Joseph Baliga, DVM v. Indiana Horse Racing Commission, Indiana Horse Racing Commission Staff , 112 N.E.3d 731 ( 2018 )

FILED
Oct 01 2018, 9:12 am
CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES
Peter J. Sacopulos Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Sacopulos, Johnson & Sacopulos Attorney General of Indiana
Terre Haute, Indiana Patricia C. McMath
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Joseph Baliga, DVM, October 1, 2018
Appellant-Petitioner, Court of Appeals Case No.
17A-MI-3009
v. Appeal from the Madison Circuit
Court
Indiana Horse Racing The Honorable Mark Dudley,
Commission, Indiana Horse Judge
Racing Commission Staff, Trial Court Cause No.
Appellees-Respondents 48C06-1704-MI-307
Vaidik, Chief Judge.
Case Summary
[1] Veterinarian Joseph Baliga was accused of giving a banned substance to a
racehorse. He denies the accusation, but in a disciplinary proceeding before the
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Indiana Horse Racing Commission (IHRC), IHRC staff moved to have him
found in default and disciplined without a hearing on the merits. Dr. Baliga
opposed the motion, but an administrative law judge granted it, and the IHRC
affirmed.
[2] Dr. Baliga then filed a petition for judicial review challenging the entry of
default. The IHRC filed a motion to dismiss, arguing that its entry of default is
not subject to judicial review. The trial court granted the IHRC’s motion, and
Dr. Baliga appeals. We hold that the IHRC’s entry of default (1) can be
reviewed and (2) was an abuse of discretion. We therefore direct the trial court
to grant Dr. Baliga’s petition for judicial review and to remand this matter to
the IHRC for a hearing on the merits.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] Dr. Baliga specializes in the care and treatment of racehorses. He is licensed
generally by the Indiana Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners and separately
by the IHRC. In the fall of 2016, Dr. Baliga was working at the track at
Hoosier Park in Anderson. On September 30, a security officer reported that he
had seen Dr. Baliga give a banned substance to a horse. Under the IHRC’s
regulations, found in Title 71 of the Indiana Administrative Code, this
accusation exposed Dr. Baliga to two forms of disciplinary proceedings: (1)
proceedings by IHRC judges at the track, who can impose a penalty of up to
$5000 and a license suspension of up to one year, see 71 Ind. Admin. Code 10-2,
and (2) proceedings by the IHRC itself, which can impose more serious
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sanctions—a penalty of up to $5000 per day or occurrence and a license
suspension of more than one year (or a license revocation), see 71 I.A.C. 10-
3. Both types of proceedings were initiated against Dr. Baliga.
[4] First, on October 1, the IHRC judges at Hoosier Park imposed a “summary
suspension” of Dr. Baliga’s IHRC license—a temporary suspension pending a
disciplinary hearing before the judges. 71 I.A.C. 10-2-3; see also Ind. Code § 4-
31-12-15; Ind. Code § 4-31-13-2. At Dr. Baliga’s request, the judges held a
hearing on the summary suspension on October 31. Dr. Baliga was in
attendance with his attorney. At the beginning of the hearing, an attorney for
the IHRC explained:
As a reminder, today’s hearing is not about the merits of the
underlying case. The only question is whether Dr. Baliga should
remain summarily suspended pending a final disciplinary hearing
and a ruling.
* * * *
Today’s hearing is not on the merits of the IHRC’s case against
Baliga.
Rather, it is only to consider whether it is appropriate for [Dr.
Baliga] to remain suspended pending the hearing on any
underlying charges.
The merits hearing will come later. To that end it is
inappropriate for the Judges to consider eyewitness testimony or
evidence relating to any complaints that might later be filed.
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Appellant’s App. Vol. II pp. 70-71. The executive director of the IHRC was
present at the hearing and was called as a witness by the IHRC attorney. He
testified that the IHRC was still evaluating whether to take “further action”
against Dr. Baliga and that the summary suspension should continue in the
meantime:
Attorney: And you understand that the reason we are here
today is to determine if it is appropriate for Dr.
Baliga to remain suspended, pending the final
hearing on the merits of the underlying case?
Exec. Dir.: Yes, I do.
Attorney: Is the Commission continuing to consider the
underlying merits of this case?
Exec. Dir.: Yes.
* * * *
Attorney: You indicated the Commission is continuing to
investigate and consider this matter. Once that is
complete, do you expect Commission Staff will
proceed with further action against Dr. Baliga?
Exec. Dir.: We’ll evaluate everything at the end of the
investigation and make our decision from there.
Attorney: Do you believe it is appropriate for Dr. Baliga to
remain suspended pending the outcome of a hearing
on the merits of the case?
