James A. Camp v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.) ( 2019 )

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be Aug 05 2019, 5:32 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
court except for the purpose of establishing Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Daniel J. Vanderpool Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Vanderpool Law Firm, PC Attorney General of Indiana
Warsaw, Indiana
Sierra A. Murray
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
James A. Camp, August 5, 2019
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
19A-CR-25
v. Appeal from the
Wabash Circuit Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable
Appellee-Plaintiff. Robert R. McCallen III, Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
85C01-1705-F1-585
Kirsch, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-25 | August 5, 2019 Page 1 of 18
[1] James A. Camp (“Camp”) was convicted of child molesting as a Level 1
felony,1 child molesting as a Level 4 felony,2 and attempted child molesting as a
Level 1 felony.3 He raises two issues, which we restate as:
I. Whether sufficient evidence was presented to support his
conviction for child molesting as a Level 1 felony because, he
contends, there was no evidence that he actually touched the sex
organ of the victim; and
II. Whether his aggregate sentence of forty years is inappropriate.
[2] We affirm in part and reverse in part.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] E.S., E.K., J.K., and A.M. (collectively, “the children”) were friends who
attended Shady Creek Elementary School near the small town of Lagro,
Indiana. Tr. Vol. 2 at 40-42, 125, 127-28, 179. A.M. was nine years old as was
J.K., who is the younger brother of E.K, age eleven. Id. at 39-40, 48, 129, 179,
230-32. E.S. was nine years old. Id. at 151. Camp, age fifty-three, and his wife
Debra, age fifty-six, also lived in Lagro and regularly let the children visit their
home where the children would eat, watch movies, and play with Camp’s drum
1
See Ind. Code § 35-42-4-3(a)(1).
2
See Ind. Code § 35-42-4-3(b).
3
See Ind. Code § 35-41-5-1(a); Ind. Code § 35-42-4-3(a)(1).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-25 | August 5, 2019 Page 2 of 18
set and action figures. Id. at 46-50, 131-34, 138. E.S., E.K., and J.K.
occasionally spent the night at Camp’s home. Id. at 144, 190.
[4] Camp is mentally impaired and suffers from several illnesses. He suffered two
traumatic brain injuries as a child, one as an infant and the other as a high
school freshman; the second injury put Camp into a coma for two weeks. Tr.
Vol. 3 at 129-30. He did not complete high school or obtain a G.E.D. Id. at
119. Camp’s I.Q. of 79 places him in the bottom five percent of the population.
Tr. Vol. 4 at 47-48. Camp’s cognitive problems include a poor short-term
memory. Id. at 43. Camp suffers from depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and
diabetes. Tr. Vol. 3 at 176; Tr. Vol. 4 at 195-96. Camp’s only prior conviction
was for driving while suspended, a Class A misdemeanor. Tr. Vol. 4 at 196.
Camp does not work and receives a monthly disability check. Tr. Vol. 3 at 186-
88.
[5] On May 15, 2017, the children gathered to play at E.S.’s home. Tr. Vol. 2 at 57-
58. J.K. left the home for a few minutes, and A.M., E.S., and E.K.
(collectively, “the girls”) walked to the grounds of the nearby church for a water
fight. Id. at 57-59. Once the girls were soaked, they stopped the water fight,
and J.K. rejoined them a few minutes later. Id. at 60-61. The children walked
to Camp’s home, which was only one-half block away, and Camp let them
come inside. Id. at 61-63. Camp was alone because Debra was at work. Id. at
63. Camp told the girls to change, gave them dry towels, and put their wet
clothes in the dryer. Id. at 64-66. The girls changed in the bedroom, returned
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to the living room wrapped in towels, and sat on the couch with Camp. Id. at
66-68. J.K. sat on the floor. Id. at 67.
[6] Camp let one of the girls put in a videotaped pornographic film, Not the Wizard
of Oz. Id. at 67-68. During the movie, Camp reached under A.M.’s towel and
rubbed her breasts and vagina. Id. at 69-73. A.M. was uncomfortable, so she
moved away from Camp. Id. at 74. Camp pulled down his pants and showed
the children his penis. Id. at 201. A.M. “triple-dog dared” Camp to do
something to her that was depicted in the pornographic movie. Id. at 196-97;
Tr. Vol. 3 at 155-57. A.M., E.K., and E.S. went into the bedroom, and Camp
followed them in. Tr. Vol. 2 at 77. J.K. stayed in the living room. Id.[7] While in the bedroom, Camp again rubbed A.M.’s vagina. Id. at 77-78. E.S.
