State of Iowa v. Stephone Ann Kriens ( 2021 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 20-1232
Filed November 3, 2021
STATE OF IOWA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
STEPHONE ANN KRIENS,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Brendan E. Greiner,
District Associate Judge.
Stephone Kriens appeals her convictions for operating while intoxicated,
third offense, and tampering with an ignition interlock device. AFFIRMED.
Martha J. Lucey, State Appellate Defender, and Bradley M. Bender,
Assistant Appellate Defender, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Louis S. Sloven, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee.
Considered by Bower, C.J., and Vaitheswaran and Schumacher, JJ.
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BOWER, Chief Judge.
Stephone Kriens appeals her convictions for operating while intoxicated
(OWI), third offense, and tampering with or circumventing an ignition interlock
device. She asserts her motion to suppress was wrongly rejected and the court
abused its sentencing discretion. We find the vehicle stop was supported by
reasonable suspicion of unlawful activity, so the motion to suppress was properly
denied, and the court provided adequate reasons for imposing consecutive
sentences. Thus, we affirm.
At about 4:35 p.m. on October 19, 2019, West Des Moines Police Officer
Andrew Hofbauer received a “be on the lookout” alert (BOLO) from dispatch,
containing information that had been passed on by the Osceola Police
Department: an intoxicated driver in a 1997 Ford Taurus (including the color and
license plate number of the vehicle) was headed north from Osceola, a family
member had blown into the driver’s interlock device, and the interlock device had
been disconnected.
At 5:16 p.m., Officer Hofbauer was stationed along I-35 when he saw the
vehicle described in the BOLO. He caught up with the vehicle and observed it
weave within its lane and “ma[k]e a jerky motion back.” Suspecting the driver was
intoxicated, Officer Hofbauer conducted a traffic stop. On approaching the driver,
the officer noted she had “bloodshot, watery eyes.” The driver, Kriens, denied
drinking and disabling the interlock device. Kriens was removed from her vehicle,
and Officer Hofbauer noticed the odor of alcoholic beverages emanating from her.
Kriens performed poorly on field sobriety tests and eventually admitted drinking
one shot of gin. She was placed in the officer’s vehicle.
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Officer Hofbauer returned to Kriens’s vehicle and looked through the driver’s
side window. He saw the “interlock device was disconnected showing that it was
unplugged or not operational.” Kriens had a restricted driver’s license, requiring
an ignition interlock through February 1, 2020.
Kriens was transported to the police station. A breathalyzer test indicated
Kriens had a blood alcohol level of .185, more than twice the legal limit. Kriens
was charged with OWI, third offense, and tampering with or circumventing an
ignition interlock device.
Kriens filed a motion to suppress, contending the officer did not have
reasonable suspicion to support the traffic stop. The district court ruled from the
bench:
The court believes that the question is whether there was reasonable
[articulable] suspicion of intoxicated driving, and the court will
analyze this under the Fourth Amendment of the United States and
the Iowa State Supreme Court did so under State v. Kooima, 833
N.W.2d 202 (Iowa 2013).
In Kooima the court was confronted with an issue of whether
the tip of an intoxicated driver was reliable. The court established
three factors that the court should consider when deciding whether a
tip of an intoxicated driver should be enough to necessitate a stop.
First, whether the tip gives an accurate description of the vehicle
including the location so that the police could identify the vehicle.
Second, whether the tip was based on information of a personal eye
witness made contemporaneous with the crime in progress that was
carried out in public identifiable and observable by anyone. And
three, whether the caller describes specific examples of traffic
violations.
. . . . [Here,] the information was documented through the
Osceola dispatch and relayed to the West Des Moines Police
Department.
Going back to Kooima, we do have a very accurate
description of the vehicle. We know the gender of the driver, we
know the vehicle’s location, and we know that the vehicle was
possibly going to Des Moines from Osceola. When the [BOLO] was
given to the Osceola dispatchers [was] at 4:30 [p.m]. Approximately
[forty-five] minutes later the officer made the observations of the car.
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So we do have a contemporaneous location of the vehicle with what
was provided to dispatch given the timeframe that it would take to
travel from Osceola to West Des Moines and we do have[, in] this
court’s opinion[,] personal eye witness observations of the crime in
progress, and that is the bypass of the ignition interlock device. That
would give the person giving the information an indication that the
driver of the car was intoxicated at the time. That is a very specific
crime that is being relayed to dispatch along with a specific example
of the traffic violation.
The court does believe that bypassing an ignition interlock is
a specific example of a traffic violation. You take all that information
along with the weaving of the defendant’s car observed by the officer
made during a time of day in which there was a moderate amount of
traffic on the interstate traveling at interstate speeds, and in the
court’s opinion the officer would be remiss in failing to stop the
defendant’s vehicle to determine if there was criminal activity afoot.
The court does find by a preponderance of the evidence that
there was reasonable articulable suspicion of intoxicated driving
under the Fourth Amendment. When Officer Hofbauer activated his
lights and sirens to pullover the vehicle and the subsequent evidence
that was obtained from the investigation was accordingly obtained
consistent with the Fourth Amendment doctrine. The court,
therefore, denies the defendant’s motion to suppress.
