruction 20 can be better analyzed using Brown v. State, 498
N.E.2d 1192 (Ind. 1986). In Brown, the trial court instructed the jury:
If there is any evidence whether through testimony or physical
fact that a defendant acted in defense of himself, then the State of
Indiana must negate the defense beyond a reasonable doubt.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 17 of 24
In summary, a claim of self-defense contains the following
elements:
The defendant must show that by not being the initial aggressor
he acted without fault, or if with fault by being the initial
aggressor or entering into combat with another person that he
retreated to the legal limit; that the defendant honestly feared or
actually was in real danger of death or great bodily harm; the
force used as (sic) reasonably necessary to prevent serious bodily
injury to himself.
If the State disproves any of the above elements, it has sustained
its burden and there is no self-defense claim, and if the State of
Indiana does not prove beyond any reasonable doubt that this
defendant did not act in self-defense, then you must acquit said
defendant.
Id. at 1194. Brown argued the words “defendant must show” impermissibly
shifted the burden of proof. Id. Our Indiana Supreme Court held the language
“cannot be construed to shift the burden of proof on the issue of self-defense, as
it constitutes essentially a restatement of the case law addressing what a
defendant must show to raise a valid claim of self-defense.” Id.[24] Thus, based on our Indiana Supreme Court’s holding in Brown, the trial court
would not have sustained any objection based on the language indicating Mola
“must have shown” the element of self-defense. (Record of Mola’s Trial
Proceedings at 1558.) As Mola has not demonstrated the trial court would have
sustained the objection he asserts trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
make, we conclude he has not demonstrated his trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to make that objection. See Glotzbach, 783 N.E.2d at 1224 (to
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 18 of 24
demonstrate trial counsel was ineffective for failing to make an objection, the
petitioner must prove the objection would have been sustained).
4. Ineffective Assistance of Appellate Counsel
[25] Claims of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel are reviewed using the
same standard as claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel. Taylor v. State,
717 N.E.2d 90, 94 (Ind. 1999). These claims generally fall into three categories:
(1) denying access to appeal; (2) waiver of issues; and (3) failure to present
issues well. Bieghler v. State, 690 N.E.2d 188, 193-95 (Ind. 1997), reh’g denied,
cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1021 (1998). Relief is appropriate only when we are
confident we would have ruled differently. Id. at 196. Because counsel is
afforded considerable discretion in choosing strategy and tactics, we presume
counsel’s assistance was adequate and all significant decisions were made in the
exercise of reasonable professional judgment. State v. Miller, 771 N.E.2d 1284,
1288 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002), reh’g denied, trans. denied. Deciding which issues to
raise on appeal is one of the most important strategic decisions of appellate
counsel. Bieghler, 690 N.E.2d at 193.
[26] On appeal, Mola takes issue with the manner in which his appellate counsel,
Marce Gonzalez, Jr., presented the argument on appeal. In Mola’s direct
appeal, Gonzalez argued the trial court erred when it did not include an
instruction for the lesser-included offense of involuntary manslaughter “because
there was a serious evidentiary dispute (SED) as to whether Mola intended to
kill or merely batter Elkins.” (Amended Br. of Appellant at 47.) Mola
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 19 of 24
contends Gonzalez should have instead argued about the trajectory of the
wounds Mola inflicted on Elkins to prove he lacked the requisite intent to kill
Elkins.
[27] During his post-conviction hearing, Mola questioned Gonzalez at length,
lobbing random cases with questionable relevancy at Gonzalez in an effort to
show Gonzalez made a weak argument on appeal. Gonzalez testified he either
knew about the case and often corrected Mola’s understanding of the holding,
or indicated he knew the general concept contained in Mola’s case citations.
Gonzalez has been “an appellate public defender since 1985, so twenty-nine
years.” (Tr. at 62.) He indicated he did not argue about the trajectory of the
wounds or Mola’s other proffered arguments for a variety of reasons including
the lack of development of the argument at trial, the lack of evidence, and
general appellate strategy.
[28] The post-conviction court found, “appellate counsel made strong strategic
decisions; Mola has not shown otherwise.” (App. Vol. V at 88.) We agree.
Gonzalez explained at length his reasons for presenting the argument on appeal
the way he did, including the fact certain issues Mola favored were not
developed in the trial record or the fact that Mola’s understanding of what he
considered to be important cases was flawed. Mola has not demonstrated his
appellate counsel was ineffective. See Timberlake v. State, 753 N.E.2d 591, 606
(Ind. 2001) (“‘a defendant must show from the information available in the trial
record or otherwise known to appellate counsel that appellate counsel failed to
present a significant and obvious issue and that this failure cannot be explained
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 20 of 24
by any reasonable strategy’”) (citation omitted), reh’g denied, cert. denied 537 U.S.
839 (2002).
