In the Matter of the Termination of Parental Rights of: I.H., and E.H. (Mother) v. Indiana Department of Child Services and Child Advocates, Inc. (mem. dec.) ( 2019 )


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  • MEMORANDUM DECISION
    Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
    this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                         FILED
    regarded as precedent or cited before any                                 Feb 21 2019, 8:42 am
    court except for the purpose of establishing
    the defense of res judicata, collateral                                       CLERK
    Indiana Supreme Court
    Court of Appeals
    estoppel, or the law of the case.                                              and Tax Court
    ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                    ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
    Danielle L. Gregory                                       Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
    Indianapolis, Indiana                                     Attorney General of Indiana
    Matthew Michaloski
    Deputy Attorney General
    Indianapolis, Indiana
    IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
    In the Matter of the Termination                          February 21, 2019
    of Parental Rights of:                                    Court of Appeals Case No.
    18A-JT-2231
    I. H.,
    Appeal from the Marion Superior
    and                                                       Court
    E. H. (Mother),                                           The Honorable Marilyn Moores,
    Appellant-Respondent,                                     Judge
    The Honorable Larry Bradley,
    v.                                               Magistrate
    Trial Court Cause No.
    Indiana Department of Child                               49D09-1802-JT-183
    Services,
    Appellee-Petitioner,
    and
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2231 | February 21, 2019                 Page 1 of 18
    Child Advocates, Inc.,
    Appellee-Guardian Ad Litem.
    Riley, Judge.
    STATEMENT OF THE CASE
    [1]   Appellant-Respondent, E.H. (Mother), appeals the termination of her parental
    rights to her minor child, I.H. (Child).
    [2]   We affirm.
    ISSUE
    [3]   Mother raises one issue on appeal, which we restate as: Whether the Indiana
    Department of Child Services (DCS) presented clear and convincing evidence
    to support the trial court’s termination of Mother’s parental rights.
    FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
    [4]   Mother gave birth to the Child on December 21, 2014. The Child’s putative
    father was alleged to be either J.H. or J.T. The Child was initially removed
    from Mother’s care on July 12, 2016 due to allegations of abuse and neglect.
    Two days later, on July 14, 2016, DCS filed a Child in Need of Services
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    (CHINS) petition, alleging that Mother had failed to provide the Child with a
    safe, stable, and appropriate living environment free from domestic violence.
    DCS claimed that Mother had shown “a propensity of violence as evidenced by
    her involvement in two altercations within a month—each within the presence
    of the Child.” (Petitioner’s Exh. 1, p. 4). During the altercation, a window was
    broken and Mother was punched in the face. When police officers arrived at
    the scene, Mother refused to disclose the location of the Child, declaring “you’ll
    never find her.” (Petitioner’s Exh. 1, p. 4). Marijuana and paraphernalia were
    located in the residence and Mother admitted to being a regular user.
    [5]   During the pre-trial hearing on August 1, 2016, the trial court ordered the Child
    returned to Mother, contingent on Mother’s participation in home-based
    therapy, home-based case management services, random drug screens, and a
    domestic violence assessment. Mother cared for the Child for approximately
    two-and-one-half months, until she became “overwhelmed” and voluntarily
    placed the Child in the care of Mother’s former foster parents. (Petitioner’s
    Exh. 5, p. 24).
    [6]   On November 7, 2016, the trial court adjudicated the Child to be a CHINS
    based on Mother’s history of domestic violence, her failure to successfully
    complete classes, her eviction from the residence, and her on-going drug abuse.
    Although the trial court initially placed the Child with Mother’s former foster
    parents, in January 2018, the trial court placed the Child with the daughter and
    husband of Mother’s former foster parents (Foster Parents). On December 5,
    2016, the trial court ordered Mother to participate in supervised parenting time,
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    in addition to her participation in home-based case management, submission to
    random drug screens and to follow all recommendations of her service
    providers.
    [7]   During the pendency of the CHINS proceedings, Mother was in and out of jail.