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Exec. Dir.: Yes, I do.
Id. at 75-76. Then, when Dr. Baliga attempted to testify about what happened
on September 30, the IHRC’s attorney objected, again explaining that the
hearing “is only about whether or not the Summary Suspension should stand”
and that “[t]his is not the time to hash out the merits of the case” and “[n]ot the
appropriate time to have this conversation.” Id. at 80, 87. In her closing
argument, the IHRC’s attorney said, “Commission Staff respectfully requests
that Dr. Baliga’s license remain suspended, pending a final disciplinary hearing
and ruling.” Id. at 92. At the end of the hearing, the judges voted to continue
the summary suspension “until the merits of the case are heard.” Id. at 94. The
presiding judge added, “[W]e should hurry along. We should do what we can
to get this case heard on the merits.” Id. The IHRC’s attorney responded,
“Understood.” Id. The judges did not set any future hearings or deadlines, and
that was the end of their involvement in this matter.
[5] On November 10, ten days after that summary-suspension hearing at Hoosier
Park, the executive director of the IHRC initiated the second disciplinary
proceeding against Dr. Baliga. Specifically, he filed an “Administrative
Complaint” with the IHRC pursuant to 71 I.A.C. 10-3-20. The executive
director alleged a variety of rule violations and recommended a penalty,
including a suspension of Dr. Baliga’s IHRC license and a substantial fine. The
complaint also stated that Dr. Baliga had twenty days to make a written request
for a hearing, pursuant to 71 I.A.C. 10-3-20(d) (“Not later than the twentieth
day after the date on which the executive director delivers or sends the
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administrative complaint, the person charged may make a written request for a
hearing or may remit the amount of the administrative penalty to the
commission.”).
[6] Shortly after receiving the administrative complaint, on November 14, Dr.
Baliga filed an appeal of his summary suspension with the IHRC. However, he
did not make a separate request for a hearing on the administrative complaint.
On December 6—six days after Dr. Baliga’s deadline for making such a
request—an IHRC attorney filed a Motion for Default against him in the
administrative-complaint matter.1 The motion relied on 71 I.A.C. 10-3-20(d),
which, in addition to requiring a written request for a hearing within twenty
days, provides that failure to make such a request “results in a waiver of a right
to a hearing on the administrative penalty as well as any right to judicial
review.” Later the same day, the administrative law judge (ALJ) who had been
appointed in the administrative-complaint proceeding sent the parties a
proposed default order.
[7] On December 12, Dr. Baliga filed a motion opposing the proposed default. In
the motion, Dr. Baliga’s attorney took the blame for the failure to file a request
for hearing, explaining that (1) he did not realize that the administrative-
complaint proceeding was separate from the summary-suspension proceeding
and (2) because Dr. Baliga was actively challenging the allegation in the
1
Dr. Baliga’s appeal of the summary suspension remained pending for two months but was dismissed after
he was found in default in the administrative-complaint matter.
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summary-suspension proceeding and had already been told that there would be
a hearing on the merits, he believed that a further request for a hearing was
unnecessary. The ALJ was not persuaded and, on December 16, issued an
order recommending that Dr. Baliga be found in default. At Dr. Baliga’s
request, the IHRC reviewed the matter. It affirmed and adopted the ALJ’s
order in full, including the penalty sought by the executive director: a five-year
suspension of Dr. Baliga’s IHRC license, a $20,000 fine, and a permanent ban
from administering Lasix (a diuretic commonly given to racehorses) at Indiana
race tracks.
[8] Dr. Baliga then filed a petition for judicial review of the IHRC’s ruling. He
asked the trial court to reverse the IHRC’s finding of default and to remand the
matter to the agency for a hearing on the merits. The IHRC filed a motion to
dismiss, arguing that the trial court could not review its entry of default. The
trial court granted the IHRC’s motion and dismissed Dr. Baliga’s petition.
[9] Dr. Baliga now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
[10] Dr. Baliga contends that the ALJ and the IHRC should not have found him in
default and that the trial court erred by dismissing his petition for judicial
review. The IHRC defends the dismissal, but on a different ground than the
one it advanced in its motion to dismiss. In its motion to dismiss, the IHRC
argued that Dr. Baliga had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies and
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that the trial court therefore lacked subject-matter jurisdiction. Appellant’s
App. Vol. IV pp. 24-39. On appeal, however, the IHRC says nothing about
jurisdiction or the exhaustion of administrative remedies. Instead, it asserts that
the Administrative Orders and Procedures Act (AOPA), Ind. Code article 4-
21.5, which governs agency adjudicative proceedings and judicial review of
those proceedings, “does not give the reviewing court discretion to excuse a
party’s default.” Appellees’ Br. p. 17. Insofar as the IHRC means that its entry
of default cannot be challenged, we disagree.
