Craig R. Short v. RaceTrac Petroleum, Inc. individually and d/b/a RaceTrac John Doe, DEF Insurance Company, John Doe, Inc. and DEF Insurance Company ( 2023 )

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL
FIRST CIRCUIT
2022 CA 0859
CRAIG R. SHORT
VERSUS
RACETRAC PETROLEUM, INC. INDIVIDUALLY AND D/ B/ A
RACETRAC JOHN DOE, DEF INSURANCE COMPANY, JOHN DOE,
INC. AND DEF INSURANCE COMPANY
Judgment Re" dered:
FEB 2 4 20
Appealed from the 22nd Judicial District Court
In and for the Parish of St. Tammany
State of Louisiana
Case No. 2016- 12077
The Honorable Vincent J. Lobello, Judge Presiding
Michael C. Ginart, Jr. Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellant
Joyce D. Young Craig Short
Nicholas N. S. Cusimano
John C. Ginart
Chalmette, Louisiana
Troy L. Bell Counsel for Defendant/Appellee
Quentin F. Urquhart, Jr. RaceTrac Petroleum, Inc.
Elizabeth R. R. Showalter
New Orleans, Louisiana
Charles J. Duhe, Jr. Counsel for Defendant/ Appellee
Sarah M. Kalis Tri-State Parking Lot Maintenance, LLC
New Orleans, Louisiana
BEFORE: WELCH, PENZATO, AND LANIER, JJ. /
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LANIER, J.
In this personal injury action, the district court granted the defendants'
motions to exclude the testimony and report of plaintiffs expert based upon the
failure to meet the admissibility standards set forth in Daubert v. Merrell Dow
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579, 113 S. Ct. 2786, 125 L.Ed.2d 469 ( 1993),
and La. Code Evid. art. 702, and further found that, absent the excluded testimony,
the defendants were entitled to summary judgment. For the reasons that follow, we
affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
The facts of this case are largely undisputed. It arises from a slip and fall
that occurred on June 29, 2015, at the RaceTrac Petroleum, Inc. convenience store
RaceTrac") located in Covington, Louisiana. On that date, plaintiff, Craig Short,
had just finished pumping gasoline into his vehicle, when he and his son proceeded
to walk towards the store to get snacks. Although it had been raining " very hard"
earlier in the morning, it had slowed to a " light drizzle" by the time they decided to
walk to the store from the pumps. As Mr. Short and his son walked toward the
store, Mr. Short slipped and fell when he stepped on the painted surface of the
handicap parking space directly in front of the doors. When Mr. Short was asked
during his deposition whether he knew what caused him to slip, he replied "[ t] he
ground was wet." He denied seeing any other substances on the ground such as
wet paint, oil, or any chemical substances.
On May 19, 2016, Mr. Short filed a petition for damages against RaceTrac,
John Doe, John Doe, Inc., and DEF Insurance Company, seeking damages for his
injuries. Mr. Short alleged he sustained personal injuries to his right hip and right
shoulder, as well as multiple contusions and other painful and personal injuries as a
result of his fall. He further asserted, among other things, that RaceTrac created an
inherently dangerous condition. by failing to use a non -slip paint and/ or paint
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additive in the handicap parking area and that RaceTrac failed to property remedy
the defect when it knew or should have known of the condition. RaceTrac filed an
answer, generally denying the allegations of the petition, and filed a Notice of
Removal to federal court.
Mr. Short subsequently filed a first supplemental and amending petition in
federal court naming Samantha Pritchett and Janiqua Jackson, employees of
RaceTrac, and Tri- State Parking Lot Maintenance, LLC (" Tri- State"). Mr. Short
alleged that Pritchett and Jackson were responsible for the contracting for the
painting and maintenance of the handicap parking space and further that Tri-State
had painted and/ or applied the handicap stripes and signage to the area in question.
Mr. Short also filed a " Motion to Remand for Lack of Federal Court Jurisdiction."
On December 6, 2017, the matter was remanded to state court for further
proceedings.