Kriens waived a jury for her trial. The defense called Kriens’s husband. He
testified he owned the vehicle Kriens was driving on October 19 and that the
interlock device twice came unhooked while he was driving. He stated he called
the interlock device company on how to resolve the issue but he did not follow
through with the company’s suggestion until after October 19. The court found
Kriens guilty as charged.
At the sentencing hearing, the State recommended the court impose terms
of imprisonment on both counts, to be served consecutively. The defense argued
for suspended, concurrent sentences. The court sentenced Kriens to consecutive
terms.
Kriens appeals, arguing the court erred in denying her motion to suppress
and in failing to provide adequate reasons for imposing consecutive sentences.
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Motion to suppress. Rulings on constitutional issues are reviewed de novo.
See State v. Young, 863 N.W.2d 249, 252 (Iowa 2015). “We give deference to the
district court’s fact findings due to its opportunity to assess the credibility of the
witnesses, but we are not bound by those findings.” State v. Storm, 898 N.W.2d
140, 144 (Iowa 2017) (citation omitted).
“To justify an investigatory stop, the State must prove by a preponderance
of the evidence that the stopping officer had ‘specific and articulable facts, which
taken together with rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant[ed]
that intrusion.’” State v. Baker, 925 N.W.2d 602, 611 (Iowa 2019) (alteration in
original) (citation omitted). “We consider the circumstances under which the stop
was made in light of the totality of the circumstances confronting the stopping
officer, including all information available to the officer when he decided to make
the stop.” Id. “The purpose of an investigatory stop is to allow a police officer to
confirm or dispel suspicions of criminal activity through reasonable questioning.”
State v. Kreps, 650 N.W.2d 636, 641 (Iowa 2002).
The district court’s ruling appropriately summarized and considered the
totality of the circumstances known to the stopping officer, including the information
contained in the BOLO of an intoxicated driver having circumvented an interlock
device, and the officer’s personal observations in West Des Moines of a vehicle
weaving on the interstate and matching the BOLO description within the
approximate travel time from Osceola. We agree with the district court that “the
officer would be remiss in failing to stop the defendant’s vehicle to determine if
there was criminal activity afoot.” On our de novo review, the traffic stop was
supported by reasonable suspicion.
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Consecutive sentences. A sentencing court has wide authority to exercise
discretion in order to “give the necessary latitude to the decision-making process,”
and that “inherent latitude in the process properly limits our review.” State v.
Formaro, 638 N.W.2d 720, 725 (Iowa 2002). A sentencing court must “state on
the record its reason for selecting the particular sentence” imposed. Iowa R. Crim.
P. 2.23(3)(d). “[B]y requiring reasons for a particular sentence to be on the record,
a reviewing court will be able to assess whether there has been an abuse of
discretion in sentencing.” State v. Thacker, 862 N.W.2d 402, 407 (Iowa 2015).
“While the rule requires a statement of reasons on the record, a ‘terse and succinct’
statement may be sufficient, ‘so long as the brevity of the court’s statement does
not prevent review of the exercise of the trial court’s sentencing discretion.’” Id. at
408 (citation omitted).
After hearing the recommendations of the parties and Kriens’s allocution,
the court noted Kriens appeared to now accept responsibility and acknowledge her
need for growth. The court stated it also had to consider:
First of all, this is, of course, a third offense—of driving
offense. And it’s the third offense that happened within two years.
That at the time that this offense occurred, . . . the department of
transportation . . . required you to have an Ignition Interlock Device
in your car. That device is something that I think is important for folks
who are in your position to really show that you can maintain your
sobriety and not be a danger when you are on the road.
And I made a finding that you went against that and that you
ended up driving your car from Osceola all the way up to southern
Polk County. And at the time, you had a breath alcohol concentration
of .185 at that time, so that was a very dangerous situation.
One, where—had you made one wrong move as a result of
your intoxicated driving, you could’ve killed yourself and you could
have killed some other folks. And I take that very seriously.
So—it’s not with—something that I enjoy doing, but I do, in
fact, believe that prison is appropriate. And so I’m going to impose
a five-year term of incarceration on Count 1. And a one-year term
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incarceration on Count 2 and for those sentences to run
consecutively because of the very serious nature of the offense. And
because you were on probation for two other OWI’s at the time that
this happened.
But I say that—that not because I believe that you are a bad
person, Ms. Kriens, but because you make very poor decisions when
you’re intoxicated. You endanger the public. It tells me that we
probably need to have some more checks on you before we can be
satisfied that you are fully rehabilitated. Now I think that the
rehabilitative programs that they are going to have available for you
at the Department of Corrections while incarcerated will help you with
that journey.
While terse, the court provided adequate reasons for imposing consecutive
sentences. We find no abuse of the court’s sentencing discretion. We therefore
affirm.
AFFIRMED.