The Guiding Star , 2 Flip. 596 ( 1880 )

Brown, J.

The only question raised by the exceptions is, whether a seaman, in an action in rem, can join a claim for wages with a claim for an assault and battery by an officer of the vessel. Doubtless a court of admiralty may entertain jurisdiction in personam, of suits for assaults, and I see no reason to doubt that a seaman may join in an action for wages a claim against the vessel for injuries received by such acts of negligence as the ship is liable for, in a proceeding in rem; but, by General Admiralty Eule 16, “in all suits for an assault or beating on the high seas, or elsewhere within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, the suit shall be in personam only.”

It seems to be the opinion of Mr. Benedict, however, (Benedict’s Admiralty, § 309,) that this rule is confined to cases technically for assault and battery as a mere tort, and that if the action be brought on a contract, as for not carrying a passenger safely, or without injury, or for not treating with kindness a passenger or seaman, an assault or beating being the gravamen of the breach, that the suit may be in rem against the vessel. No authorities, however, are cited to this proposition, and upon a careful examination I have been unable to find any which lends it support. It is true there are certain cases in rem in which the libellant may join any number of demands, and in cases in personam claims ex delicto and ex contractu aré not infrequently joined in the same libel. Dunlap’s Admiralty, 89.

The question here involved is discussed in but a single case, viz., Pratt v. Thomas, 1 Ware’s Rep. 427, in which the learned judge for the district of Maine considers the subject with his usual thoroughness, and comes to a conclusion that a claim for damages for a personal wrong is an entirely independent claim, and -perfectly unconnected with that for wages. This case is a much stronger one against a joinder than the one at the bar, as it was a libel in personam against the master.

If it had been supposed that the court could entertain jurisdiction in rem of a suit for an assault, it is incredible that precedents for such suits should not be found in the books, for cases of aggravated assaults upon seamen are of the commonest occurrence. Upon the contrary, in all reported cases of this kind the actions are in personam only. The Agincourt, 1 Hagg. 271; The Lowther Castle, Id. 384; The Enchantress, Id. 395; The Ruckers, 4 Rob. 73; Chamberlain v. Chandler, 3 Mass. 242; Peterson v. Watson, Blatch. & How. 487; Thomas v. Gray, Id. 493; Treadwell v. Joseph, 1 Sumn. 390; Williams & Bruce’s Adm. Pr. 61; Butler v. McLeeann, 1 Ware, 219; Forbes v. Parsons, Crabbe, 283; Fuller v. Colby, 3 W. & M. 1; Anderson v. Ross, 2 Saw. 91.

Doubtless a seamen is entitled to be cured of Ms wounds at the expense of the ship, and to his wages during his sickness ; and I know of no reason why libellant might not have joined a claim of this kind with one for wages. 2 Pars. on Ship. 80-85; The Lillie Hopkins, 1 Wood, 170; The Bradish Johnson, Id. 301; The D. S. Cage, Id. 401; The Ben Flint, 1 Biss. 567. His claim for damages, however, is rather for the pain and suffering endured than the expense of cure; in other words, it is a claim for an assault and battery, and not for wages and medical attendance.

An act of congress making the damages occasioned by assaults of officers upon seamen a lien upon the sMp may be the only effectual means of cheeking the brutality and inhumanity so frequently seen on shipboard, but I am satisfied that the law at present warrants no such method of procedure.

The exceptions must therefore he sustained.