William Harry Meece v. Commonwealth of Kentucky ( 2017 )

REND.ERED:. SEPTEMBER 28, 2017
TO BE PUBLISHED
WILLIAM HARRY MEECE . APPELLANT
ON APPEAL FROM WARREN CIRCUIT COURT
v. HONORABLE JOHN GRISE, JUDGE
NO. 06-CR-00656
COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY APPELLEE
OPINION OF THE COURT BY JUSTICE KELLER
AFFIRMING
A Warren.County jury found William Harry Meece guilty of Murder (three
·counts); Burglary, first degree; and Robbery, first degree. The jury determined
beyond a reasonable doubt that aggravating circumstances existed in each of
the three murders and thereafter fixed Meece's punishment at death. This
.Court affirmed the Warren Circuit Court's judgment on direct appeal. Meece
· filed a pro se Kentucky Rule of Civil Procedure (CR) 60.02 motion:. which was
. .
supplemented by defense counsel, that .the circuit co-urt denied .. Prior to the
·ruling on his CR 60.02 motion, but afte·r filing the motion, Meece also filed a
motion under Kentucky Rule of Criminal Procedure (RCr) 11.42. His RCr
11.42 motion is still pending in circuit court. Having revfowed the arguments
!
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of the parties, we affirm the trial court's order denying Meece's CR 60.02
motion.
I. BACKGROUND
This Court previously and extensively reviewed the record in this case on
direct appeal. See Meece v. Commonwealth, 348 S.W.3d 627 (Ky. 2011). We
refrain from unnecessarily repeating ourselves here _and limit the background
to the facts and procedural history th~t are relevant to this CR 60.02 appeal.
On Febru.ary 26, 1993, Meece, at the urging of Meg Wellnitz (Wellnitz),
shot and killed Wellnitz's father, mother, and brother in their Adair County
home. In February of 2003, a grand jury returned indictments against Meece
and Wellnitz for Burglary, Robbery, and three counts of Murder.
In 2004, Meece entered into plea discussions with the Commonwealth,
and the parties reached an agreement. Meece gave two recorded statements in
compliance with the agreement, confessing to all three murders and providing
details as to how Wellnitz commissioned him to commit the crimes and how he
did so. Wellnitz also entered a guilty plea and gave a .recorded statement.
Although her statement was inconsistent with Meece's in some details, the
parties agreed that Meece had given Wellnitz money to purchase a Browning
Hi-Power 9mm gun for Meece; Wellnitz used a fake ID to make that purchase;
and Meece used that gun to kill the Wellnitzes.
Meece moved the court to withdraw his guilty plea, which the court
granted. Wellnitz proceeded with her guilty plea and was sentenced in
2
accordance with her agreement with the Commonwealth. 1 . The court once
again set Meece's case for trial, and o~ September 18, 2006, the jury returned
a verdict of guilty on all counts and subsequently recommended a sentence of
death.
As previously stated, this Court has already reviewed this case on direct
appeal and affirmed Meece's conviction and sentence. We now address Meece's
CR 60.02 motion, setting forth additional background as necessary.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Whether a Defendant is entitled
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to· the extraordinary relief provided by
CR 60.02 is a matter left to the "sound discretion of the court and the exercise
of that discretion will not be disturbed on appeal except for abuse." Brown v.
Commonwealth, 932 S.W.2d 359, 362 (Ky. 1996) (quoting Richardson v.
Brunner, 327 S.W.2d 572, 574 (Ky. 1959)). "The test for abuse of discretion is
whether the trial judge's decision was arbitrary, unreasonable, unfair, or
unsupported by sound legal prinGiples." Foley v. Commonwealth, 425 S.W.3d
880, 886 (Ky. 2014) (citing Commonwealth v. English, 993 S.W.2d 941, 945 (Ky.
1999) (internal citations omitted)). ,
III. ANALYSIS
Meece's original CR 60.02 motion set forth numerous grounds for relief.
{
However, on appeal, the issues are more limited. Meece argues two broad
grounds for relief: (1) several of the Commonwealth's witnesses gave perjured
i While serving her sentence,-Wellnitz was found in her cell in 2014, dead from
apparent suicide.
3
~estimony, leading to a deprivation of his constitutional rights; and (2) the
prosecutor committed fraud upon the Court, also leading to a violation of
IMeece's constitutional rights.
A. The purpose of CR 60.02 relief.
"CR 60.02 allows appeals based upon claims of error 'that were unknown
and could not have been known to the moving party by exercise of reasonable
diligence and in time to have been otherwise presented to the court."' Sanders
v. Gommonwealth, 339 S.W.3d 427, 437 (Ky. 2011) (quoting Young v. Edward
Technology Group, Inc., 918 S.W.2d 229, 231 (Ky. App. 1995)). The rule
provides an extraordinary form of relief, and "is not intended as merely an
additional opportunity to raise claims which could and should have been raised
in prior proceedings[.]" Sanders, 339 S.W.3d at 437. ·
"It has long been the policy of this court that errors occurring during the
trial should be corrected on direct appeal, and the grounds set forth under the·
various subsections of CR 60.02 deal with extraordinary situations which do
not as a rule appear during the process of a trial." Gross v. Commonwealth,
648 S.W.2d 853, 856 (Ky. 1983) (quoting Howard v. Commonwealth, 364
S.W.2d 809, 810 (Ky. 1963) (emphasis added)). As such, "[t]he movant must
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dempnstrate why he is entitled to this special, extraordinary relief." Gross, 648
S.W.2d at 856. The relief is extreme, limited, and reserved for those times
when justice itself requires an avenue for the plight endured by the aggrieved
party. See id.
