Robert Whipple v. State of Indiana ( 2014 )

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing Mar 31 2014, 8:10 am
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
MICHAEL FRISCHKORN GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Fortville, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
JODI KATHRYN STEIN
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
ROBERT WHIPPLE, )
)
Appellant-Defendant, )
)
vs. ) No. 48A02-1306-CR-537
)
STATE OF INDIANA, )
)
Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE MADISON CIRCUIT COURT
The Honorable Dennis Carroll, Judge
Cause No. 48C06-1204-FA-655
March 31, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION
RILEY, Judge
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Appellant-Defendant, Robert Whipple (Whipple), appeals his conviction for Count
I and II, child molesting, Class A felonies, Ind. Code § 35–42-4-3(a); and Count III, child
molesting, a Class C felony, I.C. § 35–42-4-3(b).
We affirm.
ISSUES
Whipple raises four issues on appeal which we restate as follows:
(1) Whether the trial court properly denied Whipple’s motion for a directed verdict;
(2) Whether there was sufficient evidence to convict Whipple for two Counts of
child molesting, as a Class A felony, and as a C felony;
(3) Whether the trial court properly denied Whipple’s motion for a mistrial; and
(4) Whether Whipple’s conviction constitutes double jeopardy.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
D.H., was born on December 27, 1996. D.H.’s mother used to work at night, and
had made arrangements to drop D.H. off at her grandmother’s (Grandmother) house every
evening before going to work. Grandmother was married to Whipple, and they lived
together. Although Whipple was D.H.’s step-grandfather, D.H. had known Whipple ever
since she was three or four years old, and D.H. was very fond of him.
Most nights that D.H.’s mother dropped off D.H. at Grandmother’s house, D.H. was
left alone with Whipple because Grandmother worked late. Routinely, D.H. would take a
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shower in the bathroom located in the basement before Grandmother got home, and when
Grandmother arrived, she would help D.H. with her homework. After D.H. showered,
Whipple would rub “powder” on her body with a powder puff. (Transcript pp. 222-23).
However, Whipple’s mode of powdering D.H. became more “firm” overtime. (Tr. p. 222).
D.H. understood that, it was wrong for Whipple to do that but was too scared to tell him to
stop. Also, on various occasions, Whipple inserted his fingers into D.H.’s vagina.
On or between December 2009 and February 2010, D.H.’s mother dropped D.H. at
Grandmother’s house. D.H. wanted to take a shower. However, Whipple told D.H. that
the shower in the basement was broken, therefore she should use the upstairs bathroom.
D.H. went upstairs, laid out her clothes in the spare bedroom, and took a shower. When
D.H. came out of the bathroom, she went back to the spare bedroom and found her clothes
were missing. D.H. asked Whipple where her clothes were, and Whipple told D.H. that
her clothes were on his bed. D.H. went into Whipple’s bedroom and Whipple followed
her and shut the door. Thereafter, Whipple asked D.H. to take off her towel, he pushed
D.H. onto the bed, opened her legs, and inserted his penis into her vagina. D.H. cried and
screamed for Whipple to stop, but he placed his hand over her mouth. Whipple then
threatened D.H. that he would kill her mother if she told anyone. Each time Whipple
molested D.H., he warned her not to tell anyone. D.H. never disclosed this to anyone
except to her friend. It was D.H.’s friend who encouraged her to talk to someone. In
August 2010, D.H. revealed to her therapist that Whipple had molested her. D.H.’s
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therapist informed D.H.’s mother and D.H.’s mother reported the matter to the Anderson
Police Station.
On April 10, 2012, the State filed an Information charging Whipple with two counts
of Class A felony child molesting, and one count of Class C felony, child molesting. On
May 2, 2013, the jury found Whipple guilty as charged. On May 24, 2013, the trial court
sentenced Whipple to concurrent sentences of thirty-five years on Count I, thirty-five years
on Count II, and two years on Count III.