RaceTrac and Tri- State each responded by filing motions for summary
judgment. In opposition, Mr. Short submitted, among other documents, the resume
and affidavit of his expert, James Danner, a civil engineer who opined that "[ a] t a
minimum, the painted walkway should have an abrasive additive as recommended
in the Sherwin- Williams data sheet, cross cut grooving, texturing or other
appropriate means to render the surface slip resistant." Both motions were initially
denied in a judgment signed September 12, 2019. Following additional discovery,
including the deposition of Mr. Danner, Tri- State filed a Daubert motion to
exclude Mr. Danner's testimony and report, and re -urged its motion for summary
judgment. Likewise, RaceTrac filed a motion in limine to exclude Mr. Danner's
testimony and also re -urged its motion for summary judgment. In seeking to
exclude Mr. Danner's testimony, defendants argued. ( 1) Mr. Danner' s opinions
were not supported by any codes or standards; ( 2) the slip resistance standard
relied upon by Mr. Danner was not adopted by Louisiana; ( 3) the measurements
3
obtained by Mr. Danner through testing were unreliable because they were not
performed under the same conditions present when Mr. Short allegedly fell; ( 4)
Mr. Danner did not know exactly where Mr. Short fell; ( 5) Mr. Danner's
conclusions were unsupported by his testing results; ( 6) Mr. Danner relied on
inaccurate and minimal facts to draw his conclusions; and ( 7) Mr. Danner's
methodology was unreliable.
After a hearing on defendants' motions, the district court took the matter
under advisement. On March 30, 2022, the court issued written reasons for
judgment, granting all of the motions before it and dismissing Mr. Short' s claims
against RaceTrac and Tri- State. The court signed a judgment in accordance with
its findings on April 18, 2022, dismissing, with prejudice, Mr. Short' s claims
against RaceTrac and Tri- State. This appeal by Mr. Short followed, wherein he
alleges the district court erred in excluding Mr. Danner's testimony and in granting
the motions for summary judgment filed by RaceTrac and Tri-State.
LAW AND ANALYSIS
Daubert Motion/Motion in Limine
In his first assignment of error, Mr. Short alleges that the district court erred
by excluding all of Mr. Danner's testimony. While acknowledging that the test Mr.
Danner performed " may not be relevant or reliable" in his case, Mr. Short argues
that Mr. Danner's " technical, specialized knowledge and experience will help the
trier of fact to understand the evidence and determine a fact in issue."
The standard for determining the admissibility of expert testimony was
established by the United States Supreme Court in Daubert, and is now codified in
La. Code Evid. art. 702, which provides, in part:
A. A witness who is qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill,
experience, training,
or education may testify in the form of an
opinion or otherwise if
0
1) The expert's scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge
will help the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a
fact in issue;
2) The testimony is based on sufficient facts or data;
3) The testimony is the product of reliable principles and methods;
and
4) The expert has reliably applied the principles and methods to the
facts of the case.
To ensure reliability, Daubert requires that the expert' s opinions be
grounded in methods and procedures of science, rather than subjective belief or
unsupported speculation.
Thus, before expert testimony is admitted, the court must
make a preliminary assessment that the reasoning or methodology underlying the
testimony is scientifically valid and can be applied to the facts at issue. Daubert,
509 U.S. at 589- 593, 113 S. Ct. at 2795- 2797; Devall v. Baton Rouge Fire Dept.,
2007- 0156 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 11 /2/ 07), 979 So. 2d 500, 502.
The following illustrative considerations may be used to determine whether
the reasoning and methodology underlying expert testimony is scientifically valid
and can properly be applied to the facts at issue: ( 1) whether the expert' s theory or
technique can be and has been tested; ( 2) whether the theory or technique has been
subjected to peer review and publication; ( 3) whether there is a known or potential
rate of error; and ( 4) whether the methodology is generally accepted in the
scientific community. Daubert, 509 U. S. at 593- 594, 113 S. Ct. at 2796- 2797.
However, the ultimate determination of the admissibility of expert testimony
under Article 702 " turns upon whether it would assist the trier of fact to understand
the evidence or to determine a fact in issue." Cheairs v. State ex rel. Department
of Transp. and Development, 2003- 0680 ( La. 12/ 3/ 03), 861 So. 2d 536, 541- 542.
The decision to admit or exclude expert testimony is within the sound discretion of
the district court, and its judgment will not be disturbed by an appellate court
unless it is clearly erroneous. Devall, 979 So.2d at 503.
5
On appeal, Mr. Short concedes that the testing done in this case by Mr.