[11] The IHRC cites Indiana Code section 4-21.5-5-4(b)(2), which provides that “[a]
person who . . . is in default under this article . . . has waived the person’s right
to judicial review under this chapter.” To be sure, this statute bars judicial
review of agency actions taken before or after an entry of default, at least where
the entry of default goes unchallenged or is found to be proper. But the IHRC
apparently reads this provision to mean that a person who is found in default at
the agency level is barred from seeking judicial review of any of the agency’s
actions, including the finding of default itself. In other words, the IHRC
seems to take the position that an agency’s finding of default is non-reviewable.
The IHRC does not cite any authority in support of this novel proposition, and
we think it is incorrect. A court on judicial review is authorized to grant relief
if it determines that a person seeking judicial relief has been
prejudiced by an agency action that is: (1) arbitrary, capricious,
an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law;
(2) contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or
immunity; (3) in excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or
limitations, or short of statutory right; (4) without observance of
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procedure required by law; or (5) unsupported by substantial
evidence.
Ind. Code § 4-21.5-5-14(d). An agency’s entry of default is certainly an “agency
action,” and we see no reason why such an action should be immune from
judicial review.
[12] The IHRC also relies heavily on its own regulation, 71 I.A.C. 10-3-20(d), which
provides in part that a person’s failure to request a hearing within twenty days
of being served with an administrative complaint “results in a waiver of a right
to a hearing on the administrative penalty as well as any right to judicial
review.” (Emphasis added). In dismissing Dr. Baliga’s petition, the trial court
concluded that this provision “is in accord with” Indiana Code section 4-21.5-3-
24, the statute that governs the entry of default in agency proceedings.
Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 10. Again, we disagree.
[13] Section 4-21.5-3-24 provides that if a party in an agency proceeding fails to “file
a responsive pleading required by statute or rule” (as Dr. Baliga did here), the
ALJ “may serve upon all parties written notice of a proposed default or
dismissal order, including a statement of the grounds.” Ind. Code § 4-21.5-3-
24(a). If the ALJ chooses to do so (as the ALJ in this case did), the party
against whom the proposed default was issued may, within seven days, “file a
written motion requesting that the proposed default order not be imposed and
stating the grounds relied upon.” Id. at (b). If the party files such a motion (as
Dr. Baliga did here), the ALJ “may either enter the order or refuse to enter the
order.” Id. at (c). In short, Section 4-21.5-3-24 provides that a person who fails
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to file a responsive pleading may, in the discretion of the ALJ, be found in
default. 71 I.A.C. 10-3-20(d), on the other hand, goes further and requires a
finding of default when a party fails to file a responsive pleading. In this
respect, the regulation is invalid. “An agency may not by its rules and
regulations add to or detract from the law as enacted, nor may it by rule extend
its powers beyond those conferred upon it by law. Any regulation that conflicts
with statutory law is wholly invalid.” Leone v. Comm’r, Ind. Bureau of Motor
Vehicles, 933 N.E.2d 1244, 1250 (Ind. 2010) (quoting Lee Alan Bryant Health Care
Facilities, Inc. v. Hamilton, 788 N.E.2d 495, 500 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), aff’d on
reh’g, 793 N.E.2d 229).
[14] Having concluded that the IHRC’s entry of default is subject to judicial review,
we now proceed with that review. To the extent that the trial court found the
entry of default to be proper, we owe no deference to that determination.
Instead, we “stand in the trial court’s shoes.” Ind. State Ethics Comm’n v.
Sanchez, 18 N.E.3d 988, 991 (Ind. 2014); see also Filter Specialists, Inc. v. Brooks,
906 N.E.2d 835, 844 (Ind. 2009) (“Appellate courts stand in the same position
as that of the trial court when reviewing a decision of an administrative
agency.”).
[15] As set forth above, a court can set aside an agency action if it is
(1) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not
in accordance with law; (2) contrary to constitutional right,
power, privilege, or immunity; (3) in excess of statutory
jurisdiction, authority, or limitations, or short of statutory right;
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(4) without observance of procedure required by law; or (5)
unsupported by substantial evidence.