Whipple now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
I. Denial of Whipple’s Motion for Directed Verdict
At the close of the State’s evidence, Whipple moved for a directed verdict based on
the fact that the State failed to establish that he was at least twenty-one years old.
A trial court appropriately grants a motion for a directed verdict when there is a total
lack of evidence regarding an essential element of the crime or when the evidence is
without conflict and susceptible only to an inference in favor of the defendant’s innocence.
McClendon v. State, 910 N.E.2d 826, 836 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied. If the
evidence is sufficient to sustain a conviction upon appeal, then a motion for a directed
verdict is properly denied; thus, our standard of review is essentially the same as that upon
a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. Id. We neither reweigh evidence nor judge
witness credibility, but consider only the evidence that supports the conviction and the
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reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom in order to determine whether there is
substantial evidence of probative value from which a reasonable fact finder could have
drawn the conclusion that the defendant was guilty of the crime charged beyond a
reasonable doubt. Id.The offense of child molesting as a Class A felony is set forth in I.C. § 35–42-4-
3(a), which provides in relevant part:
A person who, with a child under fourteen (14) years of age, performs or submits to
sexual intercourse or deviate sexual conduct commits child molesting ... a Class A
felony if ... it is committed by a person at least twenty-one (21) years of age[.]
Here, Whipple contends that the State failed to prove that he was at least twenty-
one years old. While it is undisputed that no evidence was presented at trial to show
Whipple’s age, we find that circumstantial evidence provided a reasonable inference to the
jury to come to reach the conclusion that Whipple was at least twenty one years old. First,
we note that the trial court took “judicial notice” of Whipple’s age as being “late 70’s.”
(Tr. p. 391). The trial court also stated that “no one could mistake [Whipple] for a person
under [twenty-one] years of age.” (Tr. p. 392).
Moreover, at trial, D.H. testified that she remembered Whipple being her step-
grandfather from the age of three or four. We also agree with the State’s line of thought
that D.H. must have known Whipple for at least ten years. We also agree with the State’s
argument that “[]for [Whipple] to have not reached the age of twenty-one by 2009,
[Whipple] would have [been] eleven years old in 1999 or 2000 when D.H. was three or
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four years old. There is nothing to suggest that D.H.’s grandmother married a pre-
pubescent boy.” (State’s Br. p. 10)
In addition, we find that Whipple doesn’t dispute the trial court’s finding that from
his appearance, he was seventy years old. In fact, Whipple agrees with the holding in
Staton v. State, 853 N.E.2d 470, 471 (Ind. 2006), that the age of a defendant may be proved
by circumstantial evidence. In this regard, we conclude that that the circumstantial
evidence was sufficient in the instant case to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Whipple
was at least twenty-one years old. Therefore, we find that the key element of the crime
was satisfactorily established by the State to support the two Class A felony convictions.
We find no error here.
II. Sufficiency of the Evidence
Whipple next contends that there was insufficient evidence to convict him of one
Count of child molesting as a Class A felony, and one Count of child molesting as a class
C felony. In addressing a claim of insufficient evidence, we do not reweigh the evidence
nor do we reevaluate the credibility of the witnesses. Rohr v. State, 866 N.E.2d 242, 248
(Ind. 2007), reh’g denied. We view the evidence most favorable to the verdict and the
reasonable inferences therefrom and will affirm the convictions if there is substantial
evidence of probative value from which a reasonable jury could find the defendant guilty
beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.A. Child Molesting, a Class A felony
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Whipple contends that the State failed to show that he “perform[ed] or submit[ed]
…deviate sexual conduct” with a child under the age of fourteen. See I.C. § 35–42–4–3(a).
Whipple specifically argues that State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he
committed the deviate sexual conduct on or between December 20, 2009 and February 1,
2010. He also argues that the “molestation that occurred in the time period …consisted
[of] Whipple’s penis but not his finger.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 11).