    Following a June 2, 2016 domestic violence incident, Mother was charged with
    seven Counts. She pled guilty to domestic battery as a Class A misdemeanor
    and was sentenced to probation. On March 29, 2017, Mother pled guilty to
    possession of methamphetamine, after being charged with three drug-related
    Counts, and was given a suspended sentence of 365 days. Mother’s probation
    was revoked on May 10, 2017—following her guilty plea to Level 6 felony
    invasion of privacy—and the court amended her sentence to community
    corrections. Mother subsequently fled to Tennessee for several months to avoid
    an outstanding warrant. Upon her return to Indiana in October 2017, she was
    arrested while visiting the Child and incarcerated for approximately three
    months.
    [8]   Mother was not consistently employed because her criminal history made it
    “very difficult” to find a position. (Transcript p. 45). Mother also failed to
    benefit from court-ordered services. While Mother initially participated in
    domestic violence therapy, she stopped attending sessions in November 2016.
    DCS referred her again for classes in 2017, but Mother could not be reached.
    She eventually engaged in individual therapy upon her release from
    incarceration in 2018; however, these services were not provided by DCS and
    information from the sessions was not submitted to DCS. Likewise, Mother
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    did not successfully complete home-based case management. DCS deemed the
    service necessary because Mother was facing homelessness and the classes
    would aid her in finding stability and housing. Although Mother participated
    in the beginning, DCS closed out this service in November 2016 after a period
    of non-attendance. Mother was again referred in 2017, but then refused to
    participate.
    [9]    Mother never graduated from supervised visitation because she failed to utilize
    her parenting time in order for DCS to recommend a change. While parental
    visits were suspended in October 2017 due to non-compliance and her
    incarceration, visitation was resumed in January 2018. After the visits with
    Mother resumed, a change was noted in the Child’s behavior, with her
    becoming unruly and disrespectful. Mother did not always respond to this
    behavior appropriately and occasionally broke down in tears, prompting her to
    end visits with the Child early.
    [10]   Mother was addicted to illegal drugs before and during the pendency of the
    CHINS proceeding. She admitted to regular use of marijuana and was found to
    be in possession of marijuana and paraphernalia during her June 2016 arrest.
    After leaving the Child with her former foster parents, Mother became addicted
    to methamphetamine and pled guilty to possession thereof in March 2017. The
    drug screen referral was eventually closed out for noncompliance. If Mother
    had been compliant and engaged in random drug screens since July 2016, DCS
    would have received results for “more than 50 drug screens.” (Tr. p. 81). In
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    actuality, only about 5 were received, and the test results were “mostly
    positive.” (Tr. p. 84).
    [11]   At the time of the termination hearing, the Child had been placed outside of
    Mother’s care for twenty months. She was “thriving” with her Foster Parents,
    who intend to adopt her. (Tr. p. 106). Even though the Child is doing well, she
    became susceptible to nightmares and wakes up crying after the visits with
    Mother resumed in January 2018. Foster Parents noticed that the Child is
    “really tired” and “completely drained of all her energy” following visits. (Tr.
    p. 70). The Child was referred for therapeutic services to identify any stress and
    to learn coping skills. While at first the Child was observed to be carefree, she
    later started to express anger. The therapist correlated the Child’s acting out
    with the parenting time sessions with Mother, and expressed a concern that the
    visits were a trigger for the Child’s adverse behavior.
