Olympia Rachelle Cooks v. State of Iowa ( 2023 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 21-1610
Filed March 8, 2023
OLYMPIA RACHELLE COOKS,
Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA,
Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Hardin County, Amy M. Moore,
Judge.
The applicant appeals the denial of her application for post-conviction relief.
AFFIRMED.
Shawn Smith of The Smith Law Firm, PC, Ames, for appellant.
Brenna Bird, Attorney General, and Zachary Miller, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Greer and Chicchelly, JJ.
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GREER, Judge.
A jury convicted Olympia Cooks of one count of threat of terrorism under
Iowa Code section 708A.5 (2018) and three counts of harassment in the second
degree under section 708.7. Cooks appealed her convictions, which were affirmed
after she failed to preserve error on her claims. State v. Cooks, No. 19-1601, 2020
WL 4201761, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. July 22, 2020). Turning from that, Cooks then
petitioned for postconviction relief (PCR), arguing for relief based on newly
discovered evidence and ineffective assistance of counsel. The PCR court
rejected these arguments. Cooks now appeals over her ineffective-assistance-of-
counsel claim. We affirm, finding Cooks failed to meet her burden to prove
ineffective assistance of counsel.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings.
On May 23, 2018, Cooks, an African American woman, made several calls
to her son’s school about discipline her son received. Cooks acted hostile and
argumentative during these calls, remarking she would come to the school and
“blow the fucking place up” and would get her “crew” and “snatch” her son from the
school. In response to these threats, school administrators placed the campus on
lockdown for the day.
As a result of this incident, Cooks was charged with a threat of terrorism
under section 708A.5 and three counts of harassment in the second degree under
section 708.7. The matter proceeded to a jury trial on July 16, 2019.
On the day of trial, before proceedings started, Cooks’s trial counsel
objected to the jury pool being “100 percent white,” and asserted the general jury
management practice led “to an exclusion of African American members of the jury
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venire.” Cooks’s trial counsel did not offer any support for the objection, only
stating that he believed the countywide African American population was 0.62% in
2000.1 The court overruled the objection, finding that Cooks did not meet her
burden to prove any alleged underrepresentation or systematic exclusion of
members of her race. See State v. Plain, 898 N.W.2d 801, 821 (Iowa 2017).
With that pretrial ruling, the case proceeded to trial and the jury convicted
Cooks of all four charges. Sentencing occurred two months later. Following an
unsuccessful direct appeal, Cooks applied for PCR in January 2021, and the PCR
court heard the matter in September 2021. The court issued an order, denying
Cooks’s petition as to all issues raised. Cooks now appeals that denial.
II. Standard of Review.
“Generally, an appeal from a denial of an application for [PCR] is reviewed
for correction of errors at law.” Goode v. State, 920 N.W.2d 520, 523 (Iowa 2018)
(citation omitted). But, “[w]hen the applicant’s claims are of a constitutional nature,
this court engages in a de novo review.” Lado v. State, 804 N.W.2d 248, 250 (Iowa
2011).
III. Discussion.
To show trial counsel was constitutionally deficient in his performance,
Cooks must prove both that counsel breached an essential duty and that breach
resulted in prejudice. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984).
“We presume counsel performed competently unless the claimant proves
otherwise by a preponderance of the evidence. Counsel’s performance is
1In his defense for the lack of support, defense counsel explained he only learned
of the jury pool makeup the day before trial.
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measured objectively against the prevailing professional norms after considering
all the circumstances.” State v. Booth-Harris, 942 N.W.2d 562, 577 (Iowa 2020)
(internal citation omitted). Establishing prejudice requires Cooks to a show a
reasonable probability that but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, “the result of
the proceeding would have been different.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. “If we
conclude a claimant has failed to establish either of these elements, we need not
address the remaining element.” State v. Thorndike, 860 N.W.2d 316, 319 (Iowa
2015).
In this appeal, Cooks alleges that her trial counsel’s failure to fully
investigate an objection to an all-white jury pool constituted ineffective assistance.
To establish a violation of a fair-cross-section requirement of the Sixth
Amendment,2 Cooks had the burden to show:
(1) a group alleged to have been excluded is a “distinctive” group in
the community, (2) the group’s representation in jury pools is not “fair
and reasonable” when considered against the group’s percentage in
the community, and (3) the group’s underrepresentation “is due to
systematic exclusion of the group in the jury-selection process.”
Lilly, 969 N.W.2d at 797 (citations omitted).
Cooks acknowledges her counsel challenged the jury makeup before trial,
but she contends that trial counsel did not fully investigate the issue nor present
evidence to support the violation of her constitutional right to a fair trial, which
constituted deficient performance. Had counsel fully investigated this issue and if
2This right protected by the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution is
also protected by article one, section ten of the Iowa Constitution. We use the
same three-part test under both, see State v. Lilly, 930 N.W.2d 293, 301 (2019),
but the application is slightly different, State v. Lilly, 969 N.W.2d 794, 798–99 (Iowa
2022).
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the objection were sustained, Cooks argues, a new, fair jury pool would have been
selected, which would have protected her Sixth Amendment and her article one,
section ten rights.
At the PCR hearing, trial counsel offered that he learned about the all-white
jury pool the day before trial and, rather than expending large amounts of time
investigating an objection he knew was unlikely to succeed, he focused on
preparing for other aspects of trial. But, we do not need to evaluate if his decision
to focus on other matters was a reasonable trial strategy as Cooks must also show
that strategy prejudiced her to succeed on her claim. See Everett v. State, 789
N.W.2d 151, 158 (Iowa 2010). Certainly, trial counsel did not develop the requisite
elements to challenge the jury on the basis of a fair-cross-section claim, but under
this record, Cooks has not shown the challenge would have succeeded. See State
v. Carroll, 767 N.W.2d 638, 645 (Iowa 2009) (“[C]ounsel has no duty to pursue a
meritless issue.”).
In the end, Cooks failed to prove prejudice from any alleged error committed
by her trial counsel. And, in her appellate brief, Cooks admits that the all-white
jury pool may have been fair and reasonable based on the makeup of that
community.3 Additionally, Cooks has not shown that any jury-selection practice
caused underrepresentation of a group. Because Cooks still has not established
the second or third prong of the fair-cross-section test, she has failed to prove that
she was prejudiced by trial counsel’s alleged failures in making the fair-cross-
3Specifically, Cooks states, “Perhaps, if trial counsel had done his due diligence
and adequately investigated the population and the practices in Hardin County he
would have discovered the all-white jury pool was a fair cross-section of the
community.”
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section challenge. See Dunbar v. State, 515 N.W.2d 12, 15 (Iowa 1994)
(explaining that, to show prejudice, the applicant must “identify how competent
representation probably would have changed the outcome”).
For all of these reasons, we affirm the PCR court on appeal.
AFFIRMED.