“double-dog-dared” Camp to lick A.M.’s vagina. Id. at 80-81. Camp then put
his head between A.M.’s legs and licked the bare skin of her vagina. Id. at 79-
80; Tr. Vol. 3 at 208-09. Camp returned to the living room, and the dryer
indicated that the girls’ clothes were done. Tr. Vol. 2 at 82. The girls put their
clothes back on, and all the children left Camp’s home. Id. at 82-83.
[8] The next day, E.S.’s mother and A.M.’s mother approached Camp’s home to
confront him. Tr. Vol. 3 at 171, 216. E.S.’s mother was carrying a gun, and
A.M.’s mother was carrying a baseball bat. Id. After observing the women
approaching, Camp called the police, stating he needed to speak to someone
because he had done something wrong. Id. Officer Ryan Chambers (“Officer
Chambers”) arrived at Camp’s home, and, soon after, Camp voluntarily
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accompanied Officer Chambers to the Sheriff’s Department to speak with
Detective Mike Davis (“Detective Davis”). Id. at 49-50, 74, 172. During the
interview with Detective Davis, Camp stated that the kids “threw [him] under
the bus.” Id. at 223.
[9] On May 22, 2017, the State charged Camp with Count I, child molesting, a
Level 1 felony; Count II, child molesting, a Level 4 felony, and Count III,
performing sexual conduct in the presence of a minor, a Level 6 felony.
Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 22. The State later moved to dismiss Count III and
moved to add a new Count III, attempted child molesting, a Level 1 felony. Id.
at 58-62. The trial court granted the State’s requests. Id. at 8-9, 65.
[10] The jury trial began on November 7, 2018, and the jury found Camp guilty of
all counts. Tr. Vol. 2 at 2; Tr. Vol. 4 at 179. At the December 7, 2018 sentencing
hearing, Camp expressed remorse:
Q. If [the children] were here, what would you like to say to
them? There are family members here.
A. There’s are - there are family members here and I would just
like to say I’m sorry. It should have never happened. I know
that. I’ve spent the last year and seven months in jail thinking
about what happened. I am sorry. I can’t take it back. I wish I
could. But I am very sorry. I am sorry.
Q. Okay. Are you, uh, are you sorry that you’re going to
prison?
A. No. (Inaudible).
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Q. What do you mean?
A. I - I - I deserve to go to prison. I mean I - I - I’m guilty. I’m -
I’m - I need to go.
Q. Okay.
A. For what I did.
Tr. Vol. 4 at 203-04.
[11] The trial court found two aggravating factors: (1) Camp lured A.M. into the
bedroom by showing her a pornographic movie; and (2) Camp attempted to
justify his actions at trial by a child’s dare and by testifying that he was “thrown
under the bus.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 20. The trial court found three
mitigating factors: (1) Camp’s diminished mental capacity; (2) his minimal
criminal history; and (3) his poor health. Id. The trial court imposed
concurrent sentences of forty years with three years suspended for Count I,
child molesting as a Level 1 felony, and eight years for Count II, child
molesting as a Level 4 felony. Id. at 21. It vacated Count III, attempted child
molesting, due to double jeopardy concerns. Id. at 20. Camp now appeals. We
will provide additional facts as necessary.
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Discussion and Decision
I. Sufficiency of Evidence
[12] Camp argues that the State failed to present sufficient evidence to support his
conviction for child molesting as a Level 1 felony because the State failed to
show that Camp and A.M. engaged in “other sexual conduct,” i.e., “an act
involving: (1) a sex organ of one (1) person and the mouth or anus of another
person.” See Ind. Code § 35-42-4-3(a)(1); Ind. Code § 35-31.5-2-221.5. More
specifically, Camp maintains that the State’s evidence established, at most, that
he licked A.M.’s “vaginal area,” not her actual vagina. Appellant’s Br. at 18-20.
[13] When we review the sufficiency of the evidence, we do not reweigh the
evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. McHenry v. State, 820 N.E.2d
124, 126 (Ind. 2005). Rather, we will affirm a conviction if we find that any
reasonable factfinder could find a defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt
when considering all the facts and inferences that favor the conviction. Bailey v.
State, 907 N.E.2d 1003, 1005 (Ind. 2009). The evidence need not exclude every
reasonable hypothesis of innocence, but it must support a reasonable inference
of guilt to support the verdict. Drane v. State, 867 N.E.2d 144, 146-47 (Ind.
2007).
[14] Camp maintains that the State proved only that he licked A.M.’s “vaginal
area.” Appellant’s Br. at 18-20. Camp correctly observes that during cross-
examination, A.M. testified that Camp “licked on the side of her vagina” and
“two centimeters” to the side of her vagina. Tr. Vol. 2 at 98, 103-04. This
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testimony does not prove, he contends, that he committed an act involving his
mouth and A.M.’s sex organ. See I.C. § 35-31.5-2-221.5.
