Eddie's Service Center v. Donna Thomas Administratrix of the Estate of Eddie Ray Thomas, Jr. , 2016 Ky. LEXIS 568 ( 2016 )

RENDERED: DECEMBER 15, 2016
TO BE PUBLISI~IED
§upreme Tnurf of Benfuckg
2015-SC-000676-WC
EDDIE’S SERVICE CENTER APPELLANT
ON APPEAL FROM COURT OF APPEALS
CASE NO. 2015-CA-OOO696-WC
V. WORKERS’ COMPENSATION BOARD
NO. 10-WC-97727
DONNA THOMAS, ADMINISTRATRIX OF APPELLEES
THE ESTATE OF EDDIE RAY THOMAS, JR.,
DECEASED; HON. STEVEN G. BOLTON,
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE; AND
WORKERS’ COMPENSATION BOARD
OPINION OF THE COURT BY JUSTICE KELLER
AFFIRMING
An Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) dismissed the claim for workers’
compensation benefits filed by the Estate of Eddie Ray Thomas, Jr. (the
Estate). The Workers’ Compensation Board (the Board) affirmed the ALJ’s
dismissal The Court of Appeals reversed the Board and remanded this matter
to the ALJ with instructions to award benefits. For the reasons set forth below,
we affirm the Court of Appeals.
I. BACKGROUND.
On January 21, 2010, Eddie Ray Thomas, Jr. (Eddie) died while
attempting to tow a truck from a roadside culvert. Because Eddie is deceased,
the underlying facts, Which are not in dispute, come from testimony by Eddie’S
widow, Donna Thomas (Donna), and Samuel Bailey (Bailey), who was with
Eddie when he died.
Donna testified that Eddie’s Service Center (the Service Center] Was an
automobile service center and gas station owned by Eddie’s father, Eddie Ray
Thomas, Sr. Eddie had Worked in his father’s business for 30 years, spending
the last 20 years as the manager. In addition to the service center /gas station,
the business operated a towing service, and Eddie was “on-call” 24 hours a
day.
On January 20, 2010, a representative from the Environmental
Protection Agency1 (EPA) advised Eddie that the gas tanks were leaking and
would be removed the next day. According to Donna, Eddie was upset and, on
January 21, when the tanks were being removed, he was inconsolable. Donna
testified that Eddie feared the business would have to close if it could not sell
gas, which meant he would lose his livelihood and his father’s business. When
Donna visited the Service Center the afternoon of January 21, Eddie was
extremely anxious and agitated and could not stop pacing. That evening, Eddie
was too upset to eat, appeared flushed, was sweating, and continued to pace
until nearly 9:00 p.m. When it appeared Eddie had finally calmed down, he
received a phone call from the Kentucky State Police asking him to tow a
vehicle that had gone off the road. Donna did not hear from Eddie again and
did not know anything about What transpired after Eddie left the house.
1 It is unclear from the evidence whether this was the federal or state agency.
2
According to Donna, who is an LPN, Eddie had a history of high blood
pressure, for which he took medication, and which she monitored. However,
Donna testified that Eddie had never received any specific cardiac diagnostic
testing or treatment and also testified that both of Eddie’s parents had a
history of treatment for heart conditions, including stent implantations.
The only evidence of what occurred in the hour before Eddie’s death
came from Bailey. According to Bailey, his son called and reported that he had
been forced off the road and that his truck was in a ditch. When Bailey arrived
at the scene, Eddie was there with a tow truck as was a Kentucky State Police
officer. The son’s truck Was in a culvert, and the top of the truck was
approximately four feet below the road. Eddie told Bailey that it would
probably be difficult to get the truck out of the culvert without doing significant
damage. However, Eddie made several attempts to do so, climbing up and
down the embankment of the culvert and under the truck four times in order
to re-position the tow chain. Bailey went up and down the bank with Eddie
three times to help him and described the work as strenuous, noting that they
had to dig their feet into the side of the embankment to get any footing. After
the last trip up and down the embankment, both Eddie and Bailey Were
breathing hard and it took approximately five minutes for their breathing to
return to normal.
Eddie told Bailey that he would need a bigger tow truck and went to his
truck to call his father, The police officer, Who had received another call, then
left the scene. After making his call, Eddie and Bailey directed traffic for a few
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minutes until Eddie began complaining of heartburn. Eddie then returned to
his tow truck to call his father to see when the other tow truck would arrive.
