State of Iowa v. Safet Velic ( 2020 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 18-1809
Filed June 3, 2020
STATE OF IOWA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
SAFET VELIC,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Bradley J.
Harris, Judge.
Safet Velic appeals his convictions for burglary and domestic abuse assault
causing bodily injury. AFFIRMED.
Stuart G. Hoover of Blair & Fitzsimmons, P.C., Dubuque, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Thomas E. Bakke, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee.
Considered by Bower, C.J., and Doyle and Schumacher, JJ.
2
BOWER, Chief Judge.
Safet Velic appeals his convictions for burglary and domestic abuse assault
causing bodily injury. Velic contends the district court erred by not excluding
testimony from the trial as hearsay. We find the testimony was properly admitted
under the excited-utterance exception to the rule against hearsay and affirm.
I. Background Facts & Proceedings
In late January 2018, a no-contact order was entered against Velic with his
wife, H.S., as the protected party. The order restricted Velic from entering the
property they owned together. On February 9, H.S. was attacked when entering
her garage. The attacker struck her on the arm and threatened her. H.S. ran
away, called 911, and sought help from neighbors; the attacker fled. Officers
responded minutes after the call and walked H.S. back to her home. H.S. identified
Velic as her attacker.
On February 21, the State charged Velic with first-degree burglary,
domestic abuse assault by use or display of a dangerous weapon, and domestic
abuse assault causing bodily injury. A jury trial was held in late July.
During trial, the court permitted the responding officer to testify to
statements made by H.S. immediately after the attack. Velic’s counsel objected
repeatedly, but the court overruled the objections, allowing the statements as
excited utterances. Velic requested a limiting instruction be given to the jury, and
the court immediately told the jury,
Ladies and gentlemen, the purpose of this testimony, although it’s an
excited utterance, is not for the truth of what’s being said, but rather
for the purpose of showing why this officer followed through and what
he did afterwards, and that these comments were made, but not that
they are truthful in and of themselves.
3
The officer then testified about his encounter with H.S. the morning of February 9.1
The jury convicted Velic of first-degree burglary, domestic abuse assault,
and domestic abuse assault causing bodily injury. The court merged the two
domestic abuse assault convictions. Velic appeals.
II. Standard of Review
“Although we normally review evidence-admission decisions by the district
court for an abuse of discretion, we review hearsay claims for correction of errors
at law.” State v. Smith, 876 N.W.2d 180, 184 (Iowa 2016), as amended (May 5,
2016). “‘[T]he question whether a particular statement constitutes hearsay
presents a legal issue,’ leaving the trial court no discretion on whether to admit or
deny admission of the statement.” Id. (alteration in original) (citation omitted).
III. Analysis
On appeal, Velic claims the court should have excluded testimony from the
responding officer describing statements made by H.S. as hearsay. Hearsay is a
statement made by a declarant outside of trial testimony, which a “party offers into
evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted in the statement.” Iowa R.
Evid. 5.801(c). Hearsay is not admissible evidence unless it falls within an
exception or exclusion specified in the constitution, a statute, the Iowa Rules of
Evidence, or other Iowa Supreme Court rule. Iowa R. Evid. 5.802. Here, the court
admitted the officer’s testimony about H.S.’s statements as excited utterances.
Velic claims the statements were not excited utterances.
1The jury also heard testimony from H.S., a second police officer, a neighbor, and
Velic.
4
An excited utterance is “[a] statement relating to a startling event or
condition, made while the declarant was under the stress of excitement that it
caused.” Iowa R. Evid. 5.803(2). “The rationale behind the exception is that
statements made under the stress of excitement are less likely to involve deception
than if made upon reflection or deliberation.” State v. Tejeda, 677 N.W.2d 744,
753 (Iowa 2004).
In determining whether a statement qualifies as an excited utterance,
the trial court should consider: “(1) the time lapse between the event
and the statement, (2) the extent to which questioning elicited the
statements that otherwise would not have been volunteered, (3) the
age and condition of the declarant, (4) the characteristics of the event
being described, and (5) the subject matter of the statement.”
State v. Harper, 770 N.W.2d 316, 319 (Iowa 2009) (citation omitted).
The officer responded within ten minutes of H.S.’s 911 call, which H.S.
made as she was running away. The statements were made in the following fifteen
minutes. The victim was visibly upset and crying when the officer arrived and still
crying when law enforcement left over an hour later. She had been attacked in her
garage and struck on her arm and was in fear of further injury. The statements
offered in testimony were a brief description of what H.S. told the police. In each
instance, the testimony gave context to the officer’s subsequent actions and
observations.
Velic asserts H.S. is not fluent in English and, therefore, any statements she
made in English to the officers were the product of conscious thought rather than
made under the stress of the excitement of the event. Velic points to the 911 call
and H.S.’s need for an interpreter during trial as support. However, Velic does not
offer any Iowa authority to support this argument.
5
In the past, the Iowa Supreme Court has found statements made by
declarants who were agitated but had calmed enough to be “able to act rationally
and function in a relatively normal manner” were nonetheless admissible as
excited utterances. State v. Mateer, 383 N.W.2d 533, 536 (Iowa 1986). We apply
that rationale here. While the officer acknowledged H.S. was hard to understand
due to the language barrier, the 911 call shows H.S. had some ability to speak
English while in distress. H.S.’s need for an interpreter at trial to understand and
provide detailed testimony does not mean she was unable to communicate what
happened to the police while under the stress of the event. H.S.’s lack of fluency
in English is not equivalent to being unable to communicate what happened while
still under the stress of the event.
Under all the facts and circumstances, we conclude the statements offered
by the officer fall within the excited-utterance exception to the hearsay rule.
AFFIRMED.