[15] Camp, however, ignores the evidence that supports his conviction, and, thus, he
asks us to reweigh the evidence, which our standard of review does not allow.
See McHenry, 820 N.E.2d at 126. The evidence supporting the conviction
included A.M.’s testimony. The following exchange between the prosecutor
and A.M. established sufficient evidence for Camp’s Level 1 felony child
molesting conviction:
Q. [B]ut where, exactly, was he licking you at?
A. Um, right here.
Q. Okay. Was it directly on your vagina?
A. Yes.
Tr. Vol. 2 at 79-80. Moreover, Camp’s own testimony showed that he
committed Level 1 felony child molesting. He stated, “I put my mouth on [the]
upper part of her vagina.” Tr. Vol. 3 at 209.
[16] Finally, even if the State only proved that Camp licked A.M.’s vaginal area,
such evidence would support Camp’s conviction. As we said in Bear v.
State,“[I]t defies common sense that the legislature intended to criminalize the
oral stimulation of the vagina without also criminalizing the oral stimulation of
the vaginal area.” 772 N.E.2d 413, 425 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002), overruled on other
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-25 | August 5, 2019 Page 8 of 18
grounds by 784 N.E.2d 459 (Ind. 2003), trans. denied. Accordingly, the State
presented sufficient evidence that Camp engaged in an act involving his mouth
and A.M.’s sex organ and thereby presented sufficient evidence to support
Camp’s conviction for child molesting as a Level 1 felony. See I.C. § 35-31.5-2-
221.5; I.C. § 35-42-4-3(a)(1).
II. Sentencing
[17] Camp argues that his aggregate sentence of forty years is inappropriate. He
correctly notes that his forty-year sentence for Level 1 felony child molesting is
ten years more than the advisory sentence for Level 1 felonies and that his
eight-year sentence for Level 4 felony child molesting is two years more than
the advisory sentence for a Level 4 felony. See Ind. Code § 35-50-2-4(c); Ind.
Code § 35-50-2-5.5. Camp is also correct that his conviction for Level 1 felony
child molesting makes him a credit restricted felon, meaning he will receive one
day of credit for each six days that he serves on that conviction. See Ind. Code §
35-50-6-3.1(d); Ind. Code. § 35-50-6-4(c); Ind. Code § 35-31.5-2-72(1).
[18] Under Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B), we may revise a sentence if we find the
sentence is inappropriate considering the nature of the offense and the character
of the offender. Anglemyer v. State, 868 N.E.2d 482, 491 (Ind. 2007), clarified on
reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218 (2007). The “nature of offense” compares the defendant’s
actions with the required showing to sustain a conviction under the charged
offense, Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1224 (Ind. 2008), while the
“character of the offender” permits a broader consideration of the defendant’s
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character. Anderson v. State, 989 N.E.2d 823, 827 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans.
denied. Whether a sentence is inappropriate turns on our sense of the culpability
of the defendant, the severity of the crime, the damage done to others, and
other factors that come to light in a given case. Cardwell, 895 N.E.2d at 1224.
[19] We defer to the trial court’s decision, and our goal is to determine whether the
appellant’s sentence is inappropriate, not whether some other sentence would
be more appropriate. Conley v. State, 972 N.E.2d 864, 876 (Ind. 2012). We seek
to leaven the outliers, not to achieve a perceived correct result. Cardwell, 895
N.E.2d at 1225. While we must consider both the nature of the offense and the
character of the offender, a defendant need not necessarily prove both prongs
for us to find a sentence inappropriate. Connor v. State, 58 N.E.3d 215, 218-19
(Ind. Ct. App. 2016).
[20] Camp first argues that his sentence is inappropriate because while the nature of
his offense was both immoral and illegal, his behavior was not the “worst of the
worst,” partly because E.S. and A.M. goaded him into committing his crimes.
Appellant’s Br. at 18. In support, he cites the fact that A.M. “triple-dog dared”
him to do something to her that was depicted in the pornographic movie and
that E.S. “double-dog-dared” Camp to lick A.M.’s vagina. Id. at 80-81, 196-97;
Tr. Vol. 3 at 155-57. He also tries to minimize the nature of his offense by
claiming that neither act of molestation involved penetration and that his
contact with A.M.’s body was momentary.
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[21] We are unpersuaded that the nature of Camp’s offense justifies a sentence
reduction. However, as we explain below, we find that Camp’s aggregate
sentence of forty years is inappropriate in light of his character.