Our review of the record reveals otherwise. During the State’s case-in-chief, D.H.
testified as follows:
[State]: Had he ever done anything to you prior to that time other than to powder
you all over your body?
[D.H.]: Um, he really had just started out with the powdering and then it went to
him using his fingers on me.
[State]: What did he do with his fingers?
[D.H.]: He put them in my vagina.
[State]: Did you realize at the time what it was?
[D.H.]: No because I was young, I never knew anything about anything like that
[State]: What did you tell him when he did that to you [?]
[D.H.]: I told him to stop and I told him it hurt…
***
[State]: [] Okay. Now how many times did [Whipple]…molest you?
[D.H.]: I don’t know the exact amount. Every time I went there, it was like [fifteen]
to [twenty] times.
[State]: Okay, would it always be with his finger?
[D.H.]: It was always with his penis after the finger…
(Tr. p. 226).
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Applying the statute to the testimony of D.H., we find that the evidence is sufficient
to sustain a conviction for child molesting based on deviate sexual conduct. We have held
that a victim’s testimony, even if uncorroborated, is ordinarily sufficient to sustain a
conviction for child molesting. Bowles v. State, 737 N.E.2d 1150, 1152 (Ind. 2000). Upon
testifying that Whipple inserted his finger into her “vagina,” and that it was “always with
his penis after the finger,” D.H. provided information which led the jury to come to a
reasonable conclusion that Whipple had inserted his finger into her vagina. We therefore
find that the evidence was sufficient to sustain Whipple’s conviction for Count II, child
molesting based upon deviate sexual conduct.
Next, Whipple states that “based upon the evidence presented, the jury could not
have determined that the charged crime of Class A felony [child molesting] by sexual
deviate conduct occurred during the time period alleged by the State.” (Appellant’s Br. p.
11). Our review of the record shows that D.H.’s entire testimony was not supported by
specific dates. However, this court has held that “time is not of the essence in the crime of
child molesting.” Barber v. State, 870 N.E. 2d 486, 492 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). In Barber,
we explained that “[i]t is difficult for children to remember specific dates, particularly
when the incident is not immediately reported as is often the situation in child molesting
cases.” Id. “The exact date becomes important only in limited circumstances, including
the case where the victim’s age at the time of the offense falls at or near the dividing line
between classes of felonies.” Id.8
In determining whether there was an issue where D.H.’s age fell at or near the
dividing line, the record shows that D.H. was born in December 26, 1996. This meant that
D.H. was thirteen years old between December 2009 and February 2010 when the
molesting occurred. Based on the foregoing, we find that the evidence presented at trial
was sufficient to sustain Whipple’s conviction for Count II, child molesting based upon
deviate sexual conduct.
B. Child Molesting, a Class C Felony
Next, Whipple argues the State’s evidence was insufficient because “it does not
appear from D.H.’s testimony that [he] touched or powdered her on the occasion that he
had allegedly engaged in sexual intercourse with [D.H.] during the forty-four day period
between December 20, 2009 and February 1, 2010.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 12).
To convict Whipple of Class C felony child molesting, the State had to prove that
Whipple, “perform[ed] or submit[ted] to any fondling or touching, of either the child or the
older person, with intent to arouse or to satisfy the sexual desires of either the child or the
older person.” I.C. § 35–42–4–3(b).
Whipple does not argue that the State failed to prove the elements of the Class C
felony conviction, he only argues that it is not clear whether the child molesting took place
between December 20, 2009 and February 1, 2010. We disagree. The record reveals that
there was sufficient evidence to establish that child molesting took place in that period of
time. At trial, D.H. testified as follows:
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[State]: Tell us how your relationship was with [Whipple]?
[D.H]: Um, we were really close. We did like everything together …
[State]: Until when?
[D.H.]: Until 2009, 2010.
[State]: What happened that period of time?
[D.H.]: Um, he molested me and took advantage of me.
***
[State]: …When was the first time you [believed] in your own mind that something
had gone wrong with your relationship with [Whipple]…[?]