4
CR. 60.02 is not intended to provide relief for grounds that could be
attacked through direct appeals or collateral motions such as grounds under
RCr 11.42. "[CR 60.02] is for relief that is not available by direct appeal and
not available under RCr 11.42." Gross, 648 S.W.2d at 856. This Court has
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required that "a defendant aggrieved by a judgment in a criminal case" must
· first "directly appeal that judgment, stating every ground of error which it is
reasonable to exp·ect that he or his counsel is aware of when the appeal is
taken." Id. at 857. Theh, the "defendant is required to avail himself of RCr
11.42 ... as to any ground of which he is aware, or should be aware ... ". Id.
Only after these avenues are exhausted can a defendant claim grounds for CR
60.02 relief. And the defendant cannot raise the same grounds as those for
which he claimed, or should have claimed, relief bn direct appeal or pursuant
to RCr 11.42. See id. ·"In summary, CR 60.02 is not a separate avenue of
appeal to be pursued in addition to other remedies, but is available only to
raise isslies which cannot be raised in other proceedings." McQueen v.
Commonwealth, 948 S.W.2d 415, 416 (Ky. 1997).
Although Meece attempts to obfuscate and disguise most of his
arguments, there are four main areas for which he claims relief: (1) Regina
Meade perjured herself; (2) Dell Jones perjured himself; (3) Leondus Patrick
_)
perjured himself; and (4) the prosecutor, Brian Wright, committed fraud. At
the outset, we must state· that Meece has litigated, is currently litigating, or
should have litigated all of these claims for relief. However, we address the
merits of his arguments below.
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B. Meece's claims of witnesses' perjury do not entitle him to CR 60.02
relief.
Meece correctly states .that CR 60.02 allows a court to provide relief from
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a judgment when there has been "perjury or falsified evidence." CR 60.02(c).
This Court has previously addressed the issue of perjury as grounds for relief
under CR 60.02. See Commonwealth v. Spaulding, 991 S.W.2d 651 (Ky. 1999).
When a prosecutor knowingly utilizes a material, false statement against the
defendant, he has committed prosecutorial misco;nduct through the use of
perjured testimony. Id. at 654 (quoting United States v. Lochmondy, 890 F.2d
817, 822 (6th Cir. 1989)). Th~ "use of perjured testimony [without the
knowledge of the prosecutor] is treated like newly discovered evidence for the
..
purposes of CR 60.02." Spaulding, 991 S.W.2d at 654 .
..
"[A] criminal conviction based on perjured testimony can be a reason of
an extraordinary nature justifying relief pursuant to CR 60.02(f)[.]" Id. at 657
(emphasis added). In such cases, "the burden remains on the defendant to
show both that a reasonable certainty exists as to the falsity of the testimony
and that the conviction probably would not have resulted had the truth been
known before [the Defendant] can be entitled to [CR 60.02] relief." Id.
According to Kentucky Revised Statute (KRS) 523.020, a person commits
perjury "when he makes a material false statement, which he does :hot believe,
in any official proceeding under an oath required or authorized by law." So, to
justify relief, Meece must first show a reasonable certainty that Meade, Jones,
or Patrick made a material false statement, which he or she did not believe.
6
Meece identifies Meade, Jones, and Patrick as witnesses he claims gave
perjured testimony at his trial. The alleged perjurous testimony from each
witness is described and addressed below.
1. · Regina Meade.
Regina Meade was married to Meece from 1991 to 2000. The murders
occurred in 1993. While they were married, Meade did not incriminate Meece
in any way for the murders of the Wellnitz family. However, after their divorce,
police approached her again. This time, she told them about hearing Meece
and Wellnitz discussing their plot to kill the Wellnitz family and what she had
seen the night of the murders. It is undisputed that the Commonwealth agreed
not to prosecute Meade for any of her potentially criminal involvement in these
activities in exchange for her truthful testimony. However, at trial, when
Meece's.counsel q~estioned Meade about this plea agreement, she did not , r
disclose it.
Defense Counsel (DC)): Do you have any agreements with the
Commonwealth regarding your testimony
here today?
Regina Meade (RM): No.
DC: There was never any agreement between
·you and the Commonwealth that you would
not be charged with any crime?
RM: Not to my knowledge.
DC: Not to your knowledge?
RM: Not that I remember.
DC: I take it that you've never been ch~ged
with any crimes then?
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RM: Nope.
See Meece, 348 S.W.3d at 679.