Danner was not designed for use on wet surfaces and that the ground was in fact
wet when Mr. Short slipped. Although Mr. Short acknowledges that Mr. Danner's
testing may not be relevant or reliable to this case, he asserts that Mr. Danner's
technical, specialized knowledge and experience with respect to
pedestrian/ walkway safety is relevant and will help the trier of fact better
understand the evidence.
Mr. Short points to Mr. Danner's membership in ASTM
F13—Pedestrian/ Walkway Safety and Footwear (" ASTM Committee"). Mr. Short
argues that Mr. Danner should have been allowed to testify regarding the static
coefficient of friction and how paint additives affect same. He notes that Mr.
Danner can educate the jury concerning the data sheet of the paint used and explain
the safety precautions contained therein.
With regard to Mr. Danner's membership on the ASTM Committee, Mr.
Danner stated that the committee is made up of about eight subcommittees. He is
on the Walkway and Safety subcommittee and the Traction subcommittee. Mr.
Danner testified that he considers himself an expert on walkway surfaces.
According to the record evidence, Mr. Danner's inspections of the accident
site took place approximately one year after Mr. Short' s fall. In fact, during his site
visit, Mr. Danner was actually performing testing in connection with another
incident that had occurred at the RaceTrac in August 2016. Mr. Danner never
performed a site inspection or testing in direct response to Mr. Short's fall. As part
of his testing, Mr. Danner randomly tested six areas of the painted symbol in which
Mr. Short had reportedly fallen using a Whiteley Slipmaster Horizontal Pull
Slipmeter. A series of eight tests were made in the six test areas, four were taken
in the direction of travel and four were taken perpendicular to that direction.
Mr. Danner testified that he used the Whiteley Slipmaster Horizontal Pull
Slipmeter and that the area was " tested in accordance with equipment and protocol
6
detailed in ASTM F 609- 05 ( Reapproved 2013), " Standard Test Method Using a
Horizontal Pull Slipmeter ( TIPS)"." Mr. Danner explained that the Whiteley
Slipmaster is used to determine the coefficient of friction, which in turn is used to
determine the slip resistance of a surface. He acknowledged, however, that the
protocol for the Whiteley Slipmaster was " only valid for doing dry static tests."
Mr. Danner further added that he was not aware of any Louisiana statute or
regulation "
that defines slip resistance as a level of the dry static coefficient of
friction." Mr. Danner indicated that he did not know the exact location of where
Mr. Short fell, but that he had a " general idea." Mr. Danner noted in his report that
the exact location where Mr. Short stepped was not tested and the coefficient of
friction at that spot cannot be confirmed."
Mr. Danner was also asked about standards and codes he reviewed in
connection with this case. He referred to the " National Fire Protection Association
Life Safety Code 100- 2009 Edition; Article 7. 1. 6. 4 Means of Egress, Walking
Surfaces," noting that it had been adopted in the fire marshal' s law " quite a few
years ago."' Concerning the ASTM standard he reviewed, " ASTM International
F1637- 10; Standard Practice of Safe Walking Surfaces, Walkway Surfaces; Article
5. 1. 3," Mr. Danner acknowledged that this standard had not been adopted by any
Louisiana statute or regulation.'
Concerning the results of his testing, Mr. Danner found that five of the six
areas tested were " slip resistant" and one was "
marginally slip resistant." Despite
1 This code provides, " Walking surfaces shall be slip resistant under foreseeable conditions. The
walking surface of each element in the means of egress shall be uniformly slip resistant along the
natural path of travel."
2 This ASTM standard provides, " Walkway surfaces shall be slip resistant under expected
environmental conditions and use. Painted walkways shall contain an abrasive additive, cross
cut grooving, texturing or other appropriate means to render the surface slip resistant where wet
conditions may be reasonably foreseeable." Even Mr. Danner admitted in his deposition
testimony that while using " abrasive additive, cross cut grooving, texturing or other appropriate
means" may make a surface more slip resistant when it is wet, slip and fall accidents could still
occur under some circumstances.
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these findings, Mr. Danner concluded that "[ b] ased on the [ surveillance] video and
testing, the walkway surface of the painted parking space where Mr. Short slipped
was likely not slip resistant when wet." When asked what led him to the
conclusion that the area where Mr. Short slipped was likely not slip resistant, Mr.