    [12]   On February 13, 2018, DCS filed a petition for the involuntary termination of
    Mother’s parental rights, as both alleged fathers consented to the adoption of
    the Child. On July 10, 2018 and August 1, 2018, the trial court conducted a
    hearing on DCS’s petition. During the hearing, Family Case Manager Cinthya
    Trujillo (FCM Trujillo) testified about the Child’s removal, the domestic
    violence concerns, Mother’s failure to complete services, her drug abuse,
    unemployment, and inability to financially provide for her or her Child. FCM
    Trujillo advised against placement with Mother because Mother “was in and
    out of jail and not meeting with providers to help her to get stable and make
    positive life changes to her lifestyle.” (Tr. p. 82). She opined that continuation
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    of the parent-child relationship posed a threat to the Child’s well-being, that
    termination was in the Child’s best interests, and that the pre-adoptive home
    with the Foster Parents was an appropriate placement. The Child’s Guardian
    ad Litem (GAL) expressed concern about Mother’s substance abuse and the
    possibility that her temporary living arrangements could suddenly end. She
    advised that termination of Mother’s rights would be in the Child’s best
    interests. In her opinion, additional time for Mother to complete the services
    was not warranted because Mother “has had ample opportunity to complete the
    services but due to her criminal warrants and her fleeing or leaving the state to
    get sober and to avoid warrants,” she put “herself in a position to not be able to
    complete the services and that should not delay the progress or permanency
    for” the Child. (Tr. p. 111). On August 20, 2018, the trial court terminated
    Mother’s parental rights to the Child, concluding, in pertinent part:
    30. There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that
    resulted in [the Child’s] removal and continued placement
    outside the home will not be remedied by her [M]other. Two
    years have elapsed since [the Child’s] CHINS case was filed and
    no services have been completed to address domestic violence,
    past trauma and mental health concerns and stable independent
    housing with adequate income. Sobriety has not been
    demonstrated.
    31. There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the
    parent-child relationship poses a threat to [the Child’s] well-being
    in that it would pose as a barrier to obtaining permanency for her
    through an adoption which [Mother] has not put herself in a
    position to offer permanency.
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    ****
    42. Termination of the parent-child relationship is in the best
    interests of [the Child]. Termination would allow her to be
    adopted into a stable and permanent home where her needs will
    be safely met.
    43. There exists a satisfactory plan for the future care and
    treatment of [the Child], that being adoption.
    (Appellant’s App. Vol. II, pp. 83-84).
    [13]   Mother now appeals. Additional facts will be provided if necessary.
    DISCUSSION AND DECISION
    I. Standard of Review
    [14]   Mother challenges the termination of her parental rights to the Child. The
    Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the
    traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children. Bester v.
    Lake Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 
    839 N.E.2d 143
    , 147 (Ind. 2005). “A
    parent’s interest in the care, custody, and control of his or her children is
    ‘perhaps the oldest of the fundamental liberty interests.’” 
    Id.
     (quoting Troxel v.
    Granville, 
    530 U.S. 57
    , 65 (2000)). However, parental rights “are not absolute
    and must be subordinated to the child’s interests in determining the proper
    disposition of a petition to terminate parental rights.” 
    Id.
     If “parents are unable
    or unwilling to meet their parental responsibilities,” termination of parental
    rights is appropriate. 
    Id.
     We recognize that the termination of a parent-child
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    relationship is “an ‘extreme measure’ and should only be utilized as a ‘last
    resort when all other reasonable efforts to protect the integrity of the natural
    relationship between parent and child have failed.’” K.E. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child
    Servs., 
    39 N.E.3d 641
    , 646 (Ind. 2015).
    [15]   Indiana courts rely on a “deferential standard of review in cases concerning the
    termination of parental rights” due to the trial court’s “unique position to assess
    the evidence.” In re A.K., 
    924 N.E.2d 212
    , 219 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010), trans.
    dismissed. Our court neither reweighs evidence nor assesses the credibility of
    witnesses. K.T.K. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 
    989 N.E.2d 1225
    , 1229 (Ind.
    2013). We consider only the evidence and any reasonable inferences that
    support the trial court’s judgment, and we accord deference to the trial court’s
    “opportunity to judge the credibility of the witnesses firsthand.” 
    Id.
     Where, as
    in this case, the trial court enters special findings of fact and conclusions
    thereon under Indiana Trial Rule 52(A), we evaluate whether the trial court’s
    decision is clearly erroneous. 
    Id.
     Under this standard, we must determine
    “whether the evidence clearly and convincingly supports the findings and the
    findings clearly and convincingly support the judgment.” Id. at 1230.
    II. Termination of Parental Rights Statute
    [16]   In order to terminate a parent’s rights to her child, DCS must prove:
    (A) that one (1) of the following is true:
    (i) The child has been removed from the parent for at least six (6)
    months under a dispositional decree.