Approximately five minutes later, Bailey saw Eddie get out of the truck, heard
him make a noise, and saw him grab his chest, lean against the truck, and
collapse. Bailey, who believed Eddie had suffered a heart attack, began
performing CPR and told his son to call for assistance. When emergency
personnel arrived they continued performing CPR and transported Eddie to the
hospital, where he died.
The parties filed a number of medical records and reports. Records from
Morehead Clinic indicate that Eddie was diagnosed with gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD) in 1998 and with high blood pressure in 2002. Eddie’s
physicians prescribed medications to treat those conditions. In 2007, Eddie
complained that he was “very anxious,” and “so nervous he vomits nearly
daily.” He noted that he had suffered from this anxiety for nearly 30 years and
that taking one-fourth of a 5 mg. Valium seemed to help. The physician
prescribed that dosage of Valium along with his high blood pressure and GERD
medications. We note that it is unclear from these records when Eddie initially
began taking Valium and who prescribed it. Furthermore, we note that the
records generally indicate that Eddie’s blood pressure was under control;
however, the last note on December 10, 2009, shows an elevated blood
pressure reading.2
2 In addition to the preceding, the Estate filed records of Eddie’s treatment at
the hospital on January 21, 2010. Those records have no information of any
significance to the issues before us.
Eddie filed two reports from Dr. Rodney Handshoe. In his first report,
Dr. Handshoe noted Eddie’s history of high blood pressure and that no autopsy
had been performed. He then stated that “[s]udden cardiac death is most
commonly caused by a ventricular tachyarrhythmia induced by ischemia or
myocardial infarction.” He noted that there could be other causes but that
Eddie’s commercial driver’s license examination from 2008 showed no evidence
of cardiovascular disease. Finally, he stated that “current medical knowledge
would suggest that intense physical stress and emotional stress can indeed
precipitate a cardiovascular event such as sudden cardiac death in those
individuals with underlying cardiac disease. The events surrounding Mr.
Thomas’s death could have played a role in this regard.”
Following Bailey’s deposition, the Estate filed a supplemental report from
Dr. Handshoe. Based on his reading of the transcript of Bailey’s deposition,
Dr. Handshoe noted that Eddie had “chest pain followed quickly by sudden
death after a prolonged period of very intense physical activity associated with
trying to extricate a Wrecked vehicle.” According to Dr. Handshoe, these
symptoms are “typical for an acute myocardial infarction” Which most
commonly occurs “when there is a rupture of a preexisting atherosclerotic
plaque resulting in formation of a blood clot that completely occludes an
artery.” The resultant “lack of blood flow to the heart muscle causes cardiac
injury and can precipitate life threatening heart rhythm disturbances that
likely resulted in Mr. Thomas’s sudden death.” Dr. Handshoe concluded “that
the physical exertion immediately preceding Mr. Thomas’s symptoms triggered
plaque rupture and precipitated his heart attack and sudden death.”
The Service Center filed the report of Dr. Hal Roseman. Dr. Roseman
summarized the deposition testimony of Donna and Bailey in detail. We note
that Dr. Roseman’s summarization is somewhat at odds with Bailey’s
testimony. Dr. Roseman states that Bailey testified he and Eddie “walked up
and down the hill.” However, Bailey stated that it was a “straight up and
down” embankment, not a hill, and that they had to “dig their feet” into the
side of the embankment to climb it. Dr. Roseman also states that Bailey
testified, “Despite being Winded,’ [Eddie] and Mr. Bailey spoke in a normal
conversational tone” after their last trip up the hill. However, the actual
question and answer are as follows:
Q: And, when he made the indication to you and your son that the
larger truck was needed was he speaking in a normal tones [sic] - -
normal voice at that point?
A: Yes, other than winded, you know.
Dr. Roseman also summarized the medical records in detail, noting in
particular Eddie’s history of high blood pressure, GERD, anxiety disorder, high
cholesterol, and family history of “premature coronary artery disease.” Dr.
Roseman then undertook a detailed analysis of research regarding the causes
of sudden cardiac death. A summary of that analysis follows.
“[S]udden non-violent death . . . is usually related to coronary artery
disease” and in male victims, only 50% have had any “prior known
cardiovascular symptoms prior to their death.” “The most common cardiac
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abnormality associated with sudden death is ischemic heart disease,
accounting for up to 80% of cases.” While “ischemic heart disease sets the
stage for sudden death . . . only 20% to 30% [of males] prove to have had a
recent acute myocardial infarction.” (Emphasis in original.] “The anatomic
findings in the setting of sudden cardiac death involve either ‘acute changes in
coronary plaque morphology, such as thrombus, plaque disruption, or both, in
>50% of cases of sudden death . . . active coronary lesions are identified in 46%
of the cases.’” He noted that nearly half of all sudden deaths in one study were
the result of “either an acute thrombus or an acute myocardial infarction.”