Danner replied, " Essentially because he did slip and fall." He continued noting
that he made similar findings in other cases where there was traffic paint used
without an additive to make the paint slip resistant. Mr. Danner concluded in his
report as follows:
Based on the layout of the islands and the store doorway, it is
reasonable and foreseeable that a pedestrian would take a direct route
from the fuel islands to and from the store entrances when the marked
accessible parking space in front of the door is vacant. As such, that
area would be better used as a dedicated pedestrian walkway from the
islands to the store without large area of painted concrete in its center.
At a minimum, the painted walkway should have an abrasive additive
as recommended in the Sherwin- Williams data sheet, cross cut
grooving, texturing, or other appropriate means to render the surface
slip resistant as wet conditions at this location are to be expected. It is
apparent that none of these modifications were done.
After considering Mr. Danner's deposition testimony and report, as well as
argument of the parties, the district court excluded Mr. Danner from testifying or
offering any opinion in the case and further ruled that Mr. Danner's expert report
was inadmissible. After careful review, we find no error or abuse of discretion by
the district court in excluding Mr. Danner's testimony and expert report. While we
acknowledge Mr. Danner's experience as a civil engineer, we agree with the
district court that his testimony and report are inadmissible in this matter. W.
Danner's opinions are not based on sufficient facts or data; his opinions are neither
reliable nor the product of reliable principles and methods; and Mr. Danner has not
reasonably applied the principles and methods to the facts of this specific case as
required by Daubert and Article 702. We further agree that there is no evidence in
the record that Mr. Danner is qualified to testify as an expert regarding whether
8
additives should have been added to the paint used in the area where Mr. Short fell.
This assignment of error lacks merit.
SUMMARY JUDGMENT
After an opportunity for adequate discovery, a motion for summary
judgment shall be granted if the motion, memorandum, and supporting documents
show that there is no genuine issue as to material fact and that the mover is entitled
to judgment as a matter of law. La. Code Civ. P. art. 966( A)( 3). In reviewing a
district court's ruling on a motion for summary judgment, appellate courts review
evidence de novo using the same criteria that govern the district court' s
determination of whether summary judgment is appropriate. Georgia- Pacific
Consumer Operations, LLC v. City of Baton Rouge, 2017- 1553 ( La. App. 1
Cir. 7/ 18/ 18), 255 So. 3d 16, 22, writ denied, 2018- 1397 ( La. 12/ 3/ 18), 257 So. 3d
194.
The Code of Civil Procedure places the initial burden of proof on the party
filing the motion for summary judgment. See La. Code Civ. P. art. 966( D)( 1). If
the mover will not bear the burden of proof at trial on the issue that is before the
court on the motion for summary judgment, the mover need only point out to the
court, through its supporting documents, the absence of factual support for one or
more elements essential to the adverse party's claim, action, or defense. La. Code
Civ. P. art. 966( D)( 1). Once the motion for summary judgment has been properly
supported by the moving party, i.e., the mover has established the material facts
through its supporting documents and the mover has made a prima facie showing
that the motion should be granted, the burden then shifts to the non-moving party
to produce factual support, through the use of supporting documents in opposition
to the motion, of the existence of a genuine issue of material fact or that the mover
is not entitled to judgment as a matter of law. La. Code Civ. P. art. 966( D)( 1). See
also La. Code Civ. P. art. 966, Comments - 2015, Comment 0). If the non-moving
01
party fails to produce sufficient factual support in its opposition that proves the
existence of a genuine issue of material fact, Article 966(D)( 1) mandates the
granting of the motion for summary judgment. See Babin v. Winn- Dixie
Louisiana, Inc., 2000- 0078 ( La. 6/ 30/ 00), 764 So. 2d 37, 40 ( per curiam); Jenkins
v. Hernandez, 2019- 0874 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 6/ 3/ 20), 305 So.3d 365, 371, writ
denied, 2020- 00835 ( La. 10120/ 20), 303 So. 3d 315.
In ruling on a motion for summary judgment, the district court's role is not to
evaluate the weight of the evidence or to determine the truth of the matter, but
instead to determine whether there is a genuine issue of triable fact. Janney v.
Pearce, 2009- 2103 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 5/ 7/ 10), 40 So. 3d 285, 289, writ denied, 2010-
1356 ( La. 9/ 24/ 10), 45 So. 3d 1078. Because it is the applicable substantive law
that determines materiality, whether a particular fact in dispute is material can be
seen only in light of the substantive law applicable to the case. Georgia- Pacific
Consumer Operations, LLC, 255 So. 3d at 22.