After this exchange, counsel moved on to other subject areas. Id. Meade
mentioned through her testimony and cross-examination that she met with the
prosecutor and detectives, but, again, counsel did not question her further
about any agreements that arose from this meeting. On redirect, the
prosecutor did not attempt to question Meade any further about the plea
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agreement. Id.
Regina Meade did not commit perjury.
It is undisputed that Meade failed to state on cross-examination that she
had made an agreement with the prosecution in exchange for her truthful
testimony at trial. This testimony, then, was false. Additionally, it was
material as it went to the credibility of her testimony. However, we cannot say
with reasonable certainty that it was testimony she did not believe to be true.
Meade stated that there was no agreement she remembered or knew of, but
admitted that she had never been prosecuted. Additionally, sh~ spoke during
cross-examination about a meeting between her and the prosecution team.
Defense counsel did not question her about the terms of this meeting. We
cannot with reasonable certainty say that she believed her statements to be
false, especially considering what she admitted about her communications with
the prosecution. We cannot then say that the trial court's decision was
arbitrary or unsupported by legal principles; thus, the trial court did not abuse
its discretion in holding likewise.
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Meece has already litigated this issue.
Despite Meece's attempts to repackage his argument regarding Meade's
testimony, we addressed this issue on direct appeal. "Meece argue[d] that his
Due Process rights were violated by the prosecution's failure to correct Meade's
· testimony in regard to any agreements she had with the Commonwealth
concerning her testimony. Meece further argue[d] that her testimony was
perjurous and this was known to the Commonwealth." Meece, 348 S.W.3d at
676. In addressing this issue, we held that "whether the misstatement by
Meade was intentional or innocent under the circumstances, given that no
explanation for [defense counsel'~] failure to impeach Meade is given or
apparent ... , one may only conclude that the failure to impeach Meade upon
this allegedly false statement was strategic and tactical." Id. at 680. 2 This
Court found that trial counsel either knew or should have known, based on the
record and the trial court's findings, about Meade's plea agreement with the
)
Commonwealth. Id. As such, this Court presumed the decision not to
impeach Meade further was tactical and any complaint as to this perjured
testimony was waived. See id. "[CR 60.02] is for relief that is not available by
direct appeal and not available under RCr 11.42." Gross, 648 S.W.2d at 856.
Thus, this issue has been previously litigated and resolved and cannot be a
source of relief for this claim.
2 Despite Meece's attempts to characterize this Court's Opinion as finding that
Meade had perjured herself, we made no such finding. We only determined that
whether the statement was "intentional or innocent" was irrelevant given Meece's
knowledge of the plea agreement and ensuing failure to impeach on this issue.
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2. Dell Jones.
In 1993, during the course of the murder investigation, Dell Jones
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attempted to conduct a polygraph examination of Meece. Id. at 668. When
Jones began qu.estioning Meece about the Wellnitz murders, "Meece demanded
the polygraph cease." Id. at 687. Jones _stated that "from the time of Meece's
request to terminate the polygraph, and during the process of his
disconnecting the leads ·from Meece, their conversations dealt only with
paperwork ... (a second Miranda waiver), along with the nature of the actual
questions on the test ... ". Id. at 687-88. The trial court admitted Jones's
testimony over Meece's objection. Id. at 688. At1trial, Jones provided an
abbreviated testimony and stated that "at one point, [Meece said] that there
had be.en sixteen rounds fired."3 Id. Later, Kentucky State Police (KSP) Det.
Wheat testified that he had not released ·the number of shots fired. Id.
Dell Jones did not commit perjury.
Meece's argument as to Dell Jones's alleged perjury is based upon a
·.
distortion of facts: "Assuming [Dell's statement that Meece was free to leave]
was true, the form [Meece] signed would not have been a Miranda waiver of
rights, because he would not have been in custody." Meece argues that
because this Court termed the form he signed as a "Mirandd' waiver, he must
have been in custody and thus, Dell Jories and the officers involved must have·
lied about his ability to leave. To Meece, the conclusion is that Jones .
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3There were actually 17 shots fired, a contradiction which Meece also
addressed in his statement to police when he confessed.
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committed perjury when he testified. that Meece was free to leave during his
questioning.
The determination of whether a suspect is in custody for Miranda
purposes is a legal determination requiring an examination of the totality of the
circumstances. Meece's argument presupposes that by signing a Miranda
waiver, the signer suddenly becomes "in custody." We cannot, and will not,
contradict well-established law by holding that a signature on such a form
creates, de facto, a finding that the signer was in custody.
Meece has presented no evidence that Jones believed his statement, that
Meece was free to leave, was a lie. There is no evidence or even any allegation,
'1
other than Meece's confusion regarding Miranda law, that Jones's statement
was false. Meece. has failed to prove with reasonable certainty that Jones made
a false statement. We see no reason to find the trial court abused its discretion
in holding.that these claims of perjury were unfounded .
.Meece· has already litigated this issue.