[D.H.]: He always used to rub powder on me with like a powder puff… he was
[then] firm with me that’s when I knew something was wrong.
***
[State] …the touching and powdering, when did it start?
[D.H.]: Uh, he used to do it … ever since I was little, he’s always done it, but []
like I said [, he] was more firm about it [and] that’s when I got scared and knew
something was wrong with it.
[State]: Did the powdering lead to anything else?
[D.H.]: Yes.
[State]: Tell us what happened [?]
[D.H.]: Um, well, the powdering happened a couple of times and then it led to other
things…
(Tr. pp. 222-23). Looking at the above excerpt, D.H. was not specific as to the dates when
Whipple molested her. However, we find that there was enough circumstantial evidence
to support the finding that the child molesting did occur during that period of time. At trial,
D.H. testified that she had a good relationship with Whipple until “2009, 2010.” Her
testimony was consistent at trial that the powdering was a normal thing ever since she was
young, but when Whipple started rubbing powder on her in a “firm” manner, she knew
something was wrong. (Tr. p. 222). Also, D.H. testified that the molesting first started
with the powdering and then it escalated to other things. Based on those facts, we are
convinced that Whipple powdered D.H. sometime between December 2009, and February
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2010 with intent to arouse or to satisfy his sexual desires. As a result, we affirm Whipple’s
conviction of the Class C felony offense.
III. Mistrial
Whipple argues that the trial court deprived him of the right to a fair and impartial
jury under both the U.S. Constitution and the Indiana Constitution, when it denied his
motion for a mistrial. Whipple argues that a comment made by one of the jury members
denied him a fair trial and also amounted to jury misconduct. Whipple refers to the
following comment made by the juror: “We wanted … [Whipple] to explain his comments
to Detective Sanderson about being alone with [D.H.].” (Tr. p. 396).1 Whipple argues that
this comment “received several assenting nods” from the jury members, as such, he is
convinced that “there is a strong possibility the jury” required him to give testimony, that
would be in violation of his constitutional right since he had elected to remain silent during
the trial. (Appellant’s Br. p. 14). Whipple argues that this comment by the juror
“impermissibly shifted the burden of proof” to him and that the jury members “ignored the
instructions of the trial court.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 15).
This court has held that the decision to grant or deny a motion for mistrial is left to
the sound discretion of the trial court. See Alvies v. State, 795 N.E.2d 493, 506 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2003), trans. denied. We will reverse the trial court’s ruling only upon an abuse of
that discretion. Id. We afford the trial court such deference on appeal because the trial
1
We note that this comment is not transcribed. However, the trial court acknowledged that the juror made the
comment at trial.
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court is in the best position to evaluate the relevant circumstances of an event and its impact
on the jury. Id. To prevail on appeal from the denial of a motion for mistrial, the appellant
must demonstrate the statement or conduct in question was so prejudicial and inflammatory
that he was placed in a position of grave peril to which he should not have been subjected.
Id. We determine the gravity of the peril based upon the probable persuasive effect of the
misconduct on the jury’s decision rather than upon the degree of impropriety of the
conduct. Id.We have recognized that a mistrial is an extreme sanction warranted only when no
other cure can be expected to rectify the situation. Id. Reversible error is seldom found
when the trial court has admonished the jury to disregard a statement made during the
proceedings because a timely and accurate admonition to the jury is presumed to
sufficiently protect a defendant’s rights and remove any error created by the objectionable
statement. Id.Looking at the trial court’s ruling, we find that the trial court did not abuse its
discretion. The trial court stated in part:
You are right. I was here and people did make some comments of that nature. I
didn’t have any sense that the jury did not understand their obligation. And once
they are discharged [they] are free to talk …in the course of human understanding,
we all recognize that people want to hear from the other side. That does not mean
that they don’t understand their obligation under oath, and they aren’t in a position
where they can make a decision based upon the evidence that they heard or that they
didn’t follow the judge’s instructions…I think the [jury] kind of let their hair down
so to speak and they [talked] informally … after they [had] been discharged...I’m
not all shocked and neither are the lawyers. I suspect that people would say, “Yeah
we sure would have liked have heard from him.” That is not incompatible with the
understanding that I know [Whipple] didn’t have to testify...