However, “an acute lesion” was found in less than 25% of those cases where
the victim’s symptoms had lasted “less than 15 minutes.” Based on the
preceding, Dr. Roseman concluded that, “in a susceptible individual . . .
sudden cardiac death . . . is the general result of ischemia related to advanced
atherosclerosis or structural changes of the heart from either a healed
myocardial infarction or from hypertension.”
Although having previously stated that Eddie’s heartburn symptoms
could have simply been a reoccurrence of his GERD, Dr. Roseman opined that
Eddie’s pre-death symptoms represented angina that was caused by “ischemia
of the right coronary artery.” According to Dr. Roseman, “Angina is a clinical
syndrome characterized by discomfort in the chest, jaw, shoulder, back, or
arm. It is typically aggravated by exertion or emotional stress and relieved by
nitroglycerin.” Angina occurs when there is insufficient “oxygenated blood to
satisfy the metabolic and oxygen needs of a functioning heart.” As to the
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possibility of plaque rupture, Dr. Roseman stated that, “Except primarily for
unconditioned individuals Who undertake vigorous exercise, exercise as a
trigger of an event of plaque rupture is uncertain and unproven and is
considered possibly causative only when the exercise is Within one hour of the
cardiac event.”
As to whether the work activity triggered Eddie’s sudden death, Dr.
Roseman stated that Eddie’s activity required “minimal exertion,” “was not
strenuous,” and “did not prevent him from talking in a normal conversational
tone.” According to Dr. Roseman, this put Eddie’s activity at less than 4-5 on
the metabolic equivalent of task (METs) scale and, regardless of the METs
score, only one-third of myocardial infarctions are related to physical activity.
The vast majority of those who had myocardial infarctions related to physical
activity (28.6%) had engaged in moderate activity. Dr. Roseman admitted that
exertion may play a role in sudden cardiac death; however, other factors,
including time of day,3 also play “an independent role.”
Dr. Roseman concluded that Eddie “experienced angina that precipitated
an arrhythmia. Angina represents a symptom related to an imbalance between
oxygen demand and supply of the heart and does not represent a structural
change in the artery to the heart.” (Emphasis in original.) He disagreed with
Dr. Handshoe’s statement that Eddie had a heart attack as a result of a plaque
rupture; although, he admitted that Eddie “could have had a stable plaque,
3 According to Dr. Roseman, angina and myocardial infarction “occur more
frequently in early morning hours upon awakening and at rest than at other times of
the day.”
plaque erosion, or plaque rupture that coincided with his sudden death.” He
noted that Eddie’s work activities Were not rigorous enough to have caused his
death; the factors that lead to a plaque rupture are not known; and “exertion is
an insufficient factor in effecting [that] process.” After undertaking an analysis
of Kentucky Revised Statute (KRS) 342.0011(1), Dr. Roseman concluded that
any emotional stress Eddie had was “a chronic issue” and not “related to his
occupation, but . . . appears to be intrinsic to [Eddie’s] personality.” Therefore,
he apparently did not factor Eddie’s emotional stress into his opinion regarding
causation.
Finally, Dr. Roseman concluded that “the fatal arrhythmia that caused
the unfortunate death of [Eddie] could have occurred at any time and [it] was
merely coincidental that it took place while he was at work. The underlying
conditions of his coronary artery disease most likely were present for many
years, which made Mr. Thomas vulnerable to a fatal arrhythmia. There is
nothing intrinsic about his work that contributed to his coronary artery disease
or his fatal arrhythmia. The arrhythmia was merely a sign or symptom, albeit
fatal in this situation, of [Eddie’s] underlying cardiac condition.”
In summary, Dr. Roseman stated that Eddie’s death was not the result of
an arrhythmia caused by a plaque rupture, decreased blood flow, and
subsequent myocardial infarction, as stated by Dr. Handshoe. Rather, Eddie
suffered from ischemia, an underlying coronary artery disease, that caused a
decrease in blood flow to the heart, which caused angina, and a fatal
arrhythmia. While Dr. Handshoe opined that Eddie’s exertion prior to his
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death triggered the plaque rupture and subsequent events, Dr. Roseman
opined that exertion was not a causative factor.