Meece claims that, had ·Jones told the truth, Meece's statements to him
would have been excluded because Meece was in custody _arid the statements
were made involuntarily. _We recognize Meece's attempt here to use a claim of
perjury as an· opportunity to relitigate the exclusion of his statements to Jones.
Meece argued to the trial court that the Miranda waiver he signed before Jones_
began the polygraph was involuntary, and Meece sought to suppress the ·
statements he made to Jones. The trial court overruled the motion. Meece
also addressed the issue in his appeal to this Court. This Court upheld the
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trial court's admission of the statements. See Meece, 348 S.W.3d at 688. On
j
appeal, we held that "his argument that he was deceived as to the nature of the
test is unavailing." Id.
Although he argues now that Jones perjured himself, this alleged perjury
involves whether Meece was free to go, which Meece argues, in turn, affects
whether his Miranda waiver was- valid. Meece restates this claim as an
allegation of perjury but it is only an attempt to camouflage his real contention:
that he was not free to go and his statements were involuntary. We are not
distracted from the truth, however, that this issue, like Meece's argument as to
Meade's testimoriy, has been previously litigated and CR 60.02 cannot provide
a basis for relief on this issue either:
3. - Leondus Patrick III.
Leondus Patrick
.
III worked
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at Sports Unlimited, the store where Meece
and Wellnitz purchased a Browning Hi-Power 9mm gun and ammunition, the
same month as the murders. Patrick testified that he had sold Meece two to
three boxes of hydra-shok ammunitfon along with the gun. On cross-
examination, Patrick testified that he thought another employee had sold
Meece 1,000 rounds of ammunition on a separate occasio_n. During the second
redirect examination, Patrick stated the 1,000 rounds were USA, full metal
jacket ammunition, which he described as a cheaper ammunition for target
shooting which could be bought more affordably in larger supply at one time.
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' .
Patrick did not commit perjury.
Meece contends that Patrick's testimony that Meece bought 1-,000
·rounds of ammunition "was false ... [because Meece], in fact, had purchased less
· than half of that ammunition." Meece implies that Patrick's alleged perjury
regarding the number of bullets purchased called into question his entire
testimony, including his identification of Meece as being present at the
purchase of the murder weapon. 4
Once again, Meece argues that because he disagrees with the statements
made by a witness, that witness has committed perjury. Meece alleges that
Patrick's statement is fai.lse because he bought less ammunition than 1,000
l
rounds. However, he fails to allege or point to any reason for the trial court to
find that Patrick intentionally gave a false statement believing it to be untrue .
. As such, we cannot say that the trial court's decision was arbitrary or that the
trial court abused its discretion in dismissing these claims of perjury.
Meece should have raised the issue on direct appeal and has already
raised this issue in his RCr 11.42 motion.
Meece has failed to identify any new information which was unknown at
the time of trial or at the time of his appeal. Every "defendant is-required to
. )
avail himself of RCr 11.42 ... as to any ground of which he is aware, or should
be aware ... ". Gross, 648 S.W.2d at 857. Meece argued that Patrick lied about
the number of rounds Meece had purchased; but Meece was present for the
purchase in question. Thus, Meece was in the. perfect position to attack this
- 4 Meece admitted to being present at the purchase of the gun, both in his
recorded· statement and at trial, and admitted to buying 11 total boxes of ammunition.
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statement and did refute Patrick's testimony during his own testimony' to the
jury. CR 60.02 is an improper avenue to address the issues raised about
Patrick.· Additionally, Meece has raised this issue in his RCr 11.42 motion,
which has yet to be re·S-olved.
4. Even if these three witnesses commi~ted perjury, there is no
reasonable certainty that the result would have. been different.
A defendant alleging perjury under CR 60.02 must not only show a
reasonable certainty that the testimony was false but must also show a
reasonable certainty "that the conviction probably would not have resulted had
the truth been known ... ". Spaulding, 991 S.W.2d at 657. Meece must also
show with reasonable certainty that his conviction would not have occurred
but for this allegedly perjured testimony. We hold that no such reasonable
certainty has been shown.
The Commonwealth presented a mountain of evidence against Meece,
including his recorded statements in which he confessed to the murders in
graphic detail. If we accept Meece's argument as true, then the jury would
have had three variations in the testimony before it: (1) the jury would have
known of Meade's agreement with the Commonwealth; (2) Meece's statement to
Dell Jones about the "16 rounds" likely would not have been admitted; and (3)
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the jury would have known Meece had bought only about 500 rounds of
ammunition, rather than 1,000. Given Meece's two statements, coupled with
the corroborating evidence admitted at trial (including the testimony of his co-
defendant), we cannot conclude that the jury would have reached a different
result "had the truth been known." We hold that Meece failed to show a
14
reasonable certainty that any perjury, even if it was proven, would have
changed the outcome of his trial.