    ****
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2231 | February 21, 2019   Page 9 of 18
    (iii) The child has been removed from the parent and has been
    under the supervision of a local office . . . for at least fifteen (15)
    months of the most recent twenty-two (22) months, beginning
    with the date the child is removed from the home as a result of
    the child being alleged to be a [CHINS] . . . ;
    (B) that one (1) of the following is true:
    (i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that
    resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for placement
    outside the home of the parents will not be remedied.
    (ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the
    parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the
    child.
    (iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
    adjudicated a [CHINS];
    (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and
    (D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of
    the child.
    
    Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4
    (b)(2). DCS must prove each of the foregoing elements by
    clear and convincing evidence. C.A. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 
    15 N.E.3d 85
    ,
    92 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014). “[C]lear and convincing evidence requires the
    existence of a fact to ‘be highly probable.’” 
    Id.
     On appeal, Mother does not
    contest the trial court’s findings that the Child has been removed from the home
    for the requisite period of time.
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    A. Conditions have not been remedied 1
    [17]   Mother claims that there is insufficient evidence to support the trial court’s
    determination that the conditions which resulted in the removal of the Child
    have not been remedied. It is well established that “[a] trial court must judge a
    parent’s fitness as of the time of the termination hearing and take into
    consideration evidence of changed conditions.” Stone v. Daviess Cnty. Div. of
    Children & Family Servs., 
    656 N.E.2d 824
    , 828 (Ind. Ct. App. 1995), trans. denied.
    In judging fitness, a trial court may properly consider, among other things, a
    parent’s substance abuse and lack of adequate housing and employment.
    McBride v. Monroe Co. OFC, 
    798 N.E.2d 185
    , 199 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). The trial
    court may also consider a parent’s failure to respond to services. Lang v. Starke
    Co. OFC, 
    861 N.E.2d 366
    , 372 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007), trans. denied. “[H]abitual
    patterns of conduct must be evaluated to determine whether there is a
    substantial probability of future neglect or deprivation.” Stone, 
    656 N.E.2d at 828
    . A trial court “need not wait until the children are irreversibly influenced
    by their deficient lifestyle such that their physical, mental and social growth is
    permanently impaired before terminating the parent-child relationship.” 
    Id.
    Furthermore, “[c]lear and convincing evidence need not reveal that the
    continued custody of the parents is wholly inadequate for the child’s very
    1
    Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written in the disjunctive; therefore, DCS is required to prove
    only one of three listed elements. See In re A.K., 
    924 N.E.2d at 220-21
    . In this case, the trial court based its
    termination decision on DCS’s satisfaction of Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)(i) & (ii)—that the
    conditions that resulted in the Child’s removal have not been remedied and the continuation of the parent-
    child relationship poses a threat to the Child’s well-being.
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    survival. Rather, it is sufficient to show by clear and convincing evidence that
    the child’s emotional and physical development are threatened by the
    respondent parent’s custody.” K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d at 1230.
    [18]   The trial court found that
    There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted
    in [the Child’s] removal and continued placement outside the
    home will not be remedied by her [M]other. Two years have
    elapsed since [the Child’s] CHINS case was filed and no services
    have been completed to address domestic violence, past trauma
    and mental health concerns, and stable independent housing with
    adequate income. Sobriety has also not been demonstrated.
    (Appellants’ App. Vol. II, p. 83).
    [19]   In support of her argument that the conditions which resulted in the removal of
    the Child have been remedied, Mother admits that while there might have been
    a brief period of homelessness, she now has secured stable housing with a
    friend. At the time of the termination hearing, she reported that she had several
    job interviews and was financially supported by her friend until she could find
    suitable employment. She claims to have voluntarily addressed her domestic
    violence and trauma concerns by seeing a therapist every other week upon her
    release from incarceration and voluntarily submitted to drug screens through an
    independent agency. Despite her challenges in parenting the Child during
    supervised visitations, Mother asserts that she enjoys a close bond with her
    daughter.