The ALJ, relying on Dr. Roseman’s report, initially determined that
Eddie’s death Was not work-related In doing so, the ALJ stated that he was
basing his opinion solely on the medical proof. The Estate appealed to the
Board and the Board reversed and remanded, noting that heart claims must be
decided on the totality of the circumstances, not solely on the medical proof.
On remand, the ALJ again found that Eddie’s death Was not Work-related. In
doing so, the ALJ found Dr. Roseman’s opinion to be more credible than Dr.
Handshoe’s. In particular, the ALJ noted that Dr. Roseman undertook a more
complete summary of Eddie’s past medical records and of the depositions of
Bailey and Donna. He also noted that Eddie’s death occurred at a time “of
relative inactivity” rather than when he “was engaged in the most difficult
exertion,” and, per Dr. Roseman, Eddie’s heart attack could have occurred at
any time. Finally, the ALJ found that Eddie suffered from pre-existing and
active ischemic heart disease and that any anxiety regarding the removal of the
gas tanks was not Work-related. The Estate appealed, and the Board affirmed.
The Estate then appealed to the Court of Appeals, Which reversed. In
doing so, the Court found that: the ALJ failed to factor Eddie’s mental stress
into his conclusion; the ALJ’s finding that Eddie’s mental state was not work-
related was “baffling”; there was no evidence to support the ALJ’s finding of
pre-existing active ischemic heart disease; Dr. Roseman mischaracterized
Bailey’s testimony regarding the amount of exertion Eddie expended, making
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his opinion that exertion played no part in Eddie’s death unreliable; and the
ALJ’s findings that Eddie Was out of shape and engaged in unusually
demanding physical exertion within an hour of his death supported Dr.
Handshoe’s opinion, not Dr. Roseman’s. Based on the preceding, the Court
determined that the ALJ could not rely on Dr. Roseman’s report and remanded
this matter to the ALJ for a finding in favor of the Estate.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW.
The ALJ has the sole discretion to determine the quality, character, and
substance of the evidence and may reject any testimony and believe or
disbelieve various parts of the evidence regardless of whether it comes from the
same witness or the same party’s total proof. Khani v. Alliance Chiropractic,
456 S.W.3d 802, 806-07 (Ky. 2015). If the party with the burden of proof fails
to convince the ALJ, that party must establish on appeal that the evidence was
so overwhelming as to compel a favorable finding. Special Fund v. Francis, 708
S.W.2d 641, 643 (Ky. 1986). In other words, an ALJ’s decision should not be
overturned on appeal unless it “is so unreasonable under the evidence that it
must be viewed as erroneous as a matter of law.” KRS 342.285; Ira A. Watson
Department Store v. Hamilton, 34 S.W.3d 48, 52 (Ky. 2000).
III. ANALYSIS.
In any claim for compensation, where the employee has been
killed, or is physically or mentally unable to testify as confirmed by
competent medical evidence and Where there is unrebutted prima
facie evidence that indicates that the injury Was work related, it
shall be presumed, in the absence of substantial evidence to the
contrary, that the injury was work related, that sufficient notice of
the injury has been given, and that the injury or death was not
ll
proximately caused by the employee's intoxication or by his Willful
intention to injure or kill himself or another.
KRS 342.680.
As we explained in AK Steel Corp. v. Adkins, 253 S.W.3d 59, 63-64 (Ky.
2008L
A rebuttable presumption shifts to the party against whom it is
directed the burden of going forward With evidence to rebut or meet
it but does not shift the burden of proof (i.e., the risk of
nonpersuasion) from the party upon whom the burden was
originally cast. If the presumption is not rebutted, the party with
the burden of proof prevails on that issue by virtue of the
presumption. If the presumption is rebutted, it is reduced to a
permissible inference. The ALJ must then Weigh the conflicting
evidence and decide which is most persuasive.
Here, the Estate offered testimony from Donna, Bailey, and Dr.
Handshoe, supporting the Estate’s claim that Eddie’s heart attack Was work-
related. Thus, the Estate met its burden even without the presumption
provided by KRS 342.680. However, that did not relieve the Service Center
from its burden of rebutting the statutory presumption, which it attempted to
do With Dr. Roseman’s report. Thus, if Dr. Roseman’s report is “substantial
evidence,” the Service Center rebutted the presumption, and the ALJ was free
to weigh the evidence as in any other claim. However, if Dr. Roseman’s report
does not amount to substantial evidence, the presumption stands and the ALJ
was required to award benefits.
