State of Iowa v. Timmie Alexander ( 2016 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 15-1759
Filed June 15, 2016
STATE OF IOWA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
TIMMIE ALEXANDER,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Robert J. Blink,
Judge.
The defendant seeks review of the district court’s denial of his motion to
correct an illegal sentence. WRIT ANNULLED.
Patrick W. O'Bryan of O’Bryan Law Firm, Des Moines, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Jean C. Pettinger, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vogel and Potterfield, JJ.
2
POTTERFIELD, Judge.
Timmie Alexander seeks review of the district court’s denial of his motion
to correct an illegal sentence. Between Alexander’s earlier convictions for
operating while intoxicated (OWI) and his present one, a statutory change
adjusted how long to look back to determine the level of the current OWI offense.
The change in statute raised the level of Alexander’s current offense, and he
maintains it violates the ex post facto prohibitions of the United States and Iowa
Constitutions.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings
In January 2004, Alexander was observed making an illegal U-turn by a
state trooper. When the trooper pulled behind Alexander and activated his lights
and sirens, Alexander sped up and led the trooper on a chase for a number of
miles. Alexander was eventually stopped, and when the trooper made contact
with Alexander, the trooper believed him to be intoxicated.
Alexander was originally charged with OWI, third offense; eluding a
pursuing law enforcement vehicle; and operating a motor vehicle while barred.
The OWI charge was categorized as a third offense due to Alexander pleading
guilty to OWI charges in June and December 1993. The State later amended the
trial information to clarify that it was seeking the application of the habitual
offender sentencing enhancement, pursuant to Iowa Code section 902.8 (2003),
on the punishment for the felony OWI and eluding charges.
Alexander had a bifurcated trial; he denied both that he had prior OWI
convictions to sustain a charge of OWI, third offense, and that he had prior felony
convictions to sustain the habitual offender sentencing enhancement. Alexander
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was first found guilty of each of the three charges. In the second phase of the
trial, the jury concluded Alexander had incurred each of the prior alleged OWI
convictions and that he was an habitual offender due to his 1994 conviction for
OWI, third offense, and his 1987 conviction of burglary in the second degree.
In August 2004, Alexander was sentenced to two terms of incarceration
not to exceed fifteen years—one for his OWI conviction and one for his eluding
conviction. He was also sentenced to a term of incarceration not to exceed two
years for his conviction for driving while barred. The sentences were ordered to
be served consecutively, for a total term of incarceration not to exceed thirty-two
years.1
Alexander initiated the present action in December 2014 when he filed a
pro se motion asking the district court to correct his illegal sentence. Alexander
was appointed counsel and a recast motion2 was filed. In September 2015,
following a hearing on the motion, the district court ruled that Alexander’s claim
was without merit and denied the motion.
Alexander appeals.
II. Standard of Review
Because Alexander raises a constitutional challenge to a statute, our
review is de novo. See State v. Stoen, 596 N.W.2d 504, 506 (Iowa 1999).
1
Alexander appealed his convictions, which a panel of this court affirmed. See State v.
Alexander, No. 04-1357, 2006 WL 3798920, at *5 (Iowa Ct. App. Dec. 28, 2006).
2
Alexander filed a motion to correct an illegal sentence and then ultimately recast it as
an application for postconviction relief. In its order, the district court stated that “a
contested reported hearing was held on Defendant’s motion to correct an illegal
sentence” and then ultimately ruled, “The motion to correct an illegal sentence is
denied.” As such, we treat this as a petition for writ of certiorari to review the court’s
denial of the motion.
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III. Discussion
A defendant may challenge an illegal sentence at any time. Iowa R. Crim.
P. 2.24(5)(a); State v. Bruegger, 773 N.W.2d 862, 869 (Iowa 2009). The filing of
a motion to correct an illegal sentence under rule 2.24(5)(a) is an appropriate
vehicle for such a challenge after the time for appeal has passed. However, a
defendant does not have the right to appeal the denial of a motion to correct an
illegal sentence under Iowa Code section 814.6(1) (2015). In this case, where
Alexander challenges his sentence as illegal, we determine the proper form of
review was by a petition for writ of certiorari. Pursuant to Iowa Rule of Appellate
Procedure 6.108, we treat his notice of appeal and briefs as a petition for writ of
certiorari and grant the writ.
Prior to the 1997 amendments, Iowa Code section 321J.2(3) limited the
“look back” period to six years, stating, “No conviction for, deferred judgment for,
or plea of guilty to, a violation of this section which occurred more than six years
prior to the date of the violation charged shall be considered in determining that
the violation charged is a second, third, or subsequent offense.” After the
amendment, when Alexander received his present OWI charge, the look back
period was twelve years. See Iowa Code §§ 321J.2(4), 321.12(4), (2003).
Because of the amendment, Alexander was charged in 2004 with OWI, third
offense, a class “D” felony.
Alexander maintains that because the look back period was not changed
until after he received his first two convictions but before he received his final
conviction, the application of the longer period violates the constitutional
prohibitions against ex post facto laws. See U.S. Const. art 1, § 10; see also
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Iowa Const. art. 1, § 21. “[L]aws that impose punishment for an act that was not
punishable when committed or that increase the quantum of punishment
provided for the crime when it was committed” violate ex posto facto prohibitions.
State v. Stoen, 596 N.W.2d 504, 507 (Iowa 1999) (alteration in original).
Our supreme court has already addressed Alexander’s claim under both
the Federal and Iowa Constitution. In Stoen, the court considered the
defendant’s challenge under the Federal Constitution, ruling on the same factual
situation and legal challenge that Alexander makes here. See id. The court held
the enhancement of the punishment for the current offense does not impose a
punishment for the prior convictions but rather punishes the offender for the
current offense as a repeat offender. Id. As the court stated, “The punishment of
[Alexander’s] violation of section 321J.2 as a third offense is exactly in accord
with the statute as it existed at the time [Alexander] committed his offense [in
January 2004].” Id. at 507–08. Thus, no ex post facto violation occurred under
the Federal Constitution. A few months later, our supreme court considered the
same challenge under the Iowa Constitution. See State v. Garcia, 600 N.W.2d
320, 321 (Iowa 1999). The court “found [its] reasoning in Stoen equally
applicable under” the Iowa Constitution and again found no violation. Id.
Stoen and Garcia are dispositive of Alexander’s claims.3 Thus, treating
this appeal as a petition for writ of certiorari, we find no illegality in the sentence
and annul the writ.
WRIT ANNULLED.
3
Alexander did not distinguish the facts of his case from either of those listed above. He
also does not ask us to overturn precedent.