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2231 | February 21, 2019   Page 12 of 18
    [20]   Upon review of the evidence, we find that DCS clearly established that Mother
    did not remedy the conditions which resulted in the removal of the Child in the
    first place. Mother was referred to case management services on August 1,
    2016; however, due to non-participation, the service was closed out by
    November 2016. Even when DCS offered to reestablish certain services after
    these had been discontinued due to Mother’s noncompliance, Mother refused.
    Likewise, Mother failed to successfully complete therapy to address her trauma
    and domestic violence issues. Although Mother voluntarily attended therapy
    sessions prior to the termination hearing, these services were not conducted
    through DCS and information from the sessions was not submitted to the trial
    court or DCS.
    [21]   At the termination hearing, it was revealed that Mother did not have any
    “independent housing during the CHINS case” and was living with a friend
    since January 2018. (Appellant’s App. Vol. II, p. 83). While Mother’s friend
    allowed her to stay until she got on her feet, this housing arrangement was
    fragile because Mother’s friend testified that she intended to turn Mother out if
    she relapsed into substance abuse. Moreover, the friend herself relied on
    support from her estranged husband, resulting in the trial court to conclude that
    “[a]lthough the housing is stable, it can change at any time.” (Appellant’s App.
    Vol. II, p. 83). Even though Mother testified to being drug-free, she failed to
    submit to drug screens to monitor compliance. Only about 5 were received by
    DCS, and the test results were “mostly positive.” (Tr. p. 84). The drug screen
    referral was eventually closed out for noncompliance. If Mother had been
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    compliant with engaging in random drug screens since July 2016, DCS would
    have received results for “more than 50 drug screens.” (Tr. p. 81). Mother now
    draws attention to the drug screens that she voluntarily performed through an
    independent agency, but this action is not the same as complying with the
    particular services referred to her by DCS, which included more than drug
    screening. At the time of the termination hearing, Mother still had not secured
    employment, instead relying on her friend for financial support and excusing
    herself by claiming that her background made it hard for her to find
    employment.
    [22]   Even though Mother attempted to regularly visit with the Child when she was
    not incarcerated, she never progressed to unsupervised visitation. During the
    visits, it was clear that Mother and Child are bonded and clearly love each
    other. However, testimony also reflected that, lately, the visitations had
    become problematic. At times, the Child would become disrespectful and
    unruly. Mother did not always respond to these tantrums appropriately and
    would break down in tears or end the visit early.
    [23]   Accordingly, as the record reflects substantive evidence documenting Mother’s
    pattern of inability, unwillingness, and lack of commitment to address parenting
    problems, to cooperate with services, to address her substance abuse problem,
    and her failure to otherwise successfully complete the participation services, the
    trial court’s conclusion that there is a reasonable probability that the conditions
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    that resulted in the Child’s removal from Mother’s care have not been remedied
    was not clearly erroneous. 2
    B. Best Interests of the Child
    [24]   Mother also challenges the trial court’s determination that termination of her
    parental rights is in the best interests of the Child. The parent-child relationship
    is “one of the most valued relationships in our culture.” Bester, 839 N.E.2d at
    147 (quoting Neal v. DeKalb Cnty. Div of Family & Children, 
    796 N.E.2d 280
    , 285
    (Ind. 2003)). Thus, the purpose of terminating a parent-child relationship is to
    protect the child, not to punish the parent. In re C.C., 
    788 N.E.2d 847
    , 855 (Ind.
    Ct. App. 2003), trans. denied. When considering whether termination would be
    in a child’s best interests, the trial court must “look beyond the factors identified
    by [DCS] and . . . look to the totality of the evidence.” A.D.S. v. Ind. Dep’t of
    Child Servs., 
    987 N.E.2d 1150
    , 1158 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied. “The
    trial court need not wait until the child is irreversibly harmed such that the
    child’s physical, mental and social development is permanently impaired before
    terminating the parent-child relationship.” K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d at 1235.
    Permanency is a central consideration in determining a child’s best interests.