As to Mr. Short's claims against RaceTrac, the applicable substantive law is
found in La. R.S. 9: 2800. 6, which provides, in pertinent part:
B. In a negligence claim brought against a merchant by a person
lawfully on the merchant's premises for damages as a result of an
injury, death, or loss sustained because of a fall due to a condition
existing in or on a merchant's premises, the claimant shall have the
burden of proving, in addition to all other elements of his cause of
action, all of the following:
1) The condition presented an unreasonable risk of harm to the
claimant and that risk of harm was reasonably foreseeable.
2) The merchant either created or had actual or constructive
notice of the condition which caused the damage, prior to the
occurrence.
3) The merchant failed to exercise reasonable care. In
determining reasonable care, the absence of a written or verbal
uniform cleanup or safety procedure is insufficient, alone, to prove
failure to exercise reasonable care.
10
In order to prove that a merchant is liable for damages sustained as a result
of a fall due to a condition that existed in or on the merchant's premises, a plaintiff
must prove by a preponderance of the evidence, through direct or circumstantial
evidence: ( 1) the existence of a condition that presented an unreasonable risk of
harm that was reasonably foreseeable, ( 2) the merchant' s actual or constructive
notice of the condition, and ( 3) the merchant' s failure to exercise reasonable care.
Williams v. Liberty Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 2016- 0996 ( La. App. 1
Cir. 3113117), 217 So. 3d 421, 424, writ denied, 2017- 0624 ( La. 6/ 5/ 17), 219 So. 3d
338. Failure to prove any one of the foregoing requirements is fatal to a plaintiffs
case. Id.A merchant owes a duty to persons using his premises to exercise reasonable
care to keep such premises in a reasonably safe condition. La. R.S. 9: 2800. 6( A).
The absence of an unreasonably dangerous condition implies the absence of a duty
on the part of the defendant. Williams, 217 So. 3d at 424 ( citing Oster v.
Department of Transp. and Development, State of La., 582 So. 2d 1285, 1288
La. 1991)). A hazardous condition is one that creates an unreasonable risk of
harm to customers under the circumstances. Pena v. Delchamps, Inc., 2006- 0364
La. App. 1 Cir. 3128107), 960 So. 2d 988, 991, writ denied, 2007- 0875 ( La.
6122107), 959 So. 2d 498. However, merchants are not insurers of their patrons'
safety, and a customer is under a duty to use ordinary care to avoid injury.
Primeaux v. Best Western Plus Houma Inn, 2018- 0841 ( La. App. 1 Cir.
2128119), 274 So. 3d 20, 28. Accordingly, a merchant is not absolutely liable every
time an accident happens. Williams, 217 So. 3d at 424.
As previously noted, Mr. Short indicated that he did not see anything on the
ground at the time of his fall other than rainwater. When asked what caused him to
fall, Mr. Short stated, "[ t]he ground was wet." Although Mr. Short points to the
surveillance videos in an effort to prove causation, a review of the videos merely
11
reveals the general location of Mr. Short's fall, not what actually caused the fall.
Moreover, there is video evidence showing several other patrons of RaceTrac
traversing the same area, without incident, just after Mr. Short's fall. As noted by
the district court, Mr. Short presented no evidence to " substantiate that the cause of
his] fall was anything other than a surface wet from rain, i.e., an open and obvious
condition."
We agree with the district court that the record is void of any competent
summary judgment evidence to prove that the area where Mr. Short fell presented
an unreasonable risk of harm. Mr. Short's inability to satisfy this essential element
of La. R.S. 9: 2800.6( B) is fatal to his claim against RaceTrac. Accordingly,
summary judgment in favor of RaceTrac was appropriate.
Similarly, we find that summary judgment in favor of Tri-State was properly
granted. Mr. Short's claim against Tri- State was based on negligence. Mr. Short
alleged that Tri- State failed to use the proper paint and/ or a paint additive when
painting the handicap parking area so as not to create an inherently dangerous
condition.
To defeat the motion for summary judgment filed by Tri- State, Mr.
Short was required to come forward with specific facts showing a genuine issue for
trial. See La. Code Civ. P. arts. 966 ( D)( 1) and 967( B).
