Miller v. Illinois Central Railway Co. , 89 Iowa 567 ( 1894 )

Bothrock, J.

It appears from the evidence that the plaintiff was what is known as “head brakeman” on a freight train of the defendant, and, just before he received the injury of which he complains, he was riding in the cab of the engine. No question is made as to that being the proper place for him to ride when not employed at the brakes. The alleged injury was received in the night, as the train approached a station called “'Delaware Center,” on its trip westward from the city of Dubuque. The plaintiff left his place in the cab, and went out over the tender, to get on the top of the cars, to attend to his duties while the train was approaching the station. The manhole is an opening in the tank part of the tender, and near the back part of it, into which the water spouts, at water stations, are placed to receive water in the tank, to make steam for the engine. This opening or hole is in the center of the tank, that is, it is equidistant from the sides of the tank. In crossing over the center of the tender and tank, the plaintiff stepped on the lid over the manhole, and, when he placed his weight on the lid, it did not sustain him, but slipped away, and turned up, and his leg went down, and was injured. This is the substance of the plaintiff’s claim, as detailed by him in his testimony as a witness on the trial.

We have thus briefly stated the grounds upon which recovery is sought. If the plaintiff was in the line of his duty in taking the direction he did to get on top of the train, and in stepping on the covering of the manhole, and was not negligent in failing to discover that it was defective or out of position, he was entitled to recover, if the manhole was improperly or negligently covered, either by reason of the lid' being improperly placed over the manhole, or because of the manhole being improperly constructed, or out of repair and in an unsafe condition. It would appear from this statement that the issues in the case were plain ánd unambiguous, and .a review of the questions involved upon an appeal ought not to be atteuded with difficulty. But a great many questions were raised during the trial. Many of these question will be disposed of in a general way, without special mention of them. Such as we think require particular consideration will be set out.

i. evidence: er^ instruction^to jnry. I. There was evidence introduced by the plaintiff to the effect that the manhole in question and cover thereof were constructed in a different manner from those on other engines. This evj¿[ence was objected to by the defendant, and complaint is made because the objection was overruled. Whatever may be said of the competency of this evidence, it was no prejudice, because the court instructed the jury, as to the construction of the engine, as follows: “There is no contention on the part of the plaintiff in this case that the engine and tender are not of good make and approved pattern, and evidence of these qualities was excluded by the court when offered by the defendant.” And the court further instructed the jury as follows: “It is contended by the plaintiff that the fireman on the engine was negligent in not placing the covering back on the manhole when he took water, or that the company was negligent in not keeping the rim of the manhole in proper condition to receive the top, and keep it in place by means of arms or brackets that fitted inside the rim of the manhole and kept the cap in place,” These instructions embraced all there was in the case when it was submitted to the jury. There was no question as to the proper construction of the manhole and the cover thereof. It is true that there was evidence to the effect that the lid of the manhole on some engines was attached to the manhole by hinges, and in some respects was different from others. In view of the fact that there was no real question that the engine upon which the plaintiff received his injury was of proper construction and approved pattern, evidence as-to the construction of other engines was wholly imma-' terial, and should not have been introduced; but, as it was excluded by the instruction above set out, there was no prejudice to the defendant in this respect.

„ _ . cuse“^0eyi-: denee. II. The plaintiff introduced a witness who testified that it was usual and customary for brakemen, in going over the tender, to step on the lid °f the manhole. We do not understand counsel to object to this line of evidence, it was surely proper for the plaintiff to show that he was in the line of his> duty when he received the injury, and that he pursued the course usually adopted by men in -that employment under similar circumstances. Jeffrey v. K. & D. M. Railway Co., 56 Iowa, 546; Whitsett v. Chi., R. I. &. P. Railway Co., 67 Iowa, 150. The objection of the defendant is that the witness was allowed to state what he would do under the same circumstances, and what was considered a safe course to pursue. We need not set out the questions and answers to which objection is made. When the whole testimony of the witness is considered, the objections do hot appear to be well taken. The questions and answers show that the witness did not give his own opinion of the proper course to pursue.

3. . . ! III. One «Weald was called as a witness by the plaintiff. He testified that he was a freight brakeman, and that he remembered engine number 365, and of going out with that engine drawing the train quite often, and he stated that it was not his custom to step on the lid of the manhole, and that he did not know what the custom was. It does not appear from the abstract that the witness was cross-examined at that time. His testimony in chief was favorable to the defendant. This witness was afterward recalled by the defendant for further1 cross-examination, and the cross-examination and re-examination were as follows:

“When on the stand, you said in reply to a question by the gentleman on the other side as to whether it is the custom to step on the lid or cover of the manhole. and then step on the next car, that that is not the way you did it? A. Well, I done it once, and it caved in. I thought I had better quit. I did not make that a practice. I don’t think it is the practice or custom todo that on the Illinois Central.” “Do you know what the custom was on the Illinois Central Railroad as to the brakemen 'stepping on the lid of the tank? (Objected to, as notproper cross-examination, improper, and incompetent.) By counsel for defendant to the court: This is merely a question that we omitted to ask the witness when he was on the stand before. (Objection sustained, and defendant duly excepts.)” Redirect examination by the plaintiff: “You testified that you stepped on this lid, and it caved in. "What engine was that you did that on? (Objected to,' as improper and incompetent, — ‘We asked him generally, and not as to this -particular engine;’ also, as irrelevant and immaterial. Objection overruled, and the defendant duly excepts.) A. It was'on engine number 365.”

We think the court should have sustained the motion to strike out the testimony of the witness, and that it was error to allow it to go to the jury. Engine number 365 was the one on which the plaintiff received his injury, and if the plaintiff had, in the examination in chief, sought tó prove that another person had stepped on this manhole, and found it deficiently covered, it would have been error to admit the evidence. Hudson v. Chi. & N. W. Railway Co., 59 Iowa, 581; Bell v. Chi. B. & Q. Railway Co., 64 Iowa, 321; Phillips v. Town of Willow, 34 N. W. Rep. (Wis.) 731. As we understand it, the evidence drawn out by the defendant was strictly in the line of proper cross-examination. The re-examination, it is true, was directed to the same subject-matter as the cross-examination. We discover no reason why the defendant should be required to remain silent during the redirect examination, and allow incompetent evidence to be introduced, because counsel did not move to exclude the statement of the witness that he <{done it once, and it caved in.” It was the right of the defendant to have all the evidence of this witness in reference to the engine upon which the plaintiff sustained his injury withdrawn from the consideration of the jury.

IY. As the judgment must be reversed for the error last above considered, it is proper to say, in view of a new trial, that the failure of the fireman to notify the plaintiff that the lid of the manhole was in an unsafe and dangerous condition is not a ground of negligence averred in the petition, and that question should not have been submitted to the jury. We do not intend to hold, however, that, with proper averments, the knowledge of the fireman, and his failure to communicate any defects in the manhole to the plaintiff, may not be evidence of negligence. There are no other grounds of complaint on the part of the appellant which appear to us to demand consideration. Revebsed.