Evidence is substantial if it is of “relevant consequence having the fitness
to induce conviction in the minds of reasonable men.” Smyzer v. B.F. Goodrich
Chemical Co., 474 S.W.2d 367, 369 (Ky. 1971). Having reviewed Dr. Roseman’s
report, we hold that it is not substantial evidence, as delineated below.
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A. Misunderstanding of events.
When a physician’s opinion is based on a history that is “substantially
inaccurate or largely incomplete,” that opinion “cannot constitute substantial
evidence.” Cepero v. Fabricated Metals Corp., 132 S.W.3d 839, 842 (Ky. 2004).
Dr. Roseman’s opinion that Eddie’s death was not work-related is based, in
large part, on his conclusion that Eddie’s activity before his death required only
minimal non-strenuous exertion. Dr. Roseman reached this conclusion based
on his belief that Eddie walked up and down a hill several times and was able
to converse in a normal tone after doing so. However, as noted above, Eddie
did not “Walk” up and down a hill, he climbed up and down a steep
embankment and climbed under the truck several times to position and re-
position the tow chain. Bailey, the only person to testify regarding the amount
of exertion required, stated that the activity was strenuous - testimony that Dr.
Roseman largely ignored.
As to Eddie’s speech pattern, Dr. Roseman is correct that Bailey testified
that Eddie spoke in a normal conversational tone. However, according to the
METs chart included in Dr. Roseman’s report, tone of voice is not the
determinative factor regarding the intensity level of activity. Light intensity
activity is marked by the ability “to talk and / or sing"; moderate intensity
activity is marked by the ability “to talk but not sing”; and vigorous /hard
intensity activity is marked by “difficulty talking.” These categories are
indicative of whether a person is out of breath rather than his tone of voice.
Thus, Bailey’s testimony that Eddie was “winded” after climbing up and down
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the embankment is indicative of moderate to vigorous activity, not the minimal
exertion cited by Dr. Roseman. Because this foundational leg of Dr. Roseman’s
opinion is substantially inaccurate and largely incomplete, his report is not
substantive evidence.
B. Failure to consider Eddie’s stress.
Dr. Roseman’s report also cannot be considered substantial evidence
because he did not consider Eddie’s heightened anxiety as a contributing factor
to his death. According to Dr. Roseman, Eddie’s stress was irrelevant for two
reasons: it was not related to a physical injury; and it Was “a chronic issue . . .
not . . . related to [Eddie’s] occupation, but . . . intrinsic to [his] personality.”
These conclusions were based on Dr. Roseman’s incorrect interpretation of
KRS 342.0011(1]. We address each of Dr. Roseman’s faulty interpretations
separately below.
KRS 342.0011(1) defines injury as:
[A]ny work-related traumatic event or series of traumatic events,
including cumulative trauma, arising out of and in the course of
employment which is the proximate cause producing a harmful
change in the human organism evidenced by objective medical
findings. “Injury” does not include the effects of the natural aging
process, and does not include any communicable disease unless
the risk of contracting the disease is increased by the nature of the
employment “Injury” when used generally, unless the context
indicates otherwise, shall include an occupational disease and
damage to a prosthetic appliance, but shall not include a
psychological, psychiatric, or stress-related change in the human
organism, unless it is a direct result of a physical injury.
As noted above, Dr. Roseman interpreted KRS 342.0011(1) as excluding
any consideration of stress because Eddie’s stress was not the result of a
physical injury. However, as this Court held in McCowan v. Matsushita
14
Appliance Co., 95 S.W.3d 30, 32-33 (Ky. 2002), KRS 342.0011(1) excludes
compensation for “mental-mental” claims but not for “mental-physical” claims.
In McCowan, the claimant became involved in a heated argument with a
supervisor and subsequently suffered a heart attack. Id. at 31. The Court
found that the claim was compensable because, While the trauma the claimant
suffered Was emotional, the harmful change for which she sought benefits was
physical. Id. at 33. Had the claimant been seeking compensation for a purely
mental condition, her claim would have been disallowed absent some
physically traumatic event. Id.
The Estate, like the claimant in McCowan, filed a claim for benefits based
on a physically harmful change that resulted in part from emotional trauma,
Thus, contrary to Dr. Roseman’s assertion, Eddie’s stress is not excluded from
consideration by the exclusion of mental-mental claims in KRS 342.0011(1).
