John Rogers v. State of Indiana ( 2012 )

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this
FILED
Memorandum Decision shall not be Feb 14 2012, 9:32 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of CLERK
of the supreme court,
court of appeals and
establishing the defense of res judicata, tax court
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
STEPHEN T. OWENS GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Public Defender of Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
CORY J. LIGHTNER ELLEN H. MEILAENDER
Deputy Public Defender Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
JOHN ROGERS, )
)
Appellant-Petitioner, )
)
vs. ) No. 10A05-1109-PC-525
)
STATE OF INDIANA, )
)
Appellee-Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE CLARK CIRCUIT COURT
The Honorable Daniel E. Moore, Judge
Cause No. 10C01-0910-PC-388
February 14, 2012
MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION
RILEY, Judge
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Appellant-Petitioner, John Rogers (Rogers), appeals the post-conviction court’s
denial of his petition for post-conviction relief.
We affirm.
ISSUE
Rogers raises two issues on appeal, one of which we find dispositive and restate
as: Whether the post-conviction court erred in finding that Rogers’ trial counsel rendered
him effective assistance.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On June 24, 2002, Carl A. Waters (Waters) and Chris P. Deaton (Deaton) were
returning home from a visit with Waters’ father at 1:15 a.m. when they noticed two males
standing near a window of the restaurant where Waters resided. Waters and Deaton kept
walking but tried to remain quiet until they got closer. As they approached, the two
males saw Waters and Deaton and began running. The unidentified males jumped over a
fence and into a soybean field. Waters and Deaton chased them until they lost track of
them at the other end of the field.
When Waters and Deaton returned to the restaurant, Waters observed a broken
hole in an east side window that led into his residence at the rear of the restaurant.
Waters also noticed that while the window had been locked before he left, the latch was
up and the window was open about an inch.
2
The next steps in the course of events is unclear, but it is apparent that Waters and
Deaton later discovered Rogers’ truck in the parking lot of a nearby high school. The
high school security guard contacted the Clark County Sheriff’s Office to report the
truck. Investigating officers discovered a wallet in the cab of the truck, which contained
Rogers’ driver’s license. Based on the driver’s license photo, Waters and Deaton
confirmed that Rogers was one of the men they had seen outside the restaurant.
Clark County Police Officers conducted searches of the surrounding areas and
eventually came across Rogers, who ran when he spotted the police units. Rogers ran
towards a field, and the police officers followed him, along with a law enforcement
canine. When the police officers illuminated Rogers with a light, he dropped to the
ground and attempted to hide. Police Officer Thomas Higdon used his loudspeaker to
advise Rogers to give up and that there was a law enforcement canine near him. Rogers
jumped up from his hiding spot and ran towards the center of the field, so the officers and
the law enforcement canine chased him. Police Officer Keith McDonald (Officer
McDonald) warned Rogers that he would release his canine if Rogers did not stop, but
Rogers continued to run. As a result, Officer McDonald released his canine, and the
canine apprehended Rogers.
On June 28, 2002, the State filed an Information charging Rogers with Count I,
attempted burglary, a Class B felony, Ind. Code §§ 35-43-2-1, -5-1; Count II, resisting
law enforcement, a Class A misdemeanor, I.C. § 35-44-3-3; and Count III, mistreatment
of a law enforcement animal, a Class A misdemeanor, I.C. § 35-46-3-11. On June 17,
3
2009, Rogers pled guilty to attempted burglary as a Class B felony pursuant to a plea
agreement in which the State agreed to dismiss Counts II and III. The plea agreement
also stipulated that the State would recommend a ten year executed sentence at the
Indiana Department of Correction to run concurrently with Rogers’ sentences in other
causes. On July 14, 2009, the trial court accepted the plea agreement and sentenced
Rogers in accordance with the State’s recommendations.
On October 29, 2009, Rogers filed a petition for post-conviction relief, which he
amended on April 14, 2011. On July 6, 2011, the post-conviction court held a hearing on
Rogers’ amended petition and on August 18, 2011, the post-conviction court issued
findings of fact and conclusions of law denying Rogers post-conviction relief.
Rogers now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
On appeal, Rogers asks us to review the post-conviction court’s determination that
his trial counsel provided him with effective assistance. On appeal from the denial of
post-conviction relief, a petitioner stands in the position of one appealing from a negative
judgment. Mauricio v. State, 941 N.E.2d 497, 498 (Ind. 2011). In such cases, a
petitioner must show that the evidence, taken as a whole, leads unerringly and
unmistakably to a conclusion opposite that reached by the post-conviction court. Id. We
do not defer to the post-conviction court’s legal conclusions, but we will reverse only on
a showing of clear error. Id. Moreover, we will only consider the probative evidence and
all reasonable inferences therefrom that support the post-conviction court’s determination
4
and will not reweigh the evidence. Bigler v. State, 732 N.E.2d 191, 194 (Ind. Ct. App.
2000), trans. denied.
Turning to Rogers’ claim, we recognize that the assistance of counsel is a right
guaranteed to all criminal defendants by the Sixth Amendment to the United States
Constitution and Article I, section 13 of the Indiana Constitution. In order to establish
ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must fulfill both prongs of the test set forth
in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), reh’g
denied. Specht v. State, 838 N.E.2d 1081, 1087 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005), trans. denied.