[22] First, we are convinced that Camp’s intellectual limitations, poor judgment,
and mental illnesses reduces Camp’s culpability for his crimes. See Cardwell,
895 N.E.2d at 1224. Camp is intellectually impaired and suffers from several
mental illnesses. He suffered two traumatic brain injuries as a child, one as an
infant and the other as a high school freshman; the second injury put Camp into
a coma for two weeks. Tr. Vol. 3 at 129-30. Camp was not able to complete
high school, even though he took remedial courses, and did not obtain a
G.E.D. Id. at 119. His I.Q. of 79 places him in the bottom five percent of the
population. Tr. Vol. 4 at 47-48. Camp has been diagnosed with cognitive
disorder NOS, which impairs thinking, cognitive ability, executive function,
and judgment. Id. at 48, 50-51. According to Dr. Andrew Yoder (“Dr.
Yoder”), a psychologist who examined Camp to determine if he was competent
to stand trial, Camp manifested his poor judgment during the evaluation. Id. at
37, 48. As Camp recounted the incident with A.M., Camp tried to show his
penis to Dr. Yoder to explain that his penis did not work “properly.” Id. at 48.
Camp’s impaired judgment was also apparent when he testified that one of the
reasons he molested A.M. was because both A.M. and E.S. “double-dog dared”
and “triple-dog dared” Camp to engage in sexual conduct with A.M. Tr. Vol. 2
at 79-81, 196-97; Tr. Vol. 3 at 155-57; 208-09. When Camp’s attorney asked
Camp about the significance of being “triple-dog dared,” Camp responded, “If
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you don’t do it, you’re a worthless piece of shit.” Tr. Vol. 3 at 153. Besides
these cognitive limitations, Camp suffers from mental illness, including
depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Tr. Vol. 3 at 176; Tr. Vol. 4 at 195-96.
These cognitive disabilities and mental illnesses lessen Camp’s culpability for
his crimes. Cf. Young v. State, 696 N.E.2d 386, 391 (Ind. 1998) (sentence
manifestly unreasonable where trial court failed to consider defendant’s mental
disabilities).
[23] Second, we find that Camp’s expression of remorse reflects well on his
character. At the sentencing hearing, Camp testified: “It should have never
happened. I know that. I’ve spent the last year and seven months in jail
thinking about what happened. I am sorry. I can’t take it back.” Tr. Vol. 4 at
203-04. Camp even said he was not sorry that he would be incarcerated
because he deserved to be punished: “I - I - I deserve to go to prison. I mean I -
I - I’m guilty. I’m - I’m - I need to go. . . [f]or what I did.” Id. at 204. See
McFall v. State, 71 N.E.3d 383, 390 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017) (defendant’s expression
of remorse reflected positively on her character). Third, Camp’s insignificant
prior criminal record, one misdemeanor conviction for driving while
suspended, provides another basis to find that his sentence is inappropriate. Tr.
Vol. 4 at 196; See Sanchez v. State, 938 N.E,2d 720, 722 (Ind. 2010) (lack of
extensive criminal record supported finding that sentence was inappropriate).
[24] Therefore, we find that in light of Camp’s character, his aggregate sentence of
forty years is inappropriate, and we thus invoke our authority under Indiana
Appellate Rule 7(B) to reduce his sentence for child molesting as a Level 1
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felony from forty years to thirty years. See Conner, 58 N.E.3d at 218-19 (a
defendant need not necessarily prove both prongs for us to find a sentence
inappropriate). We leave undisturbed the trial court’s decision to suspend three
years of Camp’s sentence for Level 1 felony child molesting and its decision to
run the sentences for both of Camp’s convictions concurrently.
[25] Affirmed in part and reversed in part.
Vaidik, C.J., concurs.
Altice, J., concurs in part and dissents in part with separate opinion.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-25 | August 5, 2019 Page 13 of 18
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
James A. Camp, Court of Appeals Case No.
19A-CR-25
Appellant-Defendant,
v.
State of Indiana,
Appellee-Plaintiff
Alice, Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part.
[26] I fully concur with the majority’s sufficiency determination. But, with respect
to sentencing, I cannot agree that Camp’s forty-year sentence for Level 1 felony
child molesting is an outlier or that a reduced advisory sentence is appropriate.
[27] The nature of the crime is particularly aggravating. Camp welcomed four
children – three nine-year olds and an eleven-year old – into his home. All but
A.M. were regular visitors. He assisted the three girls in getting out of their wet
clothes and gave them either large shirts or towels to cover up with while their
clothes were drying. Shortly thereafter, he gathered with the children and
played a pornographic movie with a child-like theme. Camp had recently
added this to his collection of pornographic movies, and he had shown it to
E.S. and/or E.K. in the preceding two weeks.