Tri- State was the company hired by RaceTrac to restripe the parking lot
approximately three months prior to Mr. Short' s slip and fall. However, Mr. Short
could not meet his burden on the summary judgment without submitting factual
support to show that the area where he fell had a condition that created an
unreasonable risk of harm and that the unreasonably dangerous condition was the
cause -in -fact of his injuries.
Louisiana courts have adopted a duty -risk analysis in determining whether to
impose liability under the general negligence principles as set forth in the Civil
Code. See La. Civ. Code art. 2315; Brewer v. J.B. Hunt Transport, Inc., 2009-
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1408 ( La. 3/ 16/ 10), 35 So. 3d 230, 240. In order for liability to attach under the
duty -risk analysis, a plaintiff must prove five separate elements: ( 1) the defendant
had a duty to conform his conduct to a specific standard of care ( or the defendant
owed a duty of care to the plaintiff) (the duty element); ( 2) the defendant failed to
conform his conduct to the appropriate standard ( or breached the requisite duty)
the breach element); ( 3) the defendant' s substandard conduct was a cause -in -fact
of the harm or the plaintiffs injuries ( the cause -in -fact element); ( 4) the risk of
harm was within the scope of protection afforded by the duty breached ( the scope
of the duty, scope of protection, or legal cause element); and ( 5) actual damages
damages element). Landers v. USIC Locating Services, Inc., 2020- 0890 ( La.
App. 1 Cir. 4/ 26/ 21), 324 So. 3d 1070, 1073. A negative answer to any of the
inquiries of the duty -risk analysis results in a determination of no liability. Id. The
plaintiff has the burden of proving negligence on the part of the defendant by a
preponderance of the evidence. Lewis v. Safeway Insurance Company of
Louisiana, 2020- 0999 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 4/ 16121), 324 So. 3d 121, 126, citing,
Hanks v. Entergy Corp., 2006- 477 ( La. 12/ 18/ 06), 944 So. 2d 564, 578.
As support for his argument that Tri-State was negligent in failing to use the
proper paint and/ or paint additive when painting the RaceTrac parking lot, Mr.
Short points to the " Safety Precautions" found in the Sherwin- Williams data sheet
for the Pro -Park Waterborne Traffic Marking Paint, B97 Series (" Pro -Park"),
which provide as follows:
Refer to the Safety Data Sheets ... before use. FOR
PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY. Published technical data and
instructions are subject to change without notice. Contact your
Sherwin- Williams representative for additional technical data and
instructions. Painted surfaces can become slippery when wet. Zone
Marking paints are not intended for use as floor paints, and should not
be used to paint large areas subject to pedestrian traffic. For instance,
painting an entire traffic stall is not recommended. Slip Resistance -
Some surfaces may require a slip resistance additive for safety. Add
H& G SharkGrip Slip Resistant Additive to the final coat applied
following label directions. Sand may also be broadcast onto the wet
13
paint or incorporated in the final coat. Those additives should not be
used in place of a non- skid finish.
According to the deposition testimony of David Hurst, the owner of Tri-
State, RaceTrac sent Tri- State a work order for the work to be done at the
Covington location. The work was described as " OUTSIDE BUILDING/Parking
Lot/Parking Spaces/ Needs Painting/Please stripe parking lot." Mr. Hurst stated
that Pro -Park paint is used by his company for all parking lot jobs. He indicated
that Pro -Park is a paint used specifically for parking lots and that nothing has to be
added to the paint prior to use. Mr. Hurst further testified that Pro -Park paint is
used by his company because it is " the best [ he] could buy." When asked if Pro -
Park paint is " industry standard" or " top of the line paint" for painting parking lot
spaces, Mr. Hurst replied, " This is my industry standard, top of the line paint. I
can buy paint for $ 10 a gallon. I pay 20 -something dollars a gallon to have the
best paint to put on a parking lot because I deal in repeat business."
Based on our thorough review of the record, we find no evidence to support
Mr. Short's claim that the handicap parking area where he fell required a paint
additive. The mere allegation that "[ s] ome surfaces may require a slip resistance
additive for safety," is not sufficient to defeat summary judgment. Mr. Short has
failed to meet his burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, any
negligence on the part of Tri- State. Thus, we find no error in the district court' s
judgment granting summary judgment in favor of Tri- State.