    Id. “[T]he right of parents to raise their children should not be terminated solely
    2
    Because Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written in the disjunctive and we affirmed the trial
    court’s conclusion that the conditions that resulted in the Child’s removal have not been remedied, we will
    not address whether the continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the Child’s well-being.
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    because there is a better home available for the children.” In re K.S., 
    750 N.E.2d 832
    , 837 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001).
    [25]   In concluding that termination would serve the Child’s best interests, the trial
    court relied, in part, on FCM’s Trujillo testimony which supported termination
    “due to [Mother’s] poor decisions, her relying on others for stability, and the
    current caregivers being committed to [the Child],” as well as the GAL’s
    statement not to allow Mother more time because “she failed to do what
    needed to be done and it would be unfair to deny [the Child] permanency.”
    (Appellant’s App. Vol. II, p. 84).
    [26]   It is well established that “[a] parent’s historical inability to provide a suitable
    environment, along with the parent’s current inability to do the same, supports
    a finding that termination of parental rights is in the best interests of the
    children.” In re J.C., 
    994 N.E.2d 278
    , 290 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). Moreover, the
    testimony of the DCS caseworker and child advocates is sufficient to support
    the trial court’s conclusion that termination is in the Child’s best interests. See
    McBride, 
    798 N.E.2d at 203
    . Here, DCS, the Child’s GAL, and FCM Trujillo
    all testified regarding their concerns about Mother’s inability to take proper care
    of the Child. There is no dispute that Mother loves her; however, Mother did
    not have stable housing, employment, or a demonstrated and continued
    abstinence from methamphetamine.
    [27]   Furthermore, by the time of the termination hearing, the Child had been
    removed from Mother’s care for more than twenty months, during which time
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    she thrived. Even though the Child is doing well, testimony by Foster Parents
    revealed that she has become susceptible to nightmares and wakes up crying
    after the visits with Mother resumed in January 2018. Foster Parents noticed
    that the Child is “really tired” and “completely drained of all her energy”
    following visits. (Tr. p. 70). The Child was referred for therapeutic services to
    identify any stress and to learn coping skills. While, at first, the Child was
    observed to be carefree, she later started to express anger. The therapist
    correlated the Child’s acting out with the parenting time sessions with Mother,
    and opined that the visits are a trigger for the Child’s adverse behavior.
    [28]   In her appellate brief, Mother identified concerns with Foster Parents’ finances
    and mental health as a reason weighing against the trial court’s conclusion. On
    cross-examination, Foster Parents dispelled these concerns, with foster mother
    explaining that she had received financial assistance a long time ago but was
    now working full-time. She clarified that she had never been diagnosed with
    any mental health issue and had no problems at the time of the hearing.
    [29]   Therefore, based on the totality of the evidence, we find that there is ample
    support for the trial court’s determination that termination of Mother’s parental
    rights is in the Child’s best interests.
    C. Satisfactory Plan
    [30]   As a final contention, Mother challenges DCS’s plan for the future care and
    treatment of the Child. In order for the trial court to terminate the parent-child
    relationship, the court must find that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and
    Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2231 | February 21, 2019   Page 17 of 18
    treatment of the child. In re S.L.H.S., 
    885 N.E.2d 603
    , 618 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008).
    This plan need not be detailed, so long as it offers a general sense of the
    direction in which the child will be going after the parent-child relationship is
    terminated. 
    Id.
     Here, DCS’s plan was for the Child to be adopted by Foster
    Parents. Accordingly, the evidence supports the trial court’s finding that DCS
    had a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the Child. See In re D.D.,
    
    804 N.E.2d 258
    , 268 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004) (concluding that the State’s plan for
    child to be adopted by current foster parents or another family constitutes a
    suitable plan for child’s future care), trans. denied.
    CONCLUSION
    [31]   Based on the foregoing, we conclude that DCS presented clear and convincing
    evidence to support the trial court’s order terminating Mother’s parental rights
    to the Child.
    [32]   Affirmed.
    [33]   Kirsch, J. and Robb, J. concur
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