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[28] While watching the movie on this occasion, Camp reached under A.M.’s
towel/shirt multiple times and touched her bare skin, including her breast and
vagina. This made nine-year-old A.M. uncomfortable. Camp also fast-
forwarded through parts of the movie and stopped on a scene where “Dorothy
was giving the Oz a blowjob.” Transcript Vol. 3 at 154. Around this point,
Camp pulled his penis out of his pajama pants so that A.M., who was sitting
near him, could see it. Camp then stopped on a scene were “OZ [was] having
oral sex with Glenda.” Id. at 155.
[29] A.M. moved away from Camp and eventually went into the bedroom. Camp
followed shortly thereafter. There may have been some double- or even triple-
dog daring, but that is beside the point. Fifty-three-year-old Camp went into
the bedroom, rubbed A.M.’s vagina, and then began licking her vagina. E.S.
testified that she watched for four or five minutes as Camp was “[l]icking
[A.M.’s] coochy.” Transcript Vol. 2 at 149. E.S. was “freaking out in [her]
mind” watching this. Id. at 150. When the dryer signaled that the clothes were
dry, the children changed and left Camp’s home.
[30] When A.M.’s mother picked her up from E.S.’s home that night, A.M.
immediately told her mother that Camp had touched her inappropriately. As a
result of this abuse, A.M. suffered terrifying nightmares and began wetting the
bed, which she had not done for years. As found by the majority, nothing
about the nature of Camp’s offenses justifies a sentence reduction.
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[31] Turning to Camp’s character, I am of the impression that, while he certainly
has mental health issues, those have been greatly exaggerated. First, he does
not suffer from schizophrenia. The record establishes only that he has
depression, anxiety, and cognitive disorder NOS.4 His cognitive disability
primarily manifests as issues with short-term memory.
[32] Although Camp does not work and is on disability, this is due to complications
from his diabetes, not his mental health. In fact, Camp has a prior history of
employment, working in a dangerous foundry position for about thirteen years
before the facility closed. Additionally, despite his brain injury during his
freshman year, Camp came close to graduating from high school – only three
credits short because he had a disagreement with the “woods teacher”.
Transcript Vol. 3 at 183. In other words, Camp was able to complete high
school, he just decided not to.
[33] The majority notes that Camp has an IQ of 79, which places him in the bottom
five percent of the population. A review of the competency evaluation
completed by Dr. Yoder for trial, however, reveals that Camp’s actual IQ may
be higher than reported. Dr. Yoder notes in his summary: “The defendant’s
Full Scale WASI-II IQ score was at the high end of the Borderline range and he
seemed to give intermittent effort on the tasks which may indicate that his
scores were a low estimate of his current cognitive abilities.” Appellant’s
4
Dr. Yoder testified that cognitive disorder NOS “could be a range of things” associated with some form of
impairment associated with thinking and cognitive ability. Transcript Vol. 4 at 50.
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Appendix Vol. III at 8-9. Dr. Yoder made similar observations with regard to
other test results:
Data from the MMPI-2-RF were uninterpretable due to the
defendant’s response style that was highly suggestive of over-
reporting and unusual even for those who have severe and
genuine psychopathology.
****
There were some indications from testing performance that Mr.
Camp may have attempted to present as being less capable and in
greater distress than what may be accurate upon more objective
review. Mr. Camp endorsed items related to neurological
functioning on the ECST-R to trigger the “feigning competency-
related impairment.” … Mr. Camp’s performance on the
RBANS Digit Span subtest raises concerns about his effort based
on research that supports possible malingering for performances
such as his.
Id. at 8.
[34] The trial court considered Camp’s diminished mental capacity (and his minimal
criminal history) as a mitigating circumstance in arriving at the sentence
imposed. I am not convinced that Camp was deserving of more mitigation for
this factor than that given by the trial court.
[35] Finally, while Camp expressed remorse, he repeatedly attempted to shift blame
to the children and mitigate his culpability before and during the jury trial. He
complained to the investigating officer that the children were throwing him
under the bus, and Camp indicated at trial that each of his poor decisions was
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the result of being dared by one or more of the children. Camp claimed at trial
that on the day in question he did not understand that what he did to A.M. was
wrong and that he “had a lapse in judgment on that day, that one day, and only
that one day.” Transcript Vol. 3 at 214. Camp continued, “On that particular
day, it just didn’t register [that what he was doing was against the law].” Id. at
239. On this record, Camp’s remorse rings hollow.
[36] I would uphold the partially-aggravated, concurrent sentences imposed by the
trial court as not inappropriate.
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