DECREE
For the above and foregoing reasons, we affirm the district court's April 18,
2022 judgment and assess all costs associated with this appeal against
plaintiff/appellant, Craig Short.
LV": u 1
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CRAIG R. SHORT NUMBER: 2022 CA 0859
FIRST CIRCUIT
VERSUS
COURT OF APPEAL
RACETRAC PETROLEUM, INC.
INDIVIDUALLY AND DB/ A RACETRAC
JOHN DOE, DEF INSURANCE COMPANY
JOHN DOE, INC. AND DEF INSURANCE
COMPANY STATE OF LOUISIANA
AZA WELCH, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.
I respectfully concur in part and dissent in part from the majority opinion in
this matter. First and foremost, on the motion in limine/Daubert motion, I believe
that the trial court abused its discretion in granting the motions and in excluding
the expert testimony and report of Mr. Danner, a civil engineer. Notably, the
defendants neither proved nor presented any evidence— expert or otherwise— to
establish that Mr. Danner' s methods or opinions in this case were unreliable. See
Robertson v. Doug Ashy Bldg. Materials, Inc., 2010- 1552 ( La. App. 1`` Cir.
10/ 4/ 11), 77 So. 3d 339, 359, writs denied, 2011- 2433, 2011- 2432 ( La. 1/ 13/ 12), 77
So. 3d 973, 974 ( on a defendant' s motion to exclude plaintiffs expert' s opinion on
causation under Daubert, the defendant must prove that the expert' s opinion is
unreliable). Instead, the defendants relied on Mr. Danner' s testimony itself and the
video surveillance footage and argued that Mr. Danner' s opinions were not reliable
or supported. Although the defendants utilized the necessary " buzzwords" in
making their argument, they failed to set forth any actual proof of their arguments.
Essentially, all of the objections that the defendants had with respect to Mr.
Danner' s testimony did not concern the validity of his methodology, but rather,
went to the weight of the evidence, which does not bring Daubert into play. See
15``
MSOF Corporation v. Exxon Corporation, 2004- 0988 ( La. App. Cir,
12/ 22/ 05), 934 So.2d 708, 718, writ denied, 2006- 1669 ( La. 1016106), 938 So -2d
78. Based on my review of Mr. Danner' s testimony, there was a sufficient and
reliable basis for his opinions and conclusions based on the Sherwin- Williams data
sheet that Mr. Danner utilized and the video surveillance footage, which he viewed
and depicted the area where the plaintiff fell. It is well-settled that an expert may
provide testimony based on information obtained from others, and the character of
the evidence upon which an expert bases an opinion affects only the weight to be
afforded the expert' s conclusions— not its admissibility under Daubert. See
MSOF Corporation, 934 So. 2d at 718. Furthermore, I believe that Mr. Danner' s
specialized knowledge and experience with respect to pedestrian/ walkway safety
and surfaces is relevant and will help the trier of fact understand the evidence.
Therefore, I would reverse those portions of the judgment of the trial court
granting the motion in limine/ Daubert motion and excluding the expert testimony
and/ or expert report of Mr. Danner.
When the expert opinion of Mr. Danner that was wrongfully excluded by the
trial court is considered in reviewing the defendants' motions for summary
judgment, the plaintiff met his burden of producing factual support sufficient to
establish the existence of a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the failure
to use an abrasive additive to the paint that was used in a reasonably foreseeable
pedestrian walkway, where wet conditions are expected, presented an unreasonable
risk of harm and that risk of harm was reasonably foreseeable.
With respect to Racetrac, however, there was a lack of evidence establishing
a genuine issue of material fact that it either created or had actual or constructive
notice of that condition; therefore, summary judgment in favor of Racetrac,
dismissing the plaintiff' s claims, was proper, and I agree that portion of the
judgment should be affirmed. 4n the other hand, as to Tri- State, based on my Mr.
Danner' s expert report and testimony, as well as the testimony of Mr. Hurst, there
are genuine issues of material fact as to whether Tri- State created an unreasonable
risk of harm and caused the plaintiffs injuries when it failed to comply with the slip
prevention directions set forth in the Sherwin- Williams data sheet. Therefore,
summary judgment as to Tri- State was improper and 1 would reverse that portion
of the judgment of the trial court.
Thus, I respectfully concur in part and dissent in part.