McCormick v. Merritt , 131 Iowa 160 ( 1905 )

Sherwin, C. J.—

1. land constructi'on.on The appellant contends that the agreement to dedicate the streets did not include an agreement to procure an acceptance of the dedication or of the streets, and that he performed his entire agreement when he tendered the deeds to the city.

It is doubtful whether the contract alone, and without other evidence showing the intent of the parties, will bear the construction contended for by the appellee. The provision that Twentieth street shall be dedicated, “ that the said part of said street be included in the sale ” to the defendant for future dedication, indicates that an acceptance by the city was not contemplated by the parties when the contract was entered into. A dedication for highway or street purposes may become effective as against the dedicator without formal acceptance of the street or highway, and in some instances even without any acceptance thereof. It is true there can be no completed dedication without an acceptance. Code, section 751; Elliott on B-oads & Streets, section 150, and cases cited. But the parties were at liberty to make such a contract with reference thereto as they saw fit, and by it they are bound. The evidence shows, however, that both parties construed the contract to mean a dedication by deeds accepted by the city, and, having so construed the contract themselves, they should now be bound by such construction. McDaniels v. Whitney, 38 Iowa, 60; Thompson v. Loche, 65 Iowa, 432.

2. waiver or S£m0N<w The appellant further contends that there was a waiver of the condition or agreement because the appellee accepted the deed of the land, and executed and delivered the notes and mortgage, when he knew that the city had not accepted the streets. Before executing the papers he had been advised by the appellant’s agent, through whom he bought the land, that the acceptance of the streets by the city was merely a matter of form, and that it would soon be procured. He thereafter forwarded the payment agreed on, together with the notes and the mortgage, to this agent, at his request, and with a request of his own that the deeds of dedication be recorded and the entire deal fixed up according to agreement. This was not a waiver, but a requirement that the agreement be fully-complied with, and this was distinctly understood and assented to by the plaintiff’s agent, who received the payment and the notes and mortgage.

3. Merger. Nor do we think there was a merger. Ordinarily a merger depends largely on the intent of the parties, and it is conclusively shown here that it was the intention of both

parties that there should be no merger. Wickersham, v. Reeves & Miller, 1 Iowa, 413; Lyon v. McIllvaine, 24 Iowa, 12.

4- conveyance;1Furthermore, the delivery of the deed and of the notes and mortgage were contemporaneous acts, and the deed was accepted and the notes and mortgage executed on conditions which may be shown by parol or otherwise. See 21 Am. & Eng. Enc. 1097, and cases cited. It would be extremely inequitable to hold that there is a merger in law, when both parties to the contract understood there should be none. We find no merit in the appellant’s contention on this branch of the case.

5. purchase GAGE*YforeSoscíntract1acdamagesThe real question of difficulty in this case is whether the plaintiff is entitled to recover on the notes without first procuring an acceptance of the streets by the city. He agreed to procure such acceptance, and under 01’dinary -circumstances he would be compelled perform his contract in order to recover on the notes; and this, on the theory that a man should not he permitted to elect whether he will perform his covenant or only pay damages for the breach of it. But the situation in this case is somewhat peculiar. A conveyance was made and the defendant put in possession thereunder with the mutual understanding that the acceptance of the dedication was a formal matter only. The city, however, declined to accept it until the proposed extensions of the streets were graded, and pnt in proper condition. If the streets are filled to bring them np to the official grade, it will be a damage to the property in question, and the defendant does not want that done; but he does want the grade changed. He further says in his testimony that, if it is necessary to have the streets filled to procure an acceptance of the dedication, he “ does not want that done.” It is further shown that none of the streets in that vicinity are improved with reference to the official grade, and it iá not likely that the ones in question will be. It is manifest that the plaintiff is under no obligation to procure a- change of grade that shall be satisfactory to the defendant, and it is equally as evident that the defendant does not want the streets in question brought,to the present official grade. Hnder these conditions should the plaintiff be denied all relief, and be further required to procure the establishment and acceptance of a grade by the city ? We think not. Neither of the parties contemplated that the dedication and acceptance would involve the establishment of a grade or the grading of a street. This is apparent from the contract itself, and is so declared by the parties. We see no- reason why the defendant may not be fully compensated in- damages, and think that he should be afforded such relief only. The plaintiff should recover the amount due on his notes and mortgage, less the sum found' on trial to be due the defendant as damages. We should not attempt to fix the damages in this court, for obvious reasons, and remand the case- for the ascertainment thereof in the trial court, if any there be, and for a judgment in harmony with this opinion.

The case is reversed and remanded.