5. Court of Appeals Decision on Direct Appeal
[29] When considering whether to revisit an earlier holding of this court, we apply
the law of the case doctrine. State v. Huffman, 643 N.E.2d 899, 901 (Ind. 1994),
reh’g denied. In Huffman, our Indiana Supreme Court explained:
The law of the case doctrine mandates that an appellate court’s
determination of a legal issue binds both the trial court and the
court on appeal in any subsequent appeal involving the same case
and relevantly similar facts. The doctrine’s admittedly important
purpose is to minimize unnecessary relitigation of the legal issues
once they have been resolved by an appellate court.
With due respect for the doctrine of res judicata this Court has
always maintained the option of reconsidering earlier cases in
order to correct error. A court has the power to revisit prior
decisions of its own or of a coordinate court in any circumstance,
although as a rule courts should be loathe to do so in the absence
of extraordinary circumstances such as where the initial decision
was clearly erroneous and would work manifest injustice.
Id. (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
[30] On direct appeal, Mola argued “the trial court abused its discretion when it
denied Mola’s proposed jury instruction on the lesser-included offense of
involuntary manslaughter.” Mola, 964 N.E.2d 316 at *1. Mola argued “there
was a serious evidentiary dispute as to whether Mola intended to kill or merely
batter Elkins.” Id. at *2. We held the trial court did not abuse its discretion
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 21 of 24
when it denied Mola’s proposed jury instruction on involuntary manslaughter
because there was no serious evidentiary dispute regarding Mola’s intent based
on case law stating “[k]nowing or intentional killing may be inferred from the
use of a deadly weapon in a manner likely to cause death or great bodily
injury.” Id. at *3. The evidence during Mola’s trial showed that,
after Elkins pushed Mola’s barstool on his way to the parking lot,
Mola deliberately loaded a round in his handgun in order to
prepare it for shooting and ran after Elkins while brandishing the
weapon. On his way outside, Mola resisted a bar employee’s
efforts to discourage him from pursuing Elkins. Once Mola saw
Elkins standing by Bannister’s vehicle in the parking lot, Mola
pointed the handgun at Elkins and confronted Elkins by yelling,
“[H]ey[,] [m*f*].” After Elkins asked Mola whether he was
going to shoot him, Mola fired his gun twice at Elkins who was
unarmed. The two shots were fired in “rapid” succession, and
five witnesses testified that Elkins never advanced toward Mola
before he fired the second shot.
Both bullets struck Elkins in his abdomen, an area of the body
that Mola testified he knew contained many vital organs, and
Elkins died from the gunshot wounds. After the police arrived,
Mola asked for the return of his own gun so that he could shoot
himself because he did not want to go to jail. Mola told officers
that he knew the shooting was not justified. While Mola testified
that he never intended to kill Elkins, “[a] verbal denial of the
requisite criminal intent does not ipso facto create a ‘serious
evidentiary dispute.’”
Id. (internal citations omitted).
[31] Mola argues his case meets the extraordinary circumstances as stated in
Huffman, as our court’s decision on his direct appeal was “clearly erroneous
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 22 of 24
and constitutes manifest injustice,” (Amended Br. of Appellant at 53), because
“the record reflected sufficient evidence from which a jury could reasonably
infer that Mola did not intentionally or knowingly kill Elkins. Clearly,
believing all or even some of the aforementioned evidence would have militated
against a conclusion of an intentional or knowing killing.” (Id. at 52.)
[32] The post-conviction court concluded, “Mola’s final claim that the appellate
court decided his appeal incorrectly and manifest injustice requires he should
have a new trial is frivolous.” (App. Vol. V at 89.) We agree. Mola’s claim on
appeal of the denial of his petition for post-conviction relief asks our court to
reweigh evidence and judge the credibility of witnesses, which we cannot do in
any relevant context. See Mahone, 742 N.E.2d at 984 (appellate court does not
reweigh evidence on appeal from the denial of a post-conviction proceeding);
see also Drane v. State, 867 N.E.2d 144, 146 (Ind. 2007) (appellate court will not
reweigh evidence in criminal appeal). There exist here no extraordinary
circumstances from which manifest injustice would result.
Conclusion
[33] The post-conviction court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Mola’s
request to hire a toxicologist at public expense because any testimony elicited
from the toxicologist would be cumulative. Mola has waived his argument
regarding the post-conviction court’s denial of his request to admit a medication
guide for Prozac because he did not properly support his argument as required
in the Indiana Rules of Appellate Procedure. Additionally, Mola has not
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 23 of 24
demonstrated he received ineffective assistance of trial or appellate counsel.
Finally, he is not entitled to review of our decision in his direct appeal.
Accordingly, we affirm the decision of the post-conviction court.
[34] Affirmed.
Barnes, J., and Bradford, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-PC-1911 | November 9, 2017 Page 24 of 24