Hickman v. Brown , 88 Ky. 377 ( 1889 )

JUDGE PRYOR

delivered mie opinion op the court.

Mrs. Lou Moody, of the county of Shelby, married Judge Brown, of the county of Owen, in the year 1877; ¡both of the parties had been previously married aud were ■somewhat advanced in years, and it seems contemplated ■and perhaps entered into a parol ante-nuptial contract in regard to their marital rights. Mrs. Brown died in November, 1886, and prior to her death, in March of the same year, executed a paper, properly signed and attested, purporting to be her last will and testament, by which she devised her propertyj consisting of money and bank stock, to her husband for life, and then to her collateral kindred.

After the wife’s death the paper was offered for probate in the Owen county court and rejected. An appeal was •taken to the circuit court, where it was also denied probate, and is brought here by the devisees in remainder. All the statutory requirements in regard to the execution •of a will were fully complied with> and the paper was rejected as the will of Mrs. Brown because of her coverture, the probate being opposed by the husband.

It is insisted by counsel for the devisees, or for those who would take if the paper was admitted to probate, that the parol ante-nuptial contract entered into between ■the husband and wife on the eve of their marriage divested the husband of all interest in the estate of the wife, and by its terms the property owned by her becoming her separate estate, she had the power to execute a last will and testament, although in opposition to the •wishes of her husband.

If this be the correct doctrine, the paper should have been probated. The statute in regard to wills must control that question. By section 2 of chapter 113, G-eneral Statutes, it is provided in substance that every one having testamentary capacity can make a will, except those under twenty-one years of age or a married woman, and it therefore follows from this section that no such right is given to those laboring under the disability of coverture; but, on the contrary, the right is expressly denied them. The same statute, however, makes an exception in regard to married women, and this exception is found in section 4 of the same chapter, that provides : “ A married woman may by will dispose of any estate secured to her separate use by deed or devise, or in the exercise of a written power’ to make a will.”

This -statute in regard to wills must be construed as ■containing all the law on the subject with reference to those who are competent to make a will, and the manner of its execution. We find no separate estate secured to the wife by either deed or devise, and no written power authorizing her to make a will of either her general or separate estate, and therefore the paper was not a will, for the reason that the wife had no power to make it under any reasonable construction, however liberal, that could be given the statute. It is insisted by counsel that it was the duty of the county court to- admit the will to probate, so that the question as to whether the estate in the wife was her separate or general estate might be determined by a court learned in the law, and that it was never intended by the law-making power to vest in the county judge the power of determining such an intricate legal question. While it is often difficult in determining the character of an estate, still the right or power of the feme covert to make a will is made to depend upon the character of the estate devised or conveyed to her; if general estate, she has no power to dispose of it unless in the exercise of a written power. No deed or devise to the feme of this property was exhibited to the county court, nor any written power to make a disposition of either her general or separate estate, and the county court having all the original jurisdiction over the subject matter could do nothing else but deny the probate.

While the rejection of the paper may and does divest those who are named as devisees of all title under it, still that fact does not determine the character of the estate in the wife or the right of her husband or next of kin to the property. The only question this -court has to deal with is the right of the married woman to execute a valid will. There is nothing in the record showing that she could exercise such a right, and the judgment is therefore affirmed