First, the defendant must prove that his or her counsel’s performance fell below an
objective standard of reasonableness based on prevailing professional norms and, second,
that the deficient performance prejudiced his defense. Wesley v. State, 788 N.E.2d 1247,
1252 (Ind. 2003). To establish prejudice, a defendant must show that there is a
reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the
proceeding would be different. Id. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to
undermine confidence in the trial’s outcome. Id.When evaluating ineffectiveness claims, we are cognizant of the fact that there are
countless ways to provide effective assistance in any given case. Strickland, 466 U.S. at
689, 104 S.Ct. at 2065. “Thus, there is a strong presumption that counsel rendered
adequate assistance and used reasonable professional judgment.” Armstrong v. State, 932
N.E.2d 1263, 1268 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010). Our supreme court has held that the
presumption that an attorney has discharged his duty fully is overcome for purposes of
5
post-conviction relief only by showing that the attorney’s action or inaction made the
proceedings a mockery of justice and shocking to the conscience of the court. Whitlock
v. State, 456 N.E.2d 717, 718 (Ind. 1983).
Rogers’ primary argument on appeal is that his counsel did not properly
investigate his charges because, if counsel had done so, counsel would have discovered
that the State did not have enough evidence of Rogers’ intent to commit a theft in Waters’
residence sufficient to sustain a conviction for attempted burglary. I.C. § 35-43-2-1 states
that “[a] person who breaks and enters the building or structure of another person, with
the intent to commit a felony in it, commits burglary.” To establish the intent to commit
a felony element of a burglary charge, the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt
the defendant’s intent to commit a felony specified in the charge. Freshwater v. State,
853 N.E.2d 941, 942 (Ind. 2006).
Rogers cites to a long list of cases that indicate that a defendant should not be
charged with intent to commit a felony merely based on evidence of breaking and
entering. For instance, Rogers notes Gebhart, in which the supreme court reversed an
attempted burglary conviction based on insufficient evidence of intent to steal where the
defendant was observed attempting to pry open the back door of a house with a tire iron.
Gebhart v. State, 531 N.E.2d 211 (Ind. 1988). However, the instant case is different
procedurally than any of the cases that Rogers cited. Each of the cases Rogers analyzed
concerned a defendant who was convicted by a jury after a trial in which evidence was
6
presented by both sides. Accordingly, it was possible for this court or the supreme court
to review the sufficiency of the evidence on appeal.
In contrast, Rogers pled guilty pursuant to a plea agreement before his trial
commenced. We find these circumstances analogous to those in Helton v. State, 907
N.E.2d 1020, 1022 (Ind. 2009). In Helton, Elkhart County law enforcement obtained a
warrant to search Helton’s residence based on information from a confidential informant
that Helton was selling methamphetamine from his home, as well as two anonymous
complaints to the same effect. Id. During their search, police seized methamphetamine,
marijuana, and drug paraphernalia from Helton’s home. Id. Helton was arrested and
charged with Class A felony possession of methamphetamine with intent to deliver and
Class D felony possession of marijuana. Id. On the second day of his trial, Helton
entered into a plea agreement with the State in which he agreed to plead guilty to dealing
methamphetamine in exchange for the dismissal of his marijuana charge. Id.Subsequently, Helton petitioned for post-conviction relief, alleging that his trial
counsel was ineffective for failing to move to suppress the evidence recovered from
Helton’s home because the probable cause affidavit was based on uncorroborated hearsay
from a confidential informant. Id. On appeal, the supreme court determined that it was
not certain that the outcome of Helton’s trial would have been different if his lawyer had
moved to suppress the evidence. Id. at 1024. Therefore, Helton did not receive
ineffective assistance of counsel. Id. The supreme court explained that:
The record in this post-conviction appeal provides no indication as to what
other evidence, if any, had been or was expected to be introduced in
7
Helton's trial beyond the inventory obtained in the search of Helton's home.
A full day of Helton's trial went forward before the trial was cut short by
Helton's guilty plea. The record of the trial was not introduced in the post-
conviction hearing, and neither party indicated to the post-conviction court
what other testimony or other evidence might be introduced against Helton.
We have no pertinent discovery motions or witness lists, and no other
materials that suggest what other evidence was involved in the case. The
State claimed at Helton’s sentencing hearing that it had introduced
approximately twenty exhibits on the first day of trial. The post-conviction
court also stated in its findings of fact that the State had not yet offered the
drugs obtained from Helton’s home. We might infer that the State had
already introduced evidence against Helton that was not the product of the
search, but on the sparse record before us, we simply do not know.
It is certainly the case that in some circumstances a claim of effective
assistance of counsel can be established by showing a failure to suppress
evidence. . . . But Helton bore the burden of proof at his post-conviction
evidentiary hearing. It was thus incumbent on Helton—not the State—to
show there was a reasonable probability of insufficient evidence if a
suppression motion had been granted.
Id. at 1024.
Similarly, Rogers has not proven that there would have been insufficient evidence
of his intent to commit theft had his case proceeded to trial. When he pled guilty, Rogers
deprived the State of the chance to submit evidence of his intent. Therefore, the only
evidence in the record is the probable cause affidavit. Because the State did not have a
chance to present its evidence, it would be pure speculation if we were to find that there
was insufficient evidence of Rogers’ intent. Further, as we cannot find that there was
insufficient evidence to convict Rogers of attempted burglary, we cannot find that Rogers
8
was denied effective assistance of counsel. We conclude that the post-conviction court
did not err in determining that Rogers received the effective assistance of counsel.1
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the post-conviction court did not err in
denying Rogers’ petition for post-conviction relief.
Affirmed.
FRIEDLANDER, J. and MATHIAS, J. concur
1
Rogers also claims that his guilty plea was not knowing and voluntary because he did not know that
there was insufficient evidence to convict him of attempted burglary. As we have determined that there
was not insufficient evidence to convict him of attempted burglary, we will not address this issue.
9