It also appears that Dr. Roseman excluded any consideration of Eddie’s
stress because he deemed it a pre-existing active condition. This interpretation
is faulty for three reasons. First, as noted above, Eddie’s stress, by itself, was
not compensable - whether it Was active or dormant - and the Estate was not
seeking compensation based on that stress. Second, Eddie’s stress on the date
of his death was greater than he had ever exhibited, and it is that increased
stress, not the underlying always present lower-level stress, that was at issue.
Third, the increased stress was the result of what was taking place at work.
Dr. Roseman’s failure to consider Eddie’s stress level is significant As
noted above, Dr. Roseman opined that Eddie’s ischemia caused a decrease in
15
blood flow, which caused angina, which caused a fatal arrhythmia. ln his
report, Dr. Roseman stated that angina “is typically aggravated by exertion and
emotional stress . . . .” Thus, Dr. Roseman’s opinion regarding causation lacks
substance because he ignored a key factor that contributed to Eddie’s death.
C. Internal inconsistencies.
Dr. Roseman’s report contains a number of internal inconsistencies,
which make it difficult to comprehend and which rob it of substance. Several
examples of those inconsistencies follow.
Dr. Roseman initially postulated that Eddie’s chest pain Was the result of
GERD but then stated that the pain was angina. Dr. Roseman stated, “The
anatomic findings in the setting of sudden cardiac death involves either ‘acute
changes in coronary plaque morphology, such as thrombus, plaque disruption,
or both in >50% of cases of sudden death,”’ but then stated that Eddie’s death
could not have been the result of ruptured plaque and thrombosis. Dr.
Roseman stated that “only about 6-17% of all sudden deaths occur in
association with exertion,” but then stated that “physical stress with vigorous
exercise . . . has been shown to trigger acute cardiovascular events” and “a
third of the acute myocardial infarction[s] were preceded by physical activity.”
Dr. Roseman stated that Eddie’s death was the result of angina (chest pain due
to inadequate blood flow to the heart) that triggered an arrhythmia. He then
stated that Eddie’s stress and exertion had nothing to do with his death and
that the angina-arrhythmia could have occurred anywhere. However, as noted
16
above Dr. Roseman stated that angina “is typically aggravated by exertion or
emotional stress . . . .”
Because of these inconsistencies, along with Dr. Roseman’s inaccurate
understanding of the facts and his misunderstanding of the law, Dr. Roseman’s
opinion lacks the “relevant consequence to induce conviction in the minds of
reasonable men.” Smyzer, 474 S.W.2d at 369. Therefore, his opinion is not
evidence of substance and the Court of Appeals correctly reversed the Board
and remanded to the ALJ for an award of benefits.
IV. CONCLUSION.
For the foregoing reasons, We affirm the Court of Appeals. This matter is
remanded to the ALJ for entry of an award in favor of the Estate.
All sitting. Cunningham, Hughes, Keller, Noble, Venters and Wright, JJ.,
concur. Minton, C.J., dissents by separate opinion,
MINTON, C.J. DISSENTING: Respectfully, I dissent. The Service Center
argues that the Court of Appeals erred by substituting its opinion of the
evidence for the ALJ’s. Specifically, the Service Center argues that Dr.
Roseman’s medical opinion constituted substantial evidence that Eddie’s death
was not work related. I agree. Dr. Roseman’s opinion is thorough, and the ALJ
was within his discretion to rely upon it. The ALJ, as fact-finder, has the sole
discretion to judge the credibility of testimony and weight of evidence.
Paramount Foods, Inc. v. Burkhardt, 695 S.W.2d 418 (Ky. 1985). And the Court
of Appeals exceeded its appellate role by reweighing the evidence. We should
reverse the Court of Appeals’ decision. But instead of correcting the Court of
17
Appeals’ error, the Majority magnifies it by taking an even deeper dive into the
fact-finding function that belongs to the ALJ. We would do well to remember
the responsibility of this Court in Workers’ Compensation cases “is to address
new or novel questions of statutory construction, or to reconsider precedent
when such appears necessary, or to review a question of constitutional
magnitude.” Western Baptist Hosp. v. Kelly, 827 S.W.2d 685, 688 (Ky. 1992).
I dissent.
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT:
Richard Christion Hutson
Whitlow, Roberts, Houston & Straub, PLLC
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE:
Paula Gay Richardson
David Allen Barber
Richardson, Barber 85 Williamson, PSC
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