C. The allegations of fraud.
Meece's argument as to the prosecutor's fraud in this case is,
unfortunately, confusing and unclear. However, it appears Meece's claim is
that Brian Wright, the lead prosecutor at trial against Meece, committed fraud
by: (1) misrepresenting the terms of Meece's plea agreement; (2) allowing Meece
to misrepresent the terms of his agreement to the Court during the plea
colloquy; (3) reiterating this misrepresentation ·during Mee.ce's cross-
examination and during the Commonwealth's closing argument; and (4) lying
to the Court about the terms of the plea agreements with Meece, Wellnitz, and
Meade. Most of Meece's argument stems from Meece's and Wright's
fundamental disagreement as to what the terms of Meece's plea agreement
were. To clarify Meece's argument, we have separated his claims into the
above-described
.
segments, which we. address below ..
1. Fraud under CR 60.02.
For fraud to create a mechanism of relief under CR 60.02, there must be
"extrinsic fraud or 'fraud upon the court."' Goldsmith v. Fifth Third Bank, 297
S.W.3d 898, 904 (Ky. App. 2009) (emphasis original) (quoting Rasnick v.
Rasnick, 982 S.W.2d 218, 219-20 (Ky. App. 1998)). The fraud described under
CR 60.02 is a "species of fraud which does or attempts to subvert the integrity
of the court itself." Goldsmith, 297 S.W.3d at 904 (quoting Rasnick, 982
S.W.2d at 219-20 (internalcitations omitted)). This "fraud has been construed
15
· to include only the most egregious conduct, such as bribery of a judge or a
member of the jury? evidence fabrication, and improper attempts to influence
the court by counsel." Goldsmith, 297 S.W.3d at 904 (quoting Rasnick, 982
S.W.2d at 219-20). "[F]raudbetween the parties, without more, does.not rise to
J
the level of fraud upon the court." Goldsmith, 297 S.W.3d at 904 (quoting
Rasnick, 982 S.W.2d at 219-20) ..
The fraud covered by CR 60.02. is generally "fraudulent conduct outside
of the trial which is practiced upon the court, or upon the defeated party, in
~uch a manner that [the defeated party] is prevented 'from appearing or
presenting fully and fairly his side of the case." McMuny v. McMuny, 957
S.W.2d 731, 733 (Ky. App. 1997) (quoting W. Bertelsman and K. Phillipps,
Kentucky Practice CR 60.02, cmt. 6, at 426 (4th ed. 1984)).' The important
matter here is that the party victimized by the fraud was unable to adequately
defend himself. See id.
Tb grant relief due to fraud, two prongs must be met: "(1) fraud and
circumvention of the prevailing party which prevented a defense being
presented, and (2) that the defendant had and has a meritorious defense to the
action." Mauldin v. Bearden, 293 S.W.3d 392, 397 (Ky. 2009) (emphasis
removed) (quoting Rice v. Dowell, 322 S.W.2cj. 468 (Ky. 1959) (internal citations
omitted)). Thus, simply alleging fraud is insufficient. The movant must also
show that there was a "valid defense" he was prevented from presenting due to
_th~ alleged fraud. Mauldin; 293 S.W.3d at 397-98 (citing Dawson v. Clelland,
252 S.W.2d 694 (Ky, 1952) and Overstreet v. Grinstead's Adm'r, 140 S.W.2d
16
836 (Ky: 1940)). In order to prevail in his motion, Meece must show that this
'
fraud was present and that it hindered his "meritorious" defense.
2. None of Wright's conduct in describing Meece's plea agreement
constitutes fraud.
Most of Meece's arguments about Wright's alleged fraud flow from a basic
disagreement as to the terms of Meece's original plea agreement. Due to this
disagreement, Meece now argues that any references Wright made to this plea
agreement were fraudulent as Wright misrepresented the terms of the
agreement. Meece claims that these references, occurred in multiple
circumstances, each of which we-will describe below. But, to fully articulate
Meece's argument, we must understand the context created by the plea
agreement itself.
Meece contends that Wright guaranteed Meece an "extended" visit with
his children as a condition of his plea agreement. Wright stated that there was
no such guarantee, merely a statement that he would not interfere with any
such visitation. Meece and Wright discussed Meece's visit with his children
during one of his :r:ecorded interviews. That interview was played to the jury at
trial. The parties stated:s
Wright: Bill, you still agree that you will testify in this case?
Meece: Uh, as long as everything goes the way it's supposed to
~- /
Wright: What do you mean by that? I want to know on this
tape. On the visit.
s This excerpt is taken from the transcript provided by Meece in his motion to
vacate convictions and sentences under RCr 11.42, ~Cr 10.02, and RCr 10.06.
17
Meece: It is part bf the agreement that I will get to have a [sic]
extended visit with my children. And that visit has
been scheduled to the best of my knowledge for the
21st of December and that as long as that visit goes off
without any hitch, (background noise) my agreement to
testify in trial.
Wright: And the only oblig~tion I made was that I would not do
anything to hinder that visit and at the beginning that
I would encourage your attorney.
Meece: You'd do cthe best you could to see that come to pass.
Wright: And I've done my - I've fulfilled my end; is that
correct?
Meece: Yes, to the best of my knowledge, you've fulfilled your
6
Now, we examine the instances in which Meece claims Wright
fraudulently misled the court orjury ~s to this agreement.