I.C. § 4-21.5-5-14(d). In his brief, Dr. Baliga cites the “contrary to
constitutional right, power, privilege, or immunity” provision, Appellant’s Br.
p. 24, but he also emphasizes that the decision of the ALJ and the IHRC to find
him in default was a discretionary one and argues that they abused that
discretion, see, e.g., id. at 36; Reply Br. p. 13. A decision constitutes an abuse of
discretion if it is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and
circumstances or the reasonable, probable, and actual deductions to be drawn
therefrom. State v. Collier, 61 N.E.3d 265, 268 (Ind. 2016). We do not reach
Dr. Baliga’s constitutional arguments, because, for several reasons, we agree
with him that the entry of default in this matter was an abuse of discretion.
[16] First, while it is true that Dr. Baliga did not file a direct response to the
administrative complaint, it is also true that the IHRC was well aware that Dr.
Baliga denied the accusation underlying the complaint. The same accusation
formed the basis for the summary suspension by the Hoosier Park judges, and
Dr. Baliga, with the knowledge of the IHRC and its executive director, was
actively challenging that suspension both before and after the initiation of the
administrative-complaint matter. Second, an IHRC attorney told Dr. Baliga at
the October 31 hearing that “[t]he merits hearing will come later” and objected
when Dr. Baliga tried to give his side of the story. And third, there is no
evidence that the IHRC would have suffered any prejudice if the ALJ had
declined to find Dr. Baliga in default. IHRC staff filed their motion for default
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only six days after the deadline for Dr. Baliga to request a hearing, and all the
relevant events transpired over the course of just thirty-six days—from the filing
of the administrative complaint on November 10 through the ALJ’s entry of
default on December 16. All along, the IHRC was on notice that Dr. Baliga
denied the accusation against him.
[17] All of this leads to a more fundamental reason why the ALJ and the IHRC
should have allowed this matter to proceed to a hearing on the merits. 71
I.A.C. 10-2, titled “Proceedings by Judges,” envisions a disciplinary proceeding
initiated by and conducted by on-site judges, without the involvement of the
IHRC itself or its executive director. See 71 I.A.C. 10-2-2(a) (“On their own
motion or on receipt of a complaint from an official or other person regarding
the actions of a licensee, the judges may conduct an inquiry and disciplinary
hearing regarding a licensee’s actions.”). 71 I.A.C. 10-3, titled “Proceedings by
the Commission,” envisions a separate disciplinary proceeding initiated by the
IHRC or its executive director. See 71 I.A.C. 10-3-1(b); 71 I.A.C. 10-3-20. In
this case, however, the seemingly clear line between these two types of
proceedings was significantly blurred from the very beginning.
[18] In their October 1 ruling imposing the summary suspension, the Hoosier Park
judges, instead of setting a date for a disciplinary hearing under 71 I.A.C. 10-2,
stated that the matter “will be referred to the Executive Director of the Indiana
Horse Racing Commission for further action.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 23.
The ruling did not say whether this “further action” would occur in the Hoosier
Park proceeding under 71 I.A.C. 10-2—regulations that do not contemplate a
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role for the executive director—or in a separate IHRC proceeding under 71
I.A.C. 10-3. This is where the confusion started. Then, when the Hoosier Park
judges held a hearing on the summary suspension, the IHRC’s attorney called
the IHRC’s executive director as a witness and asked him how the IHRC was
planning to proceed. The executive director testified that the IHRC was still
investigating and considering whether to take further action. Of course, under
71 I.A.C. 10-2, on-site judges can take disciplinary action regardless of whether
the IHRC itself takes action, so this testimony served only to confuse matters
further. Finally, at the end of the hearing, the Hoosier Park judges did not
schedule a hearing on the merits of the accusation against Dr. Baliga. Rather,
the chief judge said that “we should hurry along” and “[w]e should do what we
can to get this case heard on the merits,” and the IHRC’s attorney said that she
“[u]nderstood.” In other words, the judges left the ball in the IHRC’s court.
[19] Taken together, these events created the distinct impression that the Hoosier
Park disciplinary proceeding and any IHRC disciplinary proceeding would, for
all intents and purposes, be consolidated. Certainly, better practice would have
been for Dr. Baliga and his attorney to submit a written request for a hearing
after receiving the administrative complaint, even if they thought doing so
would be redundant. But they had already been told that “[t]he merits hearing
will come later,” and they were told that at a hearing where IHRC action was
talked about as if it would simply be a continuation of the Hoosier Park
proceeding. As such, they should not be faulted—or defaulted—for thinking
that another hearing request was unnecessary.
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[20] Under these circumstances, we readily conclude that the ALJ and the IHRC
abused their discretion by finding Dr. Baliga in default. Therefore, we reverse
the dismissal of Dr. Baliga’s petition for judicial review and direct the trial court
to grant the petition and to remand this matter to the IHRC for a hearing on the
merits.
[21] Reversed and remanded.
Pyle, J., and Barnes, Sr. J., concur.
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