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(Tr. p. 397)
As noted above, on appeal we afford great deference to the trial court’s decision to
deny a mistrial. See Alvies, 795 N.E.2d at 506. It is evident from the ruling, the trial court
was not convinced that Whipple suffered any prejudice from the juror’s comment. We
agree with the trial court’s finding that the jury members were properly instructed, and the
juror’s comment made after the return of Whipple’s guilty verdict had no prejudicial effect,
nor did the comment have the effect of shifting the burden of proof to Whipple.
Furthermore, we note that a “[a] defendant seeking a new trial because of juror misconduct
must show that the misconduct (1) was gross and (2) probably harmed the defendant.”
Griffin v. State, 754 N.E.2d 899, 901 (Ind. 2001). Here, Whipple did not present any
evidence to show that jury misconduct occurred during deliberations. Moreover, the record
reveals that there was substantial evidence on record to find Whipple guilty of the offenses
for which he was convicted. As such, we conclude that Whipple is not entitled to the
extreme remedy of a new trial because he did not show how the outcome may have been
different had a mistrial been granted.
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the juror’s post-verdict had no significant
effect on Whipple’s case. Accordingly, we find that the trial court properly denied
Whipple’s motion for a mistrial.
IV. Double Jeopardy
Lastly, Whipple argues that his conviction for Count II based on deviate sexual
conduct and his conviction for Count III based on fondling, violated the double jeopardy
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clause of the Indiana Constitution. Article I, Section 14 of the Indiana Constitution
provides, “No person shall be put in jeopardy twice for the same offense.”
[T]wo or more offenses are the “same offense” in violation of Article I, Section 14
of the Indiana Constitution, if, with respect to either the statutory elements of the
challenged crimes or the actual evidence used to convict, the essential elements of
one challenged offense also establish the essential elements of another challenged
offense.
Richardson v. State, 717 N.E.2d 32, 49 (Ind. 1999).
Whipple argues that the elements of the Count III child molesting charge were
subsumed within the Count II child molesting offense. In addition, he also states that “no
independent evidence of fondling and touching … D.H.,” was presented at trial.
(Appellant’s Br. p. 20). Whipple therefore argues that the jury used the same evidence for
the deviate sexual conduct to convict of him of fondling and touching. We disagree.
In Ward v. State, 736 N.E.2d 265, 269 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000), we held that a victim’s
testimony concerning one episode of child molesting could be used to prove two separate
acts of child molesting without violating the principles of double jeopardy where that
testimony revealed that one act of child molesting was “not contemporaneous with or
incidental to” the other. At trial, D.H.’s testimony established distinct evidence for each
Count. D.H. testified that Whipple used to powder her body with a powder puff when she
was young, and when Whipple powdered her in a firm way, she understood that it was
wrong but was too scared to tell him to stop. We find that this evidence established the
fondling charged in Count III. D.H. further testified that the powdering led to other things
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and that Whipple inserted his fingers into her vagina. We find that this evidence established
the deviate sexual conduct charge in Count II.
Accordingly, we conclude that the State established that Whipple committed two
separate offenses based on distinct incidents of molestation. Because there is no reasonable
possibility that the jury used the same evidentiary facts to establish both the essential
elements of Counts II and III, we find that there is no double-jeopardy violation.
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that (1) the trial court properly denied
Whipple’s motion for a directed verdict; (2) there was sufficient evidence to convict
Whipple of both Count II and III; (3) the trial court properly denied Whipple’s motion for
a mistrial; and (4) there was no double-jeopardy violation.
Affirmed.
VAIDIK, C. J. and MAY, J. concur
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