The plea agreement itself.
As a preliminary step to understanding and. addressing Meece's claims of
fraud, we must first address this plea agreement and any promised visitation.
l
It is clear to this Court from this transcript that Meece admitted there was no
't
such guaranteed visitation as a condition to his plea agreement. Meece stated
that he felt Wright had fulfilled any obligations he felt Wright had. We will not
assume that Wright misrepresented the terms of this agreement when Meece is
quoted as agreeing to the terms as Wright and the Commonwealth described.
6 It is presumed that this blank represents an inaudible portion of the interview;
this portion has been copied exactly from Meece's motion to vacate as described in
footnote 5.
18
This transcript clearly shows that the Commonwealth merely intended not to
prevent any visitation between Meece and his children. 7
CR 60.02 fraud entails acting in a way to "subvert the integrity of the
court." See Goldsmith, 297 S.W.3d at 904 (quoting Rasnick, 982 S.W.2d at
219-20 (internal citations omitted)). What Meece has described is a
disagreement as to what was required by his plea agreement. Meece has failed
to show any intentional conduct on the part of the prosecutor to misrepresent
this plea agreement to the court and thereby subvert the integrity of the
judicial process. He has failed to allege or show that Wright misrepresented
the plea agreement at all; Meece simply disagrees with Wright's interpretation
of the agreement. Thus, Wright has not committed fraud upon the court.
Meece's plea colloquy.
Meece does not define this instance of fraud specifically, but he described
his plea colloquy during his testimony and presented it as further proof of
Wright's fraud. Meece's allegations of fraud intertwine several instances
referring to his plea agreement, but we must unpackage each instance he
describes to accurately understand and address the merits of his argument.
During his plea colloquy, Meece told the judge that the written plea
agreement was the only agreement he relied upon in entering his plea. He
stated that all the terms of the agreement were included in this written offer.
He now contends that his visit with his children was a term of the offer; that
7 It should also be noted that Meece did, in fact, have a visit with his children
after he entered a guilty plea. Meece testified that he immediately filed his motion to
withdraw his guilty pl~a at the end of that visit.
19
Wright intentionally failed to include it in the written agreement; and ,that
Wright allowed· Meece to lie to the Court about all the terms of his agreement
being in the written offer. This, to Meece, constitutes fraud upon the Court.
Once more, we look to the transcript we have quoted. Because we
disagree with Meece's interpretation of h_is plea agreement, we cannot agree
\
that there was any fraud during Meece's plea colloquy. Wright did not include
the visit in the written plea agreement because he did not see it as a condition
of the offer. Thus, his failure to stipulate this condition during the plea
colloquy cannot constitute "fraud upon the court."
We must also state that any fraud during the plea colloquy was on the
part of Meece·alone. He testified at trial that he never intended to follow
through.with the plea agreement. This fact was further evidenced by his
immediate motion to withdraw his guilty plea after he had visitation with his
children. He entered the guilty plea, knowing he was lying to the court the
entire time. Thus, his allegations of fraud against Wright here cannot provide
him with a basis for relief.
Wright's cross-examination of Meece.
Meece chose to testify at trial. During his testimony, he explained to the
ji,uy that he and Wellnitz were not involved in the murders and were, in fact,
studying the night of the murder. To enhance the credibility of his testimony,
Meece claimed that he used the discovery provided by the prosecution in his
case to develop his "story" about what happened to the Wellnitz fam~ly.
Furthermore, Meece explained that-he thought his staterrients after the guilty
20
plea would never be used against him and that he never inten,ded to follow
through with the plea agreement. His whole purpose in entering a guilty plea
was to see his children. Finally, Meece testified that Wright promised him that,
as a condition of his guilty plea, he would have an "extended" visit with his
children. 8 On cross-examination, Wright questioned Meece as to the terms of
his plea agreement, contradicting him and asking whether the actual
agreement was that Wright would not interfere with any visitation with Meece's
children.
Once again, the alleged fraud stemmed from Meece's interpretation of his
plea agreement. As can be seen in the transcript of the exchange between
Meece and Wright, Wright intended only to abstain from interfering with any
visitation between Meece and his children and felt that he had fulfilled this
promise. As such, it was not fraudulent for Wright to cross-examine Meece
about. Meece's mistaken interpretation of the agreement.
Wright's closing argument.
During closing argument, Wright brought out a transcript of the
· interview we previously described. In his brief, Meece quotes what he deems
the relevant portion of this closing argument:
j
s During his testimony, Meece referenced a fax between Meade's attorney
(Meade is the mother of Meece's children) and Wright, in which Meade's attorney told
Wright that Meade would allow the visit between Meece and his children if Meece
entered a guilty plea. Meece believes this fax to be proof of Wright's fraud. However,
even in the light most favorable to Meece, this fax merely shows Wright's knowledge of
an agreement to allow this visitation on .Meade's part. It exhibits Wright's agreement
not to hinder or interfere with any visitation; at most, it shows Wright's intent to act as
a mediator between the parties in scheduling the visitation. It does not prove Wright
~aranteed the described visitation as a term of Meece's plea agreement.
21
The only obligation! made was to do nothing to hinder the
agreement. He told you· he had a private attorney in
Lexington. Regina had a private attorney. I had no
involvement in that. I said the Commonwealth fulfilled its
end ...· To come up here and imply we did something wrong.
There is no proof. It doesn't exist.
Meece seems to believe that Wright's statements were not only a
misrepresentation of the truth but that Wright also improperly testified to the
jury about the plea agreement. We cannot conclude that the described
statements were fraudulent. Wright properly referred to an interview already in
evidence. As admitted evidence, Wright was free to reference the statement
during closing argument. See Tamme v. Commonwealth, 973 S.W.2d 13, 39
. .
(Ky. 1998). Any statements as to Wright's understanding of this agreement are
not even close to what this Court has considered fraud upon the Court under
CR 60.02; as we stated, such "fraud has been construed to include only the
most egregious con~uct, such as bribery of a judge or a member of the jury,
r
evidence fabrication, and improper attempts to_influence the court by counsel."
Goldsmith, 297 S.W.3d at 904 (quoting Rasnick, 982 S.W.2d at 219-20).
Considering we have already ~tated that Wright clearly intended only to refrain
from interfering with Meece's visit with his children, no such fraud exists here.
3. None of Wright's conduct in presenting witnesses' testimony
constitutes fraud.
Th~ last portion of Wright's conduct that Meece attacks is his
explanation of the, terms of the Commonwealth's plea agreements ~ith Meece,
Wellnitz, and Meade. The Commonwealth repeatedly told the trial court and, in
some instances, the jury, that a condition of these plea agreements was that
22
each witness testify truthfully at trial. Meece appears to claim that, due to the
inconsistendes of each witness's (Meece, Wellnitz, and Meade) description of
the murders, some or all of them must be lying. Therefore, Meece appears to
assume that Wright fraudulently lied to the trial court about the requirement of
truthfulness for each of these plea agreements.
We are unpersuaded by Meece's claims here. We understand Meece to
argue that inconsistencies in his, Wellnitz's, and Meade's testimony require the
conclusion that some or all of the:rp. lied at trial and that Wright knew of these
inconsistencies and thus understood that the witnesses were lying. Meece
then seems to claim that, because Wright followed through with the plea
agreements for Wellnitz and Meade, he fraudulently lied to the Court about the
requirement of truthfulness. We certainly cannot conclude that this argument
. entitles Meece to CR 60.02 relief; nor can we 'conclude that Meece's argument
even logically follows established law.
Meece's argument is based on three unproven, false premises. First,
Meece assumes that one, if not all, of the witnesses intentionally lied. This trial
occurred thirteen years after the murders, and we cannot assume that every
single discrepancy is .an intentional lie or perjury. Memories alter and that is
why we place value in ajury's truth-finding ability. The jury heard all the
evidenc~, even the inconsistent evidence, and deemed Meece's evidence less
credible than the prosecution's.
Second, Meece assumes that the Commonwealth cannot continue with a
plea agreement if the agreement is not followed exactly, with every single term
I 23
..
performed perfectly. This Court is unwilling to dictate what the
Commonwealth must or must not do with its plea agreements. If the
Commonwealth determines it is more appropriate to continue with the terms of
a plea agreement, even "if a Defendant fails to fulfill all of his or her obligations,
that is the Commonwealth's prerogative.
Finally, Meece assumes that Wright's statement must be fraudulent due
to these testimonial inconsistencies. Meece makes an illogical leap to this
conclusion. Wright accurately stated that "truthfulness" was a term of Meece's,
Meade's, and Wellnitz's plea agreements. Then he presented their testimony
and statements to the jury. From there, it was up to the jury to determine the
veracity and credibility ~f this evidence. There is no fraud present~
4. Even if Wright had committed fraud, Meece's defense was not
impeded.
Under our jurisprudence, Meece cannot simply claim fraud and emerge
victorious from a motion for CR 60.02 relief. As we have reiterated, CR 60.02 is
a means of extraordinary relief and requires a greater showing of proof. Thus,
a defendant claiming relief must also show that the alleged fraud hindered his
otherwise "meritorious defense." See Mauldin, 293 S.W.3d at 397 (Ky. 2009)
(quoting Rice, 322 S.W.2d 468 (internal citations omitted)). Meece has failed to
show how his defense was hindered in any way by Wright's alleged fraud.
Although we have delin~ated Meece's fraud allegations into multiple
· portions, in essence, Meece simply argues: Wright misrepresented my plea.
agree.ment to the jury and the court and allowed plea agreements for witnesses
that I think lied. What Meece fails to emphasize is that he provided a robust
'24
defense as to these two areas. Meece testified, at length: about the reason for
his guilty plea; about how: the Commonwealth lied to him about his visit with
his childre~; about how he lied to get that visitwith his children at the time of
the guilty plea; and about how Wright knew Meece was lying about the terms of
his plea agreement. Meece attacked the credibility of the other witnesses
against him and he attacked the veracity of Wellnitz's confession. He had
ample opportunity to present this defense to the jury. But, the jury chose not
'
to believe him and found the evidence against him more persuasive. Simply
because his strategy was unsuccessful does not substantiate a claim of fraud.
The trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding a complete lack of any
basis for an allegation of fraud in this .case.
We must also remark on the irreconcilable contention from Meece that, if
not for Wright's false statements, "the trial court would have been forced to find
that the Commonwealth breached its end of the plea agreement [with Meece]."
If this had occurred, Meece claims that his "false, inculpatory, 2004 statements
would not have been admissible at trial." There is a basic fallacy to this
argument he fails to recognize. He testified, of his own volition, at trial that he
never intended to follow through with this plea agreement. He planned to, and
did, withdraw his plea as soon as his visit with his children was complete. He
admitted that he enacted this plea under his own fals.e belief that his
statements would.: never be admissible against him at trial.
Thus, whether the 'commo"nwealth breached its portion of the plea
agreement is irrelevant. Meece's statements were made voluntarily, without an
25
intent to ever complete the agreement with the Commonwealth. Meece cannot
'
now claim his defense was hindered by the Commonwealth's refusal to
complete the terms of this agreement when he never intended to perform the
agreement. These arguments cannot be resolved. Meece cannot intend to
break the agreement, receive a benefit from the agreement, and then claim the
other party is at fault for not performing. In sum, Meece cannot show that his
defense was impeded by the Commonwealth's non-performance when he never
intended to testify according to the terms of the plea agreement.
D. Relief under CR 60.03.
Alternatively, Meece claims relief under CR 60.03. Meece correctly
relates the rule under CR 60.03 that "Rule 60.02 shall not limit the power of
any court to entertain an independent action to relieve a person from a
judgment, order or proceeding on appropriate equitable grounds." He fails to
relate the last portion of the rule, however. "Relief shall not be granted in an
independent action if the ground or relief sought has been denied in a
proceeding by motion under Rule 60.02, or would be barred because not
brought in time under the provisions of that rule." Id.
This rule is intended as an equitable form of relief when no other avenue
exists. See Bowling v. Commonwealth, 163 S.W.3d 361, 365 (Ky. 2005). Relief
requires a showing of three elements: "Claimants must (1) show that they have
no other available or adequate remedy; (2) demonstrate that movants' own
fault, neglect, or carelessness did not create the situation for which they seek
equitable relief; and (3) establish a recognized ground ... for the equitable
26
relief."· Id. (quoting Campaniello Imports, Ltd. V. Saporiti Italia S.p.A., 117 F.3d
655, 662 (2nd Cir. 1997) (emphasis remov~d)). If an adequate remedy was
available in the original proceedings, CR 60.03 does not provide grounds for
equitable relief. Bowling, 163 S.W.3d at 365 (internal citations omitted).
We have already held that the issues raised by Meece were addressed on
direct appeal, are better served in an RCr 11.42 motion, or are meritless. We
see no separate equitable relief warranted under the facts presented, thus,
Meece is not entitled to relief under CR 60.03.
E. Meece's CR 8.04 argument.
Meece .also alleged that because the Commonwealth did not "specipcally''
deny all of Meece's allegations in his CR 60.02 motion, "the Commonwealth
must be deemed to have admitted" them pursuant to CR 8.04. The
Commonwealth cites an unreported case in which the Court of Appeals held
that CR 8.04 does not apply to a CR 60.02 motion, as it does not require a
responsive filing and is inconsistent with the Rules of Criminal Procedure.
It is not necessary at this time to determine whet:Q.er CR 8.04 applies to
CR 60.02 filings because the Commonwealth did respond to Meece's CR 60.02 ·
motion .. CR 8.04 simply states that "[a]verments in a pleading to which a
responsive pleading is required are admitted when not denied in the responsive
pleading" (emphasis added). The Commonwealth .flatly denied in its response
. to Meece's CR 60.02 motion that any witness committed perjury or that Wright
committed fraud, and the Commonwealth explained why Meece's arguments
fail. Clearly, these issues. are all in dispute - most of them have been litigated
27
before and they have been argued and disputed extensively. Thus, CR 8.04
does not require us to hold that all of Meece's arguments are considered to be
· admitted as true.·
IV. CONCLUSION
This. Court has repeatedly held that the relief offered by CR 60.02 is
)
extraordinary. However, we have also repeatedly held that CR 6°0.02 is not a
method by which parties can reexamine issues already decided or for which
)
there are other avenues of relie[ Meece's motion has disguised direct appeal
and RCr 11.42 arguments in an attempt to persuade this Court into providing
,-
the equitable relief afforded by CR 60.02. We are not persµaded, and, for the
foregoing reasons, we affirm the Wari~n Circuit Court.
All sitting. All concur ..
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT:
Katherine Blair
Department of Public Advocacy
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE:
Andy Beshear .
Attorney General of Kentucky
Jeffrey Allan Cross .